Symptoms Of Micronutrient Deficiencies Research Articles

Managing Micronutrient Deficiencies in High-Risk Patients: No Small Feat!

Micronutrients are vital dietary components for growth and development. Adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through diet is crucial for proper biomolecular and cellular functioning. Many developed countries supplement foods and micronutrient deficiencies are less common. However, many disease states impair micronutrient absorption, metabolism, and excretion. Thus, early recognition of the signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies is critical for providers to improve quality of life and prevent complications in high-risk patients. This article reviews the basic function of micronutrients, recognizes the symptoms of each micronutrient deficiency, provides natural sources of intake, and discusses the diagnosis and supplementation of each micronutrient. High risk patients based on disease state for each micronutrient is discussed. In addition, Bariatric patients are a specific group at high risk of micronutrient deficiency and their management and supplementation for treatment is also covered. Micronutrients play a vital role in antioxidant defense, especially in critically ill patients, due to an increase in oxidative stress. Early intervention with high-dose supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium may have beneficial effects. Micronutrients deficiency remains an issue for patients in the developed world. Providers should recognize patients who are at high risk for micronutrients deficiencies and provide proper screening and prompt supplementation after diagnosis to prevent complications of micronutrient deficiencies.

A review on soil fertility and soybean yield improvement by managing micronutrients

The importance of micronutrients to plant growth is comparable to that of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, even though they are required at much lower concentrations. They are necessary for the process of cell division, the development of meristematic tissue, photosynthesis, respiration, the transfer of energy and nucleotides, and the overall growth of plants. Although plants only require very modest levels of micronutrients for optimal growth and productivity, the absence of these nutrients disrupts a wide variety of physiological and metabolic processes. It is necessary for plants to receive specific amounts of micronutrients in specific forms at specific times in order for them to grow and develop to their full potential. Lack of micronutrients in the soil significantly reduces soybean production. This article evaluates and summaries information on micronutrient utilization in soybeans at global level. We discussed micronutrient deficiency symptoms and their impact on soybean yields. Micronutrient application methods and dosages are also considered. This study compiled information on micronutrient use in soybean to better understand its impact on fertility, soil health, and grain yield.

Priming With Silicon: A Review of a Promising Tool to Improve Micronutrient Deficiency Symptoms.

Priming consists of a short pretreatment or preconditioning of seeds or seedlings with different types of primers (biological, chemical, or physical), which activates various mechanisms that improve plant vigor. In addition, stress responses are also upregulated with priming, obtaining plant phenotypes more tolerant to stress. As priming is thought to create a memory in plants, it is impairing a better resilience against stress situations. In today’s world and due to climatic change, almost all plants encounter stresses with different severity. Lots of these stresses are relevant to biotic phenomena, but lots of them are also relevant to abiotic ones. In both these two conditions, silicon application has strong and positive effects when used as a priming agent. Several Si seed priming experiments have been performed to cope with several abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, alkaline stress), and Si primers have been used in non-stress situations to increase seed or seedlings vigor, but few has been done in the field of plant recovery with Si after a stress situation, although promising results have been referenced in the scarce literature. This review pointed out that Si could be successfully used in seed priming under optimal conditions (increased seed vigor), to cope with several stresses and also to recover plants from stressful situations more rapidly, and open a promising research topic to investigate, as priming is not an expensive technique and is easy to introduce by growers.

Micronutrient deficiency affects the development of the seedlings of the cagaita, a Myrtaceae typical of the Brazilian Cerrado

Cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.) plants are highly dependent on the micronutrient iron during their early development stages. Given this, we tested the hypothesis that initial seedling development is affected by a lack of specific micronutrients. We planted seedlings of this species in standard hydroponic solution, and in individual treatments, in which B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn or Mo were omitted. The development of symptoms of micronutrient deficiency in response to the different treatment solutions was monitored visually for 120 days after transplantation, and growth parameters and the content of different nutrients in the plant tissue were determined. The deficiency of the micronutrient Mo was the treatment with the greatest effect on seedling growth. The most commonly observed symptoms of nutrient deficiency were chlorosis and necrosis (Cu and Zn deprivation) and impaired root hair development (Fe and Cu deprivation). Overall, Fe was the micronutrient that accumulated most in the stems and roots of the seedlings exposed to the standard nutrient solution, which confirms the importance of the availability of this nutrient in the initial stages of seedling development for the production of healthy cagaita plants, with greater viability.

