Synchronous Permanent Magnet Research Articles

Influence of structural parameters of cartridge-type synchronous magnetic coupling on transmission performance

The study of the structural parameters of the permanent magnet magnetic coupling is particularly important because they determine its transmission performance. In this paper, we first compare and analyze the results of theoretical calculation and simulation, and conclude that the calculation results of the 3D simulation model are closest to the actual situation. Maxwell software is used to study the effect of the cartridge type synchronous permanent magnet coupling on the transmitted torque at different working air gaps, permanent magnet thickness, yoke thickness, and aspect ratio under different pole numbers. The results show that: the increase of working air gap is not conducive to increasing the transmitted torque; the increase of permanent magnet thickness is beneficial to increase the transmitted torque, but the increase rate gradually decreases; the increase of yoke thickness has a small increase on the magnetic torque within a certain range, and the yoke thickness is slightly larger than the permanent magnet thickness is optimal; the increase of permanent magnet’s aspect ratio also increases the torque, and the torque density growth rate is the fastest when the aspect ratio is in the range of 0.5~0.7. Through the analysis, it is important for the design of synchronous magnetic coupling and other researches.

Low complexity duty cycle modulation model predictive current control of permanent magnet synchronous motor

This study proposes a model predictive current control algorithm for the synchronous permanent magnet motor with low complexity duty cycle modulation. Three single-phase voltage vectors are simulated to synthesize the target voltage vector that enables the current to achieve deadbeat control. The algorithm can change the amplitude and direction of the synthesized vector and extend the selection range of the synthesized vector to the whole hexagonal region. That is to say, this method can realize the deadbeat control of the d-axis and q-axis currents, and reduce the current pulsation. Moreover, this method only needs one action time operation, which can directly convert the action time of the voltage vector into a three-phase duty cycle after equivalent processing and over-modulation of the action time of the voltage vector. It is not necessary to traverse multiple sectors for optimization, which simplifies the modulation method and reduces the computational complexity. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method are verified by theoretical derivation and experimental results.

Comparative analysis of maximum power extraction and control methods between PMSG and PMVG-based wind turbine systems

The objective of this study is to compare, analyze and evaluate the performance between permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and permanent magnet vernier generator (PMVG)-based wind turbine systems (WTSs) using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control technology. To do this, first, the dynamical model of the PMSG and PMVG-based WTS is constructed. Next, the traditional and improved optimum torque control-based MPPT schemes are employed to validate the dynamical performance between the PMSG and PMVG-based WTS. And then, the generator current augmentation-based optimum torque control strategy is proposed to extract the maximum output power from various wind conditions. This method can effectively reduce the influence of the moment of inertia in WTS and ensure the transient performance of the MPPT scheme. Further, an analytical model of 5-kW PMSG and PMVG-based WTS is presented to provide a fair comparison with MPPT schemes and outline their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the comparative simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of employing PMSG and PMVG in WTS.

Data-Driven Continuous-Set Predictive Current Control for Synchronous Motor Drives

Optimization-based control strategies are an affirmed research topic in the area of electric motor drives. These methods typically rely on the accurate parametric representation of equations of a motor. In this article, we present the transition from model-based to data-driven optimal control strategies. We start from the model-predictive control paradigm, which uses the voltage balance model of the motor. Then, we discuss the prediction error method, where a state-space model is identified from data, without parameterization. Moving toward data-driven controls, we present the subspace predictive control, where a reduced model is constructed based on the singular value decomposition of raw data. The final step is represented by a complete data-driven approach, named data-enabled predictive control, in which raw data are not encoded into a model but directly used in the controller. The theory behind these techniques is reviewed and applied for the first time to the design of the current controller of synchronous permanent magnet motor drives. Design guidelines are provided to practitioners for the proposed application, and a way to address offset-free tracking is discussed. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the real-time implementation and provide comparisons between the model-based and data-driven controls.

A Novel Flux Barrier Parametrization for Synchronous Reluctance Machines

This paper presents a novel parametrization for the flux barrier profiles of synchronous reluctance and permanent magnet assisted reluctance machines. In literature there are several methods used to design rotor flux barriers of various types, however the vast majority use only a few parameters to characterize their shape. These approaches are proven to be effective in terms of simplicity and computational burden required to achieve an optimal design. However, simplified parametrizations certainly decrease the degrees of freedom when designing the whole barrier shape. In this paper, an attempt to increase the degrees of freedom, introducing a novel rotor flux barrier parametrization, is presented. The method proposed uses natural splines, defined by the positions of a set of control points, to form the shape of the flux barriers. The spline and state-of-the-art barrier profiles are compared from both electromagnetic and mechanical perspectives. The results of this investigation show that by increasing the degrees of freedom it is possible to obtain better performance characteristics. The proposed parametrization is applied to a 6-pole synchronous reluctance motor and its permanent magnet assisted variant, optimized for a traction application. A prototype has been manufactured and tested to experimentally validate the design methodology.

