Synchronous Properties Research Articles

Emergent Synchronous Volumetric Oscillation in Hierarchically Structured Self-Oscillating Gel Clusters.

Emergent properties accompanying synchronization among oscillators are vital characteristics in biological systems. Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillators are an artificial model to study the emergence and synchronization in life. This research represents a self-oscillating gel system with clusterable properties to experimentally examine synchronous and emergent properties at a fundamental hierarchical level. Incorporating acrylic acid (AAc) moieties within the gel network facilitates cluster formation through hydrogen bonding in an acidic BZ substrate solution. Upon clustering, both homogeneous and heterogeneous gel assemblies─ranging from double to quadruple clusters─exhibit increased and synchronized periods and amplitudes during the BZ reaction. Notably, in heterogeneous clusters, gel units with initially short periods and small volumetric amplitudes display a significant increase, aligning with the lonfger periods and larger amplitudes of other elements within the cluster, an emergent property. This research can pave the way for a better understanding of synchronous and emergent properties in biological oscillators such as cardiomyocytes.

Micro grid stabilization using the Virtual Synchronous Machine (VISMA)

Up to now, the electromechanical synchronous machine rules the domain of electrical power generation devices and that way the public power grids. Its specific characteristics guarantee the stable highly parallel grid operation, automatic power balancing and damping. Not least the rotating mass is related to some dynamic properties and the condition for the grid short time frequency stability. The progressive integration of renewable sources is accompanied by questions concerning the loss of these features using inverters for grid feeding. The paper shows an approved concept that combines inverter technology and synchronous machine properties.

Temporal Dynamic Synchronous Functional Brain Network for Schizophrenia Classification and Lateralization Analysis.

Available evidence suggests that dynamic functional connectivity can capture time-varying abnormalities in brain activity in resting-state cerebral functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data and has a natural advantage in uncovering mechanisms of abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Hence, an advanced dynamic brain network analysis model called the temporal brain category graph convolutional network (Temporal-BCGCN) was employed. Firstly, a unique dynamic brain network analysis module, DSF-BrainNet, was designed to construct dynamic synchronization features. Subsequently, a revolutionary graph convolution method, TemporalConv, was proposed based on the synchronous temporal properties of features. Finally, the first modular test tool for abnormal hemispherical lateralization in deep learning based on rs-fMRI data, named CategoryPool, was proposed. This study was validated on COBRE and UCLA datasets and achieved 83.62% and 89.71% average accuracies, respectively, outperforming the baseline model and other state-of-the-art methods. The ablation results also demonstrate the advantages of TemporalConv over the traditional edge feature graph convolution approach and the improvement of CategoryPool over the classical graph pooling approach. Interestingly, this study showed that the lower-order perceptual system and higher-order network regions in the left hemisphere are more severely dysfunctional than in the right hemisphere in SZ, reaffirmings the importance of the left medial superior frontal gyrus in SZ. Our code was available at: https://github.com/swfen/Temporal-BCGCN.

Targeted CuFe2O4 hybrid nanoradiosensitizers for synchronous chemoradiotherapy.

Multifunctional nanoplatforms based on novel bimetallic nanoparticles have emerged as effective radiosensitizers owing to their potential capability in cancer cells radiosensitization. Implementation of chemotherapy along with radiotherapy, known as synchronous chemoradiotherapy, can augment the treatment efficacy. Herein, a tumor targeted nanoradiosensitizer with synchronous chemoradiotion properties, termed as CuFe2O4@BSA-FA-CUR, loaded with curcumin (CUR) and modified by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and folic acid (FA) was developed to enhance tumor accumulation and promote the anti-cancer activity while attenuating adverse effects. Both copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) were utilized in the construction of these submicron scale entities, therefore strong radiosensitization effect is anticipated by implementation of these two metals. The structure-function relationships between constituents of nanomaterials and their function led to the development of nanoscale materials with great radiosensitizing capacity and biosafety. BSA was used to anchor Fe and Cu ions but also to improve colloidal stability, blood circulation time, biocompatibility, and further functionalization. Moreover, to specifically target tumor sites and enhance cellular uptake, FA was conjugated onto the surface of hybrid bimetallic nanoparticles. Finally, CUR as a natural chemotherapeutic agent was encapsulated into the developed bimetallic nanoparticles. With incorporation of all abovementioned stages into one multifunctional nanoplatform, CuFe2O4@BSA-FA-CUR is produced for synergistic chemoradiotherapy with positive outcomes. In vitro investigation revealed that these nanoplatforms bear excellent biosafety, great tumor cell killing ability and radiosensitizing capacity. In addition, high cancer-suppression efficiency was observed through in vivo studies. It is worth mentioning that co-use of CuFe2O4@BSA-FA-CUR nanoplatforms and X-ray radiation led to complete tumor ablation in almost all of the treated mice. No mortality or radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity were observed following administration of CuFe2O4@BSA-FA-CUR nanoparticles which highlights the biosafety of these submicron scale entities. These results offer powerful evidence for the potential capability of CuFe2O4@BSA-FA-CUR in radiosensitization of malignant tumors and opens up a new avenue of research in this area.