Micronutrient malnutrition profile of infants in South India

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of infants in Ramanathapuram district of Tamilnadu. The present study comprised a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in seven taluks of the Ramanathapuram district. A total of 2800 infants (<1year of age) comprising of 1400 male and 1400 female infants were selected from all the seven taluks of the Ramanathapuram district at random. Anthropometric parameters such as weight, crown heel length, head circumference, arm circumference and chest circumference were measured using standardised procedures. Clinical examinations for the manifestation of micronutrient deficiency signs were performed. Biochemical estimations of serum haemoglobin, vitamin A and urinary iodine were estimated for 5% of the infants. Low birth weight was obeserved among 33.5% of the infants, with 1.6% weighing <1500g. Being underweight (35.4%), stunting (29.6%) and wasting (18.9%) were also obeserved among the infants. Different forms of clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies were obeserved among 21.3% and 27.4% of the male and female infants. Subclinical deficiency of haemoglobin, vitamin A and iodine were obeserved among 67.1%, 52.1% and 32.9% of the infants, respectively. Micronutrient deficiencies pertaining to the 'Big 3', namely vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders and iron deficiency anaemia are still common among the infants of Ramanathapuram district, leading to the need for effective intervention measures.

Nutritional Deficiencies Associated to Bariatric Surgery

AbstractObesity is an epidemic disease, increasingly addressed through surgical options for weight loss. Benefits of these surgical procedures, such as weight loss and improvement of obesity-related co-morbidities, are well established. However, postoperative complications do occur. Deficiencies in micronutrients, which include water and fat-soluble vitamins and minerals, are common after bariatric surgery. Recognition of the clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies is important to minimize long-term adverse effects.

Acúmulo de micronutrientes em tango em função do número de hastes cultivadas

O cultivo de tango no país é recente, sendo importante o conhecimento sobre suas exigências nutricionais para obtenção de melhor manejo da cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de micronutrientes em plantas de tango submetidas a diferentes sistemas de condução. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, disposto em esquema fatorial (3x7), com três repetições. Cada unidade experimental foi constituída por um vaso contendo três plantas. Os tratamentos foram representados pelo sistema de condução da planta (uma, duas e três hastes por planta) e sete épocas de colheita [0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 e 90 dias após plantio (DAP)]. Nas primeiras oito semanas de cultivo, as plantas foram mantidas sob dias longos (DL) com 16 horas de luz, sendo 4 horas por meio de luz artificial para promover o crescimento vegetativo. As plantas foram fertirrigadas com 30 mL de solução nutritiva nos 30 primeiros dias após transplante e com 50 mL nos 60 dias posteriores. A fertirrigação foi alternada com a irrigação, de acordo com a necessidade das plantas. Os sistemas de condução não proporcionaram diferença no acúmulo de massa seca das folhas. Não foram observados sintomas de deficiência e toxidez de micronutrientes nas folhas de tango durante o período analisado. O acúmulo de micronutrientes nas folhas acompanhou o incremento de massa seca durante todo o ciclo, obedecendo à ordem: Mn&gt;Fe&gt;B&gt;Zn&gt;Cu.

Characterization of nutrient deficiency in Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings by omitting micronutrients from the nutrient solution

Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Mangaba tree) is a fruit tree belonging to the Apocynaceae family and is native to Brazil. The production of seedlings of this species is limited by a lack of technical and nutritional expertise. To address this deficiency, this study aimed to characterize the visual symptoms of micronutrient deficiency and to assess growth and leaf nutrient accumulation in H. speciosa seedlings supplied with nutrient solutions that lack individual micronutrients. H. speciosa plants were grown in nutrient solution in a greenhouse according to a randomized block design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of a group receiving complete nutrient solution and groups treated with a nutrient solution lacking one of the following micronutrients: boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo). The visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency were generally easy to characterize. Dry matter production was affected by the omission of micronutrients, and the treatment lacking Fe most limited the stem length, stem diameter, root length, and number of leaves in H. speciosa seedlings as well as the dry weight of leaves, the total dry weight, and the relative growth in H. speciosa plants. The micronutrient contents of H. speciosa leaves from plants receiving the complete nutrient solution treatment were, in decreasing order, Fe&gt;Mn&gt;Cu&gt;Zn&gt;B.

