Sex Differences in the Influence of Sleep on Body Mass Index and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Adults.

Hyun-E Yeom,Jungmin Lee

doi:10.3390/healthcare8040561

Abstract

Poor sleep and obesity are intimately related to cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to examine whether the influence of sleep and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) differed by sex in middle-aged people. It is a cross-sectional study of 458 Korean participants who completed self-administered surveys; the data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. We found that both sleep and BMI were significant predictors of MetS risk in women, particularly by the role of BMI connecting the impact of sleep to MetS risk. However, the association was not found in men, showing that BMI, but not sleep, was a significant predictor of MetS. This sex-related difference was due to different relationships between sleep and BMI, indicating that BMI was more dependent on sleep quality for women than for men. Therefore, a sex-specific approach to decrease the risk of MetS is warranted.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of increasing mortality and reduced quality of life globally
Prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk did not differ based on sex (t = 0.08, p = 0.780) and 52.2% of the MetS risk group were women
This study found that despite strong evidence for the impact of sleep on MetS, its contribution to increasing the risk of MetS differed according to sex when considering its interrelatedness with body mass index (BMI), since BMI was associated with sleep only in women

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of increasing mortality and reduced quality of life globally. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition clustered with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia in lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL), elevated triglycerides, and elevated fasting glucose), is a critical, life-threatening issue [1]. Recent data show that with increases in obesity in Asian countries, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the risk of. Asian populations are thought to have a relatively low risk of cardiovascular diseases [2]. A recent comparative study of Asian and European populations indicated the prevalence was similar to, or higher than, some less developed Asian countries than in Europe [3]. According to recent South Korean national health statistics, the incidence of MetS was 26%, and

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