Modeling the synchronous permanent magnet generator with RLC load

This paper is concerned with the modeling of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and its load in the dq0 reference system. The generator was considered to be directly connected to a balanced three-phase load. The loads under consideration were R and RLC type loads. The connection to the R load can be simulated using the standard PMSG dq model and Park transformations, but the connection to the RLC load requires the modeling of the system as a whole. LabVIEW simulations of these models were used in order to study the behavior of the PMSG under various load conditions (R, RL and RC). These models can be used to simulate the behavior of the PMSG in a conventional (natural gas, coal, etc.) or renewable (wind energy, hydropower, etc.) energy conversion system. They can also be used in designing the control of the energy conversion system (MPPT control, Droop control, etc.).

Fault-Tolerant Back-to-Back Converter for Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators Wind Turbines Using Direct Torque and Power Control Techniques

Fault-tolerance is considered critical in wind turbines to improve their dependability and availability. This the document has a fault-tolerant permanent magnet with direct drive new direct control synchronous generator PMSM methods capable of handling high-power semiconductors OPEN-CIRCUIT failure in back-to-back transmissions. The faults-tolerance scheme is made up of 5 legs. A converter through an interlinked leg linked to an alternator phase and a converter with a shared leg connected with an alternator phase, a converter through a Triode for Alternating Current to its appropriate grid phase. The creation of DTC and DPC techniques for MSC and GSC is the major contribution of this work. A dependable failure diagnostics algorithm is also implemented, which provides the information needed to instantly activate fault-tolerant remedial techniques without the use of extra sensors. To validate the efficacy of the proposed fault-tolerant PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS drive, simulation and experimental data are provided.

Reliable Centralized Control of PMSM

In this paper, we introduce the development methodology of a reliable centralized control applied to a synchronous permanent magnet machine. The proposed system is nonlinear, we linearize around a point of application. The resulting model will then be used to reproduce the dynamic behavior of the machine for a reliable control. The controller is based on the standard h infinite to increase performance, reduce measurement noise, and to tolerate the outage of certain sensors. To illustrate the results, we made a comparison between a standard state feedback control and reliable h infinite robust control. The simulation results shows, that the system in case of technical placements poles loses classic performance in the presence of an outage, that the reliable centralized robust control remain satisfactory performance even in the presence of outage.

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Experimental Verification

Comparative Performance Evaluation of Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Experimental Verification

A New Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Neural Networks and Incremental Conductance for Wind Energy Conversion System

This work presents a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for the connection of the wind turbine system (WT) to the synchronous permanent magnet generator (PMSG). To search the maximum power of the wind turbine, we have proposed a new MPPT which combines two techniques: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and incremental conductance (IncCond) method. The advantage of ANN-based WT model method is the fast MPP approximation base on the ability of ANN according the parameters of WT that used. The advantage of IncCond method is the ability to search the exactly MPP based on the feedback voltage. In our case the ANN is employed to predict the maximum voltage of the WT, under different values of wind speed, and the control of DC–DC boost converter operation is executed by applying incremental conductance (IncCond) technique. The proposed system includes a wind turbine associated to a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a rectifier and a DC-DC converter with MPPT control. The proposed algorithm is tested under MATLAB SIMULINK.

FE-Aided Synchronization Analysis of Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motors

Since line-start synchronous permanent magnet motors (LSPMs) entered the market, they have attracted research interest toward counterpart induction motors of low power-ratings. This paper reports an investigation of line-start synchronous reluctance motors (LS-SynRMs). LS-SynRMs has not been investigated as much as LSPMs have. A motor needs to maximize rotor saliency to achieve high efficiency and a high power-factor. This results in complicated rotor geometry because the rotor cage and multiple flux barriers share the same rotor space. This paper provides an approximate method based on steady state torque analysis by which to estimate the critical inertia of a LS-SynRM. A finite element analysis (FEA)-aided analytical approach to the approximation of steady state torque is proposed to replace the more typical approach based on equivalent circuit parameters. The critical inertia resulting from the proposed method is compared to the results obtained using the FEA.