Disponibilidade de zinco para mudas de eucalipto em solos de Cerrado

No Brasil, com a expansão da silvicultura clonal, o plantio de materiais genéticos mais produtivos e exigentes nutricionalmente tem aumentado o aparecimento de sintomas de deficiência de micronutrientes, principalmente de B, e, mais recentemente, de Cu e de Zn, sobretudo em áreas de Cerrado. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar três métodos de determinação da disponibilidade de Zn (Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e DTPA pH 7,3) para mudas de eucalipto cultivadas em casa de vegetação, em amostras de seis solos de Cerrado, bem como a influência de propriedades do solo na eficiência desses extratores. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no esquema fatorial 6 x 5, correspondendo a seis solos e cinco doses de Zn (0, 2,5, 5, 10 e 20 mg dm-3), com quatro repetições, em blocos ao acaso. Os níveis críticos de Zn em solos de Cerrado, para o crescimento de mudas de eucalipto, são iguais ou inferiores a 0,23 e 0,05 mg dm-3, pelos extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA, respectivamente. Os teores de Zn no solo pelos três extratores, assim como os teores e conteúdo na planta, aumentam com a elevação das doses adicionadas de Zn e são altamente correlacionados entre si. A avaliação da disponibilidade de Zn para mudas de eucalipto pode ser feita com qualquer um dos três extratores; entretanto, o Mehlich-1 é o mais recomendado, pela facilidade operacional deste método em relação aos outros e por ele já ser usado na grande maioria dos laboratórios do país.

INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED PHOSPHORUS LEVELS IN NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON MICRONUTRIENT UPTAKE AND DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM DEVELOPMENT IN STRAWBERRY CULTURED WITH FERTIGATION SYSTEM

The relationship between the total amount of micronutrients absorbed by the above-ground plant tissue and the occurrence of visible micronutrient deficiency symptoms in two strawberry cultivars as influenced by elevated phosphorus (P) levels in fertigation solution was investigated. The plants were cultured with a fertilizer solution containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 mM P and tissue nutrient content were determined at 120 days after transplanting. Young leaves of the plants grown with nutrient solution P levels higher than 4 mM and 2 mM, respectively, in ‘Keumhyang’ and ‘Seonhong’, developed interveinal chlorosis. Tissue concentrations (mg·kg−1 dry weight) of metallic micronutrients [iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)] in both cultivars did not decrease, but the total amount absorbed by the aboveground plant tissue decreased in the treatments in which nutrient deficiencies were observed. These results indicate that total amount of micronutrients is a better indicator of P-induced micronutrient deficiency.

Produtividade de cebola influenciada pela aplicação de micronutrientes

A aplicação excessiva de fertilizantes, o uso de corretivos da acidez sem critérios técnicos adequados e o monocultivo são práticas comuns na região cebolicultora catarinense, e isso tem contribuído para o aparecimento de sintomas visuais de deficiências nutricionais, principalmente de micronutrientes. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de B, Zn e Mn na produtividade e na conservação de bulbos de cebola. Foram conduzidos três experimentos independentes, em campo, sendo um para cada nutriente, no município de Ituporanga, SC, de 2006 a 2009. Em cada experimento, os tratamentos consistiram de aplicações do micronutriente ao solo e de pulverizações foliares. As doses aplicadas ao solo variaram de 0 a 4 kg ha-1 para Zn, de 0 a 4,4 kg ha-1 para B e de 0 a 15,6 kg ha-1 para Mn. As pulverizações foliares, em número de seis a cada ano, foram realizadas a cada 14 dias, nas concentrações de 0,5 % de sulfato de zinco, de 0,25 % de ácido bórico e de 1,0 % de sulfato de manganês. A aplicação de Zn ao solo aumentou a produtividade de bulbos nas três safras, cujos incrementos variaram de 10 a 14,5 %. A dose de Zn que proporcionou a máxima produtividade de bulbos variou de 2,7 kg ha-1, na safra 2006/2007, para uma produtividade de 22,3 t ha-1, até a quantidade estimada de 4,5 kg ha-1, na safra 2008/2009, para produtividade de 35,6 t ha-1. A aplicação de Mn e de B, independentemente do modo de aplicação, e as pulverizações foliares com Zn não influenciaram a produtividade de cebola em nenhuma safra. A qualidade dos bulbos, avaliada por meio da ausência de deterioração durante 145 dias de armazenamento, não foi influenciada pela adição de Zn, B ou Mn. Assim, é importante aplicar Zn para a produção de bulbos de cebola em Cambissolos catarinenses, mesmo naqueles em que o teor desse nutriente no solo esteja acima do nível crítico considerado para os solos da região, provavelmente, em função da exigência da cultura.

