Syndrome In Middle-aged Adults Research Articles

Estimated pulse wave velocity as a forefront indicator of developing metabolic syndrome

Abstract Background The predictive value of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) for the development of metabolic syndrome has not been extensively explored. Purpose This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating ePWV as a potential predictor for the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults. Methods Using prospective multi-center cohort database, participants aged between 40 and 69 years without metabolic syndrome at baseline were studied (enrolled from June 2001 to January 2003 and provided follow-up information spanning up to 18 years). ePWV was calculated using specific equations based on age and blood pressure. The primary outcome was the incidence of metabolic syndrome during a median follow-up period of 15.6 years (187 months). Results Of the 6,186 participants analyzed, 2,726 (44.1%) developed metabolic syndrome during the follow-up period. ePWV values were categorized into tertiles to assess their predictive value for the development of metabolic syndrome. An ePWV cut-off of 7.407 m/s was identified as a predictor of metabolic syndrome development, with a sensitivity of 0.743 and a specificity of 0.464 (Figure 1). Participants exceeding this cut-off, especially those in the third tertile (8.77–14.63 m/s), had a notably higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Specifically, the third tertile exhibited a 52.8% cumulative incidence compared with 30.8% in the first tertile as illustrated by Kaplan–Meier curves (Figure 2). After adjustments, participants exceeding the ePWV cut-off had a 1.425-fold increased independent risk of developing metabolic syndrome (HR, 1.425; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.281–1.585). Furthermore, those in the third tertile showed an even higher risk with an HR of 1.530 (95% CI, 1.330–1.761) compared to first tertile, even after adjusting for multiple variables. Conclusions ePWV is a significant predictor of the development of metabolic syndrome. This finding underscores the potential of ePWV as a cardiometabolic risk assessment tool and can thus provide useful information for primary and primordial prevention strategies.Figure 1Figure 2

Association of sleep timing, sleep duration, and sleep latency with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Korea: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study

ObjectiveSleep is a potential risk factor for metabolic syndrome. We investigated the associations of various sleep characteristics with the status and incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Koreans. MethodsUsing data from a community-based Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study on participants aged 30-50years, cross-sectional (n = 1984) and longitudinal (n = 1216, median follow-up: 2.1years) analyses were performed. To study the association of metabolic syndrome and five components with various sleep characteristics, measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, we used Poisson and logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, adjusting for covariates. ResultsOf 1984 participants, 66%, 19%, and 15% belonged to the non-metabolic syndrome, pre-metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome groups, respectively. After covariate adjustments, the pre-metabolic syndrome group was associated with late mid-sleep time (≥5:00; prevalence ratios 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.54) and late bedtime (≥2:00; prevalence ratios 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.34), and the metabolic syndrome group was associated with long sleep latency (prevalence ratios 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.73), poor sleep quality (prevalence ratios 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.78), and early wake time (<6:00; prevalence ratios 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.63). Longitudinal analysis of participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline indicated a significant increase in metabolic syndrome risk associated with very short sleep duration (<6 hours; hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.79), long sleep latency (>30 minutes; hazard ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.12), and early wake time (<6:00 o’clock; hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.97). ConclusionSleep characteristics, such as short duration, long latency, and early wake time, were associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults.

Longitudinal associations between physical activity and five risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany

BackgroundWe examined the longitudinal association between (change in) physical activity (PA) with new onset of five risk factors of metabolic syndrome among 657 middle-aged adults (mean age 44.1 (standard deviation (SD) 8.6) years) who were free of the respective outcome at baseline, in a longitudinal cohort study spanning over 29 years.MethodsLevels of habitual PA and sports-related PA were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Incident elevated waist circumference (WC), elevated triglycerides (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL), elevated blood pressure (BP), and elevated blood-glucose (BG) were assessed by physicians and by self-reported questionnaires. We calculated Cox proportional hazard ratio regressions and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOver time, participants developed (cases of incident risk factor; mean (SD) follow-up time) elevated WC (234 cases; 12.3 (8.2) years), elevated TG (292 cases; 11.1 (7.8) years), reduced HDL (139 cases; 12.4 (8.1) years), elevated BP (185 cases; 11.4 (7.5) years), or elevated BG (47 cases; 14.2 (8.5) years). For PA variables at baseline, risk reductions ranging between 37 and 42% for reduced HDL levels were detected. Furthermore, higher levels of PA (≥ 16.6 METh per week) were associated with a 49% elevated risk for incident elevated BP. Participants who increased PA levels over time, had risk reductions ranging between 38 and 57% for elevated WC, elevated TG and reduced HDL. Participants with stable high amounts of PA from baseline to follow-up had risk reductions ranging between 45 and 87% for incident reduced HDL and elevated BG.ConclusionsPA at baseline, starting PA engagement, maintaining and increasing PA level over time are associated with favorable metabolic health outcomes.