PEMODELAN GENERATOR YANG EFEKTIF YANG DIPASANGKAN DENGAN IMPACT WRENCH SEBAGAIUSAHA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH

The amount of waste can be overcome, some efforts are needed to reduce it. This research will focus on the numerical model of a solid waste power plant. Researchers replace turbine with an impact which have a specification certain pressure, the impact rotates the generator The purpose of this research is to get the rms voltage of a generator, where the generator is a generator capable of supplying a rms voltage. This effort is made to convert waste energy into electrical energy. Generators which are the main topic in this research are synchronous generators and permanent magnet generators. Water with a mass of requires a temperature of to provide the required stress, while water with a mass of , its temperature is Water with a mass of requires a temperature of to provide the required voltage, while water with a mass of has a temperature of . For a water mass of , a temperature of , the synchronous rotor speed is , the rms voltage is . To reach the rms voltage of , the rotor on the generator must rotate at a synchronous speed of .
 
 
 

Analysis and Prediction of Cogging Torque and ripples in output Torque of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Permanent magnet (PM) motors are rapidly replacing the squirrel cage induction motors for its energy efficient operation, smooth control and high power density. Although PM Motors are energy efficient, they are inherently affected by cogging torque and torque ripple. Magnetic alignment between teeth of stator and permanent magnet of rotors produce cogging torque. Torque ripple is a dynamic oscillation during steady-steady operation which leads to various mechanical anomalies like vibration, noise and rotor stress. Torque ripple is produced in PM motors because of non-sinusoidal distribution of flux, saturation, improper selection of slots etc., these ill effects will deteriorate the starting and steady-state performance of motors. So it is very vital to make analysis and prediction of cogging torque and torque ripples to make the motor more effective. Now a day's minimizing the torque ripples and cogging torque are gaining importance in PM motor designs. In this proposed work, the cogging torque analysis and torque ripple analysis of permanent magnet motor and line start permanent magnet motor has been done and reported.

Comparative Study on Performance of Aeronautical ISG Based on Brushless Synchronous Generator and PMSG

In this paper, the simulation analysis and research on the starting and generating system based on two-stage brushless synchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor are respectively carried out, and the brushless synchronous motor AC/DC mixed excitation scheme is proposed. The starting operation adopts vector control, and the output voltage precision is improved by adjusting the excitation voltage of the exciter. A permanent magnet synchronous motor starting and generating system is constructed, and the control of starting and generating is realized by using vector control based on SVPWM, the results show that the permanent magnet synchronous motor has fast starting speed, good dynamic and static performance, high power supply quality and simple hardware composition, which reduces the complexity of the control system and is convenient for engineering implementation.

Control of a Wind Power Plant with a Synchronous Permanent Magnet Generator and a Magnetic Variator

Currently, the use of wind power plants with magnetic speed reduction is beginning to develop in the world literature. Features of the application of these systems in combination with a wind power plant allows you to solve the issue of its interface with the electric power system. The controlled flexible connection between the turbine and the generator makes it possible to coordinate the control of the load angle of the synchronous generator. In this paper, we consider a developed controller that provides integrated control of a wind turbine with a magnetic variator with a variable pitch of the blade angle and a variable speed of rotation of the wind turbine. A promising direction for the construction of wind power systems is currently the use of electromagnetic variators as part of wind power plants. This work is devoted to the study of electric power systems that include wind turbines with electromagnetic variators. The variator is built between the wind turbine and the generator, instead of a mechanical gearbox. The high-speed change in the torque of the electromagnetic variator allows you to keep the speed of the generator. Due to the inherent non-linearity of the wind turbine and CVT, a set of operational and emergency modes was defined and then the controller was designed for each operating point. In addition, the aerodynamic torque and effective wind speed are estimated online and a planned variable schedule for the controller implementation is obtained. Was tested by simulating with MATLAB/Simulink

The Formula SAE Electric Vehicle Competition: A High-Torque Density Permanent Magnet Motor

The formula sae, or formula student, is an international vehicle design competition carried out by university students. This article deals with a fractional-slot synchronous permanent magnet (PM) machine designed to be mounted in the wheel hub of an electric vehicle (EV). By adopting an outer ironless rotor topology, a Halbach array magnet structure, and light materials, a low rotor inertia and a high-torque density are achieved. The results described in this article provide a quantitative assessment of the achievable torque density for small motors.