Caracterização de sintomas visuais de deficiência de micronutrientes em tomateiro do grupo salada

The aim of this research work was to characterize the visual symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies of tomato plants. A greenhouse experiment with nutrient solutions was used with “Salada” group tomato hybrid plants. Treatments were as follows: complete, minus B, minus Zn, minus Mn, minus Mo, minus Fe, and minus Cu. Except the omission of Cu, the other omissions resulted in morphological alteration with peculiar symptoms. The symptoms occurred firstly and had highest intensity when either Fe or Zn was deficient. The sequence of symptoms was Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo and B. The Zn deficiency caused fruit cracking and the B omition caused blossom-end rot.

IDHA Chelates as a Micronutrient Source for Green Bean and Tomato in Fertigation and Hydroponics

The new biodegradable chelating agent imidodisuccinic acid (IDHA) has been studied for its application in agriculture. This study was conducted to compare the efficiency of mixed IDHA and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) formulations to provide Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu to green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Perfección negra polo’) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. ‘Shiren’) plants grown in greenhouses in soil‐less and soil cultures in fertigation conditions. The effect on micronutrient concentrations, SPAD index and fruit yield were investigated. In the green bean experiment, control (no chelate applied) plants showed important micronutrient deficiency symptoms and growth reduction, while IDHA treated plants were healthy. Although EDTA provides micronutrients in higher amounts than IDHA, a chryptogamic infection was observed for this treatment but not for the IDHA one. In the tomato grown on rockwool experiment, increments of SPAD index and Zn concentration are higher in plants treated with IDHA than with EDTA, though for the tomato on soil mulch experiment no differences were found among treatments, even the control. The results are in agreement with previously published studies on the behavior of IDHA. The new chelating agent IDHA can substitute EDTA in hydroponics and fertigation cultures as a chelating agent for micronutrients.

Efeito de deficiência de micronutrientes no estado nutricional da mamoneira cultivar Iris

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar os sintomas visuais de deficiência de micronutrientes e avaliar efeitos desses micronutrientes no estado nutricional da mamoeira. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando-se solução nutritiva, de fevereiro a junho de 2003. Foram utilizadas plantas de mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) do híbrido comercial Íris. Os tratamentos foram: completo, omissão de B, omissão de Cu, omissão de Fe, omissão de Mn, omissão de Mo e omissão de Zn. A omissão de B, Fe e Mn resultou em sintomas característicos de deficiência. Os sintomas se desenvolveram primeiramente em plantas deficientes em Fe ou Mn, seguidas das deficientes em boro. A produção de matéria seca foi afetada na seguinte ordem: Fe&gt;Mn&gt;B. Tanto as folhas superiores como as inferiores refletem o estado nutricional da mamoneira em relação a B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn. O teor de clorofila nas folhas, medido em unidades SPAD, foi influenciado pela omissão dos micronutrientes.