Longitudinal association between physical activity and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Germany

We examined the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) among middle-aged, community-dwelling adults, including 591 individuals (314 females; mean (SD) age, 43.8 (8.5) years) who were free of MetS at baseline. Habitual and sports-related PA was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. MetS was defined based on HDL-cholesterols, triglycerides, glucose or HbA1c, blood pressure, and waist circumference. We calculated Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using regression analyses. Over a mean follow-up of 12.5 years, 205 participants developed incident MetS. Four different sports-related PA measures were associated with a decreased risk of incident MetS: (1) Engaging in ≥ 75 min/week (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.94), (2) maintaining a continuously high amount from baseline to follow-up of ≥ 75 min/week (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94), (3) starting from < 150 min/week at baseline to ≥ 150 min/week at follow-up (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.94), and (4) increasing from < 16.6 MET-hours/week at baseline to ≥ 16.6 MET-hours/week at follow-up (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.71). Thus, maintaining, starting or increasing sports-related PA is associated with a lower risk of incident MetS.

Sex Differences in the Influence of Sleep on Body Mass Index and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults.

Poor sleep and obesity are intimately related to cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine whether the influence of sleep and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) differed by sex in middle-aged people. It is a cross-sectional study of 458 Korean participants who completed self-administered surveys; the data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. We found that both sleep and BMI were significant predictors of MetS risk in women, particularly by the role of BMI connecting the impact of sleep to MetS risk. However, the association was not found in men, showing that BMI, but not sleep, was a significant predictor of MetS. This sex-related difference was due to different relationships between sleep and BMI, indicating that BMI was more dependent on sleep quality for women than for men. Therefore, a sex-specific approach to decrease the risk of MetS is warranted.

Relationship Between Daily Sedentary Behaviors and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults: Results from a Health Survey in Taean-Gun, Republic of Korea.

Background: It is unclear whether sedentary behavior is associated with metabolic risk, being independent of physical activity and other possible confounders. This study aimed to evaluate an association between sedentary behaviors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 987 Korean adults aged 40 years or older. Information on study variables, including physical activity, awake and sitting time, and components of MetS, was collected by a self-administered questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory test. MetS was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III and Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS associated with absolute sitting time, high sedentary ratio (>0.5), and other selected covariates, including age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, educational attainment, daily meal times, regular exercise, intensity of physical activities, and sleep and nap duration. Results: After considering other selected variables, the risk of MetS was found to be higher by about 54% among subjects who had a higher sedentary ratio (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.04-2.28). Every hour increase in sitting time was associated with increased risk of MetS (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.11) with borderline significance (P = 0.119). Conclusions: Sedentary behavior was independently associated with an increased risk of MetS, suggesting that efforts to reduce the sedentary time might be also important for metabolic health in addition to encouraging adequate physical exercise. Clinical trial number is not applicable to this study.

Associations of the eating alone behavior with nutrient intake, obesity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults based on the 2013 ~ 2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Associations of the eating alone behavior with nutrient intake, obesity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults based on the 2013 ~ 2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Relation of pedometer steps count & self reported physical activity with health indices in middle aged adults