Interactive study of Au20 nanocluster and methyl substituted amide linked tyrosine/tryptophan to develop representative model for studying protein-nanoparticle interaction

Investigations on UV–vis, steady-state fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence properties of human hemoglobin (HHb) reveals greater spectral shifts in peaks arising due to alterations in microenvironment of Tyr-compared to Trp-during interactions with gold nanoparticle (GNP). Besides, interactions of Au20 nanocluster with modified Tyr/Trp (possessing methyl substituted amide bonds) by quantum chemical calculations demonstrate significant role of amide bonds and the spectral shift, binding energy and alteration in bond distances appear to be higher for modified Tyr-compared to modified Trp. Moreover, close resemblance of frequency shift of modified Tyr/Trp-in presence of Au20 is observed with respect to the experimental FT-IR study of HHb upon interaction with GNP, suggesting participation of amide bonds in both cases. Furthermore, CD DFT calculations using optimized helical stretch of HHbin presence of Au20 and experimental CD results of HHb in presence of GNP further indicate participation amide bonds and biocompatibility of GNP. Apparently, the theoretical and experimental interactions are going in good agreement with each other. Overall, the study of interactions of modified Tyr/Trp-as representative models of protein microenvironment and Au20 nanocluster as prototype of GNP to develop models for exploring protein nanoparticle interactions has been highlighted.

Synchronous properties of the friction phenomenon

The phenomenon of frictional slipping and sticking is one of crucial problems in mechanical engineering. This paper is focused on the numerical analysis of vibrations induced by friction in oscillator model which assumes an influence of the normal degree of freedom on the friction force. Analysis of Poincare maps, time courses and corresponding spectrum of Lyapunov exponents of the proposed three degrees of freedom dynamical system is demonstrated. It is revealed that the friction force, acting on the main slider, reflects dynamic behavior of the system response, i.e., some synchronous correlation between them is observed, even in the range of hyperchaotic behavior of the system, characterized by two positive Lyapunov exponents. On the other hand, an interesting effect of the coexistence of irregular friction force at the contact point of the frictional brush and ground surface with the regular response of the system in the quasi-periodic regime is reported.

Semiconducting Minerals Participated Extracellular Electron Transfer Process in High-Altitude Red Soil from Gansu, China

The microbial extracellular electron transfer (EET) process plays an important role in biogeochemistry. Here, semiconducting minerals that participated in EET in high-altitude red soil were investigated for the first time. Semiconducting minerals and microbial communities were analyzed by XRD and 16S rRNA, respectively. The photoresponse and semiconducting mineral properties of red soil were characterized by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and I–t curves, and well synchronous light-response properties were observed. Then, the EET process without light was explored in a dual-chamber system, the maximum power density of red soil cathode was nearly two times higher than graphite cathode, indicated that mineral serving as electron acceptor. Under light irradiation, the highest photo-current density (3.939 μA/cm2) was observed between red soil electrode and live bacteria, indicating the microbial EET process was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to investigate the mechanism, results showed that the interface charge transfer resistance (Rct) of red soil electrode was obviously reduced from 396 to 316 Ω under light conditions. This study demonstrated that semiconducting minerals could participate microbial EET process via sunlight catalysis in high-altitude environments.

Chebyshev-Type Integral Inequalities for Continuous Fields of Operators Concerning Khatri–Rao Products and Synchronous Properties

We consider bounded continuous fields of self-adjoint operators which are parametrized by a locally compact Hausdorff space Ω equipped with a finite Radon measure μ . Under certain assumptions on synchronous Khatri–Rao property of the fields of operators, we obtain Chebyshev-type inequalities concerning Khatri–Rao products. We also establish Chebyshev-type inequalities involving Khatri–Rao products and weighted Pythagorean means under certain assumptions of synchronous monotone property of the fields of operators. The Pythagorean means considered here are three classical symmetric means: the geometric mean, the arithmetic mean, and the harmonic mean. Moreover, we derive the Chebyshev–Grüss integral inequality via oscillations when μ is a probability Radon measure. These integral inequalities can be reduced to discrete inequalities by setting Ω to be a finite space equipped with the counting measure. Our results provide analog results for matrices and integrable functions. Furthermore, our results include the results for tensor products of operators, and Khatri–Rao/Kronecker/Hadamard products of matrices, which have been not investigated in the literature.