INFLUENCE OF TERBUFOS AND NICOSULFURON ON IRON CHLOROSIS AND GROWTH OF CORN

The larval stage of the spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica vigifera zeae), the Mexican corn rootworm, is a highly devastating pest of cornfields in Texas and the Southwest. A systemic organophosphate insecticide, standard release terbufos (ST), applied in row with the corn seed at planting, has been termed effective in reducing crop damage from the Mexican corn rootworm. However, recent field observations have indicated possible association of micronutrient deficiency symptoms with use of terbufos and over-the-top sulfonyl urea herbicides (nicosulfuron, primisulfuron) on crops such as corn. This experiment was conducted to determine if this systemic soil insecticide would affect plant metabolic activities as measured by nutrient deficiency chlorosis and plant growth. The study also involved testing a controlled release terbufos (CR) version of the same insecticide. Each soil insecticide was compared with and without foliar treatments with one of the sulfonyl urea herbicides (nicosulfuron) used in controlling grass-type weeds in corn. The greenhouse study was conducted on a Monteola sandy clay loam (Typic Pellusterts), which is a typical soil used in corn production in southern Texas. Standard release (ST) and CR forms of terbufos were compared at the label recommended rate (1.1 kg a.i./ha) and also at 2 kg a.i./ha. All materials were banded in the seed row at planting. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Early visual chlorosis ratings (7 days) and chlorophyll readings at 28 days indicated increased interveinal chlorosis with soil insecticide applications. Plants overcame these early effects with time and showed higher chlorophyll than untreated plants at 42 days. Depressed early plant growth and reduced tissue levels of certain micronutrients indicated these systemic insecticides both with and without over-the-top herbicide could be injurious during early stages of plant growth. However, the affected plants were able to overcome most of the effects later in the growing season. Tissue iron (Fe) concentrations were slightly reduced by terbufos alone and reduced further when nicosulfuron was applied. Zinc was reduced substantially by terbufos but appeared to not change when the over-the-top herbicide was included.

Hidden Hunger Among School Children In Ilocos Sur: An Assessment

The study was conducted among 270 school children in Ilocos Sur randomly selectedfrom nine municipalities, namely: Sta. Catalina, Sto. Domingo, Cabugao, Santa, San Esteban, Candon, Lidlidda, Suyo, and Cervantes. It attempted to determine the factors that may lead to hidden hunger among school children in llocosSur. The study made use of the descriptive method of research wth a questionnaire checklist as the main instrument in data gathering. In-depth interview was done to as certain the presence of symptoms of Vit. A deficiency like night blindness and poor eyesight. Pupils who claimed to have poor eyesight and with Bitots spots were asked toread some letters at about 7-10 feet to further as certain such problem For the iodine determination of household salts, each respondent was asked to bring to school a tablespoon of their household salt for iodine content testing. A solution which is being used by the Department of Health (DOH) for testing was utilized. For iron deficiency, theconjunctival color was assessed for pallor. Likewise, to determine the pupils' nutritional status their height and weight were measured Frequency counts, percentages, and chisquare test were usedto treat the data. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were female, between 10-11 years old, and Roman Catholic. Less than one-half of the respondents' fathers were high school graduates while one-third of their mothers were college graduates. The respondents' parents hada monthly income of P40OI and above, derived from agricultural activities. Some respondents manifested signs and symptoms of Vit. A deficiency. Majority of the respondents had average weight but were overheight. Some manifested signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiency. The most common signs and symptoms identified were rough skin, poor eyesight, presence of Btots spots, and night blindness. Majority were found to have pale conjunctiva which is suggestive of iron deficiency. Majority were not using iodized salt which made them more prone to iodine deficiency. All the respondents ate snacks in between meals and majority of them preferred the combination of vegetable and meat for their viand.

Sintomas visuais de deficiência de micronutrientes e composição mineral de folhas em mudas de goiabeira

Com o objetivo de verificar os sintomas visuais de deficiência nutricional de micronutrientes e avaliar a composição mineral das folhas, conduziu-se um experimento em solução nutritiva. Os tratamentos foram assim constituídos: (1) solução completa (testemunha); (2) menos B; (3) menos Cu; (4) menos Fe; (5) menos Mn; (6) menos Mo; e (7) menos Zn. As soluções foram renovadas a cada 20 dias. As deficiências de boro, cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco resultaram na manifestação de sintomas visíveis e característicos. Esse fato não foi verificado com relação ao Mo. As concentrações de cada nutriente no terceiro par de folhas dos tratamentos deