Symptoms Of Sleep-related Disorders Research Articles

IoT-Based Unobtrusive Sensing for Sleep Quality Monitoring and Assessment

Aging population is a worldwide trend, which has created a societal crisis as many countries face the challenges of supporting an aging population with increasing costs of healthcare and decreasing numbers of caregivers. Sleep related disorders are common diseases, especially among the elderly. In this paper, we propose a simple and affordable unobtrusive sensing environment including a high-sensitive accelerometer on a bed and passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors in every room, following the generic framework of Internet of Health Things (IoHT) for monitoring the elderly's sleep-wake conditions, to assess their sleep quality. The environment is nonintrusive, comfortable and can be used for long-term sleep monitoring, detecting early symptoms of sleep related disorders, and responding to caregivers. We implement and pilot test the environment under different daily living situations related to sleep quality. We develop a feature extraction algorithm and applied five popular data analytics models to assess their relative performance. Our study shows that all classifiers except Naïve Bayes can effectively detect sleep quality with the Area under ROC curve (AUC) performance higher than 90%. Among which multilayer feed-forward neural network achieved the best results, in which the detecting sensitivity is up to 96.61%, specificity is 91.81% and AUC performance is 94.21%.

Assessment of Sleep-Related Disorders in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

Sleep-related disorders (SRDs) are common in sickle cell disease, however, identification may be time-consuming. Simultaneous survey of multiple SRDs utilizing a simplified instrument would facilitate screening. A simplified questionnaire investigating SRDs [sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), restless legs syndrome (RLS), insomnia, parasomnias, and daytime effects of disrupted sleep] was administered to 2–18-year-old children with sickle cell disease. One hundred participants completed this 5–7 minute survey without difficulties: 54 awoke unrefreshed, 41 had short-term insomnia, 30 had sleep-maintenance insomnia, 21 had chronic sleep-onset insomnia, 54 had chronic habitual snoring and 11 met the criteria for RLS. Sleep-maintenance insomnia was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001), and chronic sleep-onset insomnia was associated with higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels (p = 0.04). Survey-reported symptoms of SRDs were significantly higher than that reported in the general pediatric population. A fast and simplified SRD survey is feasible and suggests a high prevalence of SRDs in children with sickle cell disease.

Early Myocardial Functional Alterations in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

There is limited information regarding myocardial alterations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in the absence of pulmonary and cardiac comorbidity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate potential myocardial alterations of these patients and investigate the possible effects of OSAS-related pathological variations on left and right ventricular functions. We studied 107 consecutive patients who were referred to our sleep laboratory for clinically suspected OSAS and 30 controls without any history or symptoms of sleep-related disorders. Severity of OSAS was quantified by polysomnography. Patients with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) < 5 were included in the OSAS (-) group (Group 1, n = 22). Subjects with AHI > or = 5 were considered as OSAS and classified according to their AHI as mild-to-moderate (AHI > or = 5 and AHI < 30) (Group 2, n = 45) and severe (AHI > or = 30) OSAS groups (Group 3, n = 40). Conventional M-mode, 2D, and Doppler mitral inflow parameters, tissue Doppler velocities, myocardial peak systolic strain, and strain rate values of various segments were measured and compared between groups. Patients with OSAS displayed impairment of left ventricular diastolic function compared with controls. There were no significant differences between groups regarding parameters reflecting left ventricular systolic function. Myocardial strain analysis demonstrated significant decrement regarding apical right ventricular longitudinal peak systolic strain and strain rate values between groups in relation to the severity of OSAS. Patients with OSAS display a regional pattern of right ventricular dysfunction correlated with the severity of disease.