Fabrication of Green Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Wood Flour for Efficient Oil Separation from Water

The removal of oil from waste water is gaining increasing attention. In this study, a novel synthesis method of green superhydrophobic/superoleophilic wood flour is proposed using the deposition of nano–zinc oxide (nZnO) aggregated on the fiber surface and the subsequent hydrophobic modification of octadecanoic acid. The as-prepared wood flour displayed great superhydrophobicity and synchronous superoleophilicity properties with the water contact angle (WCA) of 156° and oil contact angle (OCA) of 0° for diesel oil. Furthermore, the as-prepared wood flour possessed an excellent stability, probably due to the strong adhesion of nZnO, which aggregates to the fiber surface of wood flour with the action of glutinous polystyrene. The maximum adsorption capacity of as-prepared wood flour was 20.81 g/g for engine oil, which showed that the as-prepared wood flour is a potential candidate as an efficient oil adsorbent in the field of water-oil separation. Moreover, it has good chemical steadiness and environmental durability. Taken together, all the information acquired from this research could be valuable in evaluating the potential of as-prepared wood flour as a competitive and sustainable oil-water separation material.

Characterizing the R-duality of g-frames

In this paper, we define the g-Riesz-dual of a given special operator-valued sequence with respect to g-orthonormal bases for a separable Hilbert space. We demonstrate that the g-R-dual keeps some synchronous frame properties with the operator-valued sequence given. We also display some Schauder basis-like properties of the g-R-dual in the light of the properties of the given sequence. In particular, the g-R-dual can be characterized by the use of another sequence, related to the given sequence. Finally, a special sequence is constructed to build the relationship between an operator-valued sequence and a g-Riesz sequence.

Combination of using prodrug-modified cationic liposome nanocomplexes and a potentiating strategy via targeted co-delivery of gemcitabine and docetaxel for CD44-overexpressed triple negative breast cancer therapy.

The Combo NCs were innovatively applied for co-delivery of hydrophilic GEM and hydrophobic DTX. The ester bond linking and shielding effect of HA-GEM made the carriers achieve synchronous release properties, which was determined in in vitro release study. Due to the HA modification, the vectors own great potency for positive targeting to CD44 overexpressed triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies confirmed the targeting effect and synergism between two drugs. Interestingly, we found in cell cycle study, drug combinations (free combination or Combo NCs) didn't show a rise in G2M phase, which was significantly higher when treated DTX alone. We further discovered the role of DTX in combinations may involve in modulating GEM associated enzymes thus enhancing the efficacy of GEM. Consequently, this nanoplatform provided a novel solution for achieving targeted co-delivery and potentiating effect in cancer therapy.

Probing the behavior of bovine serum albumin upon binding to atenolol: insights from spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches

Molecular interaction of atenolol, a selective β1 receptor antagonist with the major carrier protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was investigated under imitated physiological conditions (pH 7.4) by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and molecular modeling studies. The steady-state fluorescence spectra manifested that static type, due to formation of the atenolol-BSA complex, was the dominant mechanism for fluorescence quenching. The characteristic information about the binding interaction of atenolol with BSA in terms of binding constant (Kb) were determined by the UV–vis absorption titration, and were found to be in the order of 103 M−1 at different temperatures, indicating the existence of a weak binding in this system. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the binding process was primarily mediated by van der Waals force and hydrogen bonds due to the negative sign for enthalpy change (ΔH0), entropy change (ΔS0). The molecular docking results elucidated that atenolol preferred binding on the site II of BSA according to the findings observed in competitive binding experiments. Moreover, via alterations in synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and FT-IR spectral properties, it was concluded that atenolol could arouse slight configurational and micro-environmental changes of BSA.

Photochromic Fluorescence Switching Diarylethene Flanking a Methoxy Group

Fluorescent photoswitching molecule in which photochromic diarylethene with six-number phenyl unit and thiophene ring attached a phenyl methoxy group was synthesized. The compound exhibited pronounced photochromic and synchronous fluorescence switching properties. Irradiation of the open form of compound with UV light resulted in immediate photocyclization to the blue closed form with nonfluorescence; the colorless open form with fluorescence character could be regenerated by irradiation with visible light. In terms of potential use for optical storage and readout, this compound displays fluorescence discrimination between its open and closed form. This fluorescence switching could be the basis of a remote control nondestructive readout method.