ObjectiveTo describe the relationship between daily physical activity (steps/day and self report method) and health indices. Also to observe relationship between daily physical activity and existence of any prior sign of metabolic syndrome in middle aged adults of 40–60 years. A secondary objective was to observe relation between objective (steps/day) and subjective (IPAQ) measure of physical activity. Method145 subjects were recruited from residential colony of New Delhi, India and their health indices (waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, blood pressure, resting heart rate), and presence of any sign of metabolic syndrome were noted down. Their daily physical activity was determined by pedometer (steps/day) and IPAQ (self report). Steps/day was compared with self reported physical activity, presence of any prior sign of metabolic syndrome, and health indices. ResultThe average steps/day was 3226±1558 for females (n=76) and 4273±2530 for males (n=69). IPAQ results were inversely related with WHR (p=0.046, r=−0.166), RHR (p=0.020, r=−0.193) and signs of metabolic syndrome (p=0.017, r=−0.198). Pedometer determined physical activity was inversely related with prior signs of metabolic syndrome present (p=0.041, r=−0.170). Pedometer determined steps/day were positively correlated with self-reported physical activity (p<0.001, r=0.56). ConclusionMain findings suggested that fewer steps/day and METS are associated with more components of the metabolic syndrome. Prior signs of metabolic syndrome were mainly present in females. Majority of participants were sedentary, showed high resting heart rate, high waist hip ratio and more number of sign of metabolic syndrome.

The Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary fiber intake of middle-aged adults in Gyeonggi and to evaluate its relation with the metabolic syndrome. Methods: From April 2013 to October 2014, 279 (60 men, 210 women) middle-aged adults subject older than 30 years of age were recruited. Two-day dietary intake data were collected from each subject using the 24-hour recall method. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and blood analysis. Results: When the subjects were divided into tertile groups by dietary fiber intake per 1,000 kcal, the middle tertile group showed higher fiber intake of 118.8% above the reference intake of 12 g/1,000 kcal, and the highest tertile group showed a higher fiber intake of 165.0% above the reference intake. The group with greater dietary fiber intake showed more mineral and vitamin intake but less energy, fat, and cholesterol intake. The major food groups that contributed to the dietary fiber in the lowest and the middle tertiles were vegetables, grains, fruits, and legumes, but in the highest tertile, legumes contributed more than fruits. The risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.77), abdominal obesity (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.85,) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.83) were significantly reduced in the middle tertile compared to the lowest tertile. Conclusions: The results suggest that there is a correlation between dietary fiber intake and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. It is highly expected that consuming sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables as a major source of dietary fiber can prevent and manage metabolic syndrome and chronic disease.

Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre intake and risk factors for cvd and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults: The AWHS cohort

Soluble and insoluble dietary fibre intake and risk factors for cvd and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults: The AWHS cohort

The Study of Time Perception in Migraineurs

The study aimed to explore the impairment of time perception in migraineurs. Headache is the most common pain syndrome in middle-aged adults, and migraine is highly prevalent and severely disabling. Although the mechanisms of and the therapies for migraines have long been explored, less is known about the functional impairments associated with them, especially the impairment in time perception, that is, the ability to estimate the passage of time. In this study, we used a temporal reproduction task to assess the estimation of the duration of visual stimulus in 27 migraine patients. The stimulus was delivered at different intervals over the milliseconds and seconds range. In the setting of an interstimulus interval for 1 second and an interstimulus interval for 5 seconds in the 600-millisecond-duration reproduction task, the migraineurs showed impairment in time perception, and in that they significantly overestimated the duration, as compared with the healthy subjects. When compared with the healthy controls for the 3-second and 5-second duration reproduction task, migraineurs in the setting of an interstimulus interval for 1 second and an interstimulus interval for 5 seconds did not show impairment in time perception. This study indicates that not only is time perception impaired in migraineurs, but that this impairment is exhibited for durations in the milliseconds range, and not the seconds range.

Early Evidence of Increased Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Young Men With Latent Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by a repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep and may affect as many as 1 in 5 adults. Although OSA appears to increase risk for metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults, no data currently exist in a younger, preclinical cohort. Forty-five sedentary young men: 12 overweight with OSA (OSA), 18 overweight without OSA (NOSA), and 15 normal-weight without OSA (CON). Respiratory distress index (RDI) was determined using an at-home, unsupervised, portable polygraphy device. Total and subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAF) were quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood pressure was obtained manually via auscultation. Fasting triglycerides, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were analyzed from whole blood using a commercial lipid profile kit. The OSA group had 25% more SAF than the NOSA group (P < 0.05) and higher triglycerides (136.7 +/- 21.3 mg/dL versus 92.2 +/- 7.5, P < 0.05). RDI was directly related to fasting triglycerides (R = 0.32, P < 0.05) after controlling for SAF. The number of metabolic syndrome components was directly correlated to indices of adiposity, but not RDI. Using multiple linear regression analysis, triglycerides were the only independent predictor of RDI. Results from this study demonstrate that unique physiologic and anthropometric abnormalities exist in young men with occult OSA, beyond those that are seen in uncomplicated obesity. These findings may indicate early pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome in these young men.