Design of an Energy Efficient Line-Start Two-Pole Ferrite Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Water Pumps

Electric motors used for irrigation applications contribute to a major part of worldwide energy demand. Efficiency improvement of motors used in these applications is the need of the hour. Usually, line-start (LS) induction motors are used in these applications. However, they are relatively inefficient compared to permanent magnet (PM) motors. On the other hand, PM motors have high initial cost compared to induction motors. In view of this, magnet-less machines like synchronous reluctance motors (SyRM) and PM assisted SyRM are being preferred. SyRM has poor power factor compared to induction motor and hence PM assisted SyRMs are becoming popular. In this article, a 2-pole multi-barrier LS ferrite assisted SyRM is proposed for a bore-well submersible water pump. Two-pole rotor geometry is not extensively studied for LS SyRMs. Further, the issues of ferrite magnet demagnetization for 2-pole LS applications are not explored. A separate cage is avoided by utilizing the rotor flux barriers as a cage, thereby reducing the number of ribs while housing the magnets. This improves the power factor and efficiency of proposed motor. Analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) are used for design of the proposed motor. Further, a prototype is fabricated and experimental results are presented.

Indirect Vector-Controlled Brushless Doubly-Fed Twin-Stator Induction Generator for Wind Energy Conversion Application

Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) seem certain to play a major part in the world’s energy future due to their known high power capacity. The maximum power tracking is unavoidable due to the wind velocity variation and the non-linear relation with the turbine mechanical power. Commercial wind turbines are commonly coupled to either doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), wound rotor synchronous generators (WRSG) or permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). The DFIG-based WECS has several advantages over others. One of which is the power converter in such systems only deals with rotor power, hence the converter rating can run at reduced power rating. However, DFIG has the famous disadvantage of the presence of slip rings which leads to increased maintenance costs and outage times. Hence, brushless doublyfed induction machines (BDFIMs) can be considered as a viable alternative at the penalty of complicated controller requirement and limited decoupling control capability due to the machine’s non-linearity. In this paper, an enhanced performance indirect vector controller is proposed for WECS based on brushless doubly-fed twin-stator induction generator (BDFTSIG). The presented controller offers (i) simplified implementation, (ii) decoupled active-reactive power control, and (iii) a wide range of operation. The proposed controller performance is investigated under various loading conditions showing enhanced transient and minimal steady-state oscillations in addition to complete active/reactive power decoupling. The rigorous simulation and experimental results verify the claimed controller effectiveness under all possible operating conditions for sub- and super-synchronous speed range.

Comparative Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Low-Power Industrial Applications

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have superior features such as less volume and weight, long-life, high performance compared to induction motors. In this study, a comparative design of PMSMs is provided by considering a 2.2 kW induction motor nameplate parameters which is commonly used in industrial applications. A parametric analysis is used in order to design stator slot and magnet geometries of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous (SPM) and Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Motors to get the high efficiency, low torque ripple. Ansys@Maxwell-2D software using time stepping finite element method is utilized to verify the advantages of designed motors compare to induction motors. In addition, material consumptions of both PMSMs and induction motor are compared to show the effectiveness of proposed motors in mechanically. It is shown that designed SPM and IPM motors have higher efficiency, lower torque ripple and volume than that of induction motors.

LINE-START SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Advancements in power electronics that contributed to the easier starting of synchronous permanent magnet motors have increased the significance of this type of motors, widely known as not–self-starting motors. However, power electronics, which is necessary, for the starting of the synchronous motor contributed also to the complexity of this type of motor drives as well as to increased operational and maintenance cost. The line-start synchronous motors have gained the popularity during recent years as a viable alternative to asynchronous motors due to an easy line starting similar to the asynchronous motors and good operational parameters such as high efficiency and power factor. The paper presents the design of a line-start synchronous motor, derived from an asynchronous motor, by redesigning the rotor with flux barriers and permanent magnets. The computer models for calculating parameters and operating characteristics of both motors were modeled and the accuracy of the obtained results was verified by comparison with experimental data. Motor transient characteristics of speed, current and torque for the line starting of the both motors, when they were fed with the voltage from the network, were determined as well. The obtained transient characteristics of both motors were compared and adequate conclusions regarding line starting of both motors were derived. The newly derived synchronous motor for line starting has good operational characteristics such as increased efficiency, power factor and starting torque compared with the respected parameters of the asynchronous motor, good transient and steady-state operating characteristics and good dynamic response at sudden load change.