Affinity and Specificity of Ciprofloxacin-Bovine Serum Albumin Interactions: Spectroscopic Approach

Fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy were employed to investigate the binding of an antibacterial drug Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) under the physiological conditions. In the discussion of the quenching mechanism, it was proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by CPFX is a result of the formation of CPFX-BSA complex. Binding parameters were determined using the modified Stern-Volmer equation and Scatchard equation to provide a measure of the binding affinity between CPFX and BSA. The results of thermodynamic parameters DeltaG, DeltaH, DeltaS, at different temperatures indicate that the electrostatic interactions play a major role for CPFX-BSA association. Site marker competitive experiments indicated that the binding of CPFX to BSA primarily took place in site I. Furthermore, the effect of metal ions to CPFX-BSA system was studied, and the distance r between donor (BSA) and acceptor (CPFX) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The conformation of BSA upon CPFX binding was evaluated by measuring synchronous fluorescence properties of the CPFX-BSA complex.

Synchronization of coupled logistic maps on random community networks

The collective synchronization of a system of coupled logistic maps on random community networks is investigated. It is found that the synchronizability of the community network is affected by two factors when the size of the network and the number of connections are fixed. One is the number of communities denoted by the parameter m, and the other is the ratio σ of the connection probability p of each pair of nodes within each community to the connection probability q of each pair of nodes among different communities. Theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that larger m and smaller σ are the key to the enhancement of network synchronizability. We also testify synchronous properties of the system by analysing the largest Lyapunov exponents of the system.

Reliable real-time communication in can networks

Controller area network (CAN) is a fieldbus network suitable for small-scale distributed computer controlled systems (DCCS), being appropriate for sending and receiving short real-time messages at speeds up to 1 Mbit/sec. Several studies are available on how to guarantee the real-time requirements of CAN messages, providing preruntime schedulability conditions to guarantee the real-time communication requirements of DCCS traffic. Usually, it is considered that CAN guarantees atomic multicast properties by means of its extensive error detection/signaling mechanisms. However, there are some error situations where messages can be delivered in duplicate or delivered only by a subset of the receivers, leading to inconsistencies in the supported applications. In order to prevent such inconsistencies, a middleware for reliable communication in CAN is proposed, taking advantage of CAN synchronous properties to minimize the runtime overhead. Such middleware comprises a set of atomic multicast and consolidation protocols, upon which the reliable communication properties are guaranteed. The related timing analysis demonstrates that, in spite of the extra stack of protocols, the real-time properties of CAN are preserved since the predictability of message transfer is guaranteed.

Programming atomic multicast in CAN

In Distributed Computer-Controlled Systems (DCCS), a special emphasis must be given to the communication infrastructure, which must provide timely and reliable communication services. CAN networks are usually suitable to support small-scale DCCS. However, they are known to present some reliability problems, which can lead to an unreliable behaviour of the supported applications.In this paper, an atomic multicast protocol for CAN networks is proposed. This protocol explores the CAN synchronous properties, providing a timely and reliable service to the supported applications.The implementation of such protocol in Ada, on top of the Ada version of Real-Time Linux is presented, which is used to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the platform to support reliable communications in DCCS.

Parallel auditory filtering by sustained and transient channels separates coarticulated vowels and consonants

A neural model of peripheral auditory processing is described and used to separate features of coarticulated vowels and consonants. After preprocessing of speech via a filterbank, the model splits into two parallel channels, a sustained channel and a transient channel. The sustained channel is sensitive to relatively stable parts of the speech waveform, notably synchronous properties of the vocalic portion of the stimulus. It extends the dynamic range of eighth nerve filters using coincidence detectors that combine operations of raising to a power, rectification, delay, multiplication, time averaging, and preemphasis. The transient channel is sensitive to critical features at the onsets and offsets of speech segments. It is built up from fast excitatory neurons that are modulated by slow inhibitory interneurons. These units are combined over high-frequency and low-frequency ranges using operations of rectification, normalization, multiplicative gating, and opponent processing. Detectors sensitive to frication and to onset or offset of stop consonants and vowels are described. Model properties are characterized by mathematical analysis and computer simulations. Neural analogs of model cells in the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus are noted, as are psychophysical data about perception of CV syllables that may be explained by the sustained-transient channel hypothesis. The proposed sustained and transient processing seems to be an auditory analog of the sustained and transient processing that is known to occur in vision.