Childhood Predictors of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults: The Muscatine Study

Childhood Predictors of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults: The Muscatine Study

Childhood Predictors of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults: The Muscatine Study

To investigate the association between components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) measured during childhood/adolescence, and adult MetS. This investigation focused on members of the Muscatine Study Longitudinal Adult Cohort. Predictor variables were risk factor measurements obtained between 1970 and 1981 when cohort members participated in school survey examinations. Risk factor measurements obtained between 1982 and 2008 when cohort members participated in follow-up examinations as young and middle-aged adults were used for MetS classification. 33.0% (29.7% of 474 women; 37.0% of 384 men) of cohort members were classified as having the MetS. The initial MetS classification occurred at ages ranging from 23 to 52 years, with a mean age of 37.2 years (SD = 7.4). Cohort members with the MetS had significantly higher body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides at the time they participated in the school survey examinations (P < .0001). Estimated probabilities of remaining MetS free at age 35 for those whose school survey body mass index and triglyceride measurements were both <50th vs >/=75th percentiles were strikingly different (0.94 vs 0.42). BMI is the strongest childhood predictor of adult MetS. Early identification of at-risk children may reduce the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Soft Drink Consumption and Risk of Developing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults in the Community

Consumption of soft drinks has been linked to obesity in children and adolescents, but it is unclear whether it increases metabolic risk in middle-aged individuals. We related the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components to soft drink consumption in participants in the Framingham Heart Study (6039 person-observations, 3470 in women; mean age 52.9 years) who were free of baseline metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of > or = 3 of the following: waist circumference > or = 35 inches (women) or > or = 40 inches (men); fasting blood glucose > or = 100 mg/dL; serum triglycerides > or = 150 mg/dL; blood pressure > or = 135/85 mm Hg; and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (men) or < 50 mg/dL (women). Multivariable models included adjustments for age, sex, physical activity, smoking, dietary intake of saturated fat, trans fat, fiber, magnesium, total calories, and glycemic index. Cross-sectionally, individuals consuming > or = 1 soft drink per day had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.69) than those consuming < 1 drink per day. On follow-up (mean of 4 years), new-onset metabolic syndrome developed in 717 of 4033 participants (17.8%) consuming < 1 drink/day and in 433 of 2006 persons (21.6%) [corrected] consuming > or = 1 soft drink/day [corrected] Consumption of > or = 1 soft drink per day was associated with increased odds of developing metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.74), obesity (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.68), increased waist circumference (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.56), impaired fasting glucose (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.48), higher blood pressure (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.44), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.51), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 1.32; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.64). In middle-aged adults, soft drink consumption is associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of multiple metabolic risk factors.

Predictors of incident diabetes, metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults: A 10-year follow-up study from Kinmen, Taiwan

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this prospective study was to assess a population-based cohort for the predictors of incident diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which is most likely to lead to cardiovascular disease. Methods We compared the baseline individual components of metabolic syndrome, adopted from the NCEP ATP III for Asians, in 3629 subjects who developed diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or diabetes and metabolic syndrome to those who remained free of diabetes and metabolic syndrome for 10 years. Results The incidence rate of diabetes was 7.8% (9.8% in men and 6.3% in women, respectively), and metabolic syndrome was 24.2% (23.4% in men and 24.7% women, respectively). Eighty-five men and 99 women developed diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which yielded incidence rates of 5.7% in men and 4.7% in women. After adjustment for related covariable factors, each component of metabolic syndrome in women, higher triglyceride and greater waist circumference in men, independently predicted future incident diabetes and metabolic syndrome as compared with those who remained free of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions/interpretation These findings suggest that several components of metabolic syndrome independently precede the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Further intervention studies are required to demonstrate the benefits of intervention with all aspects in decreasing the incidence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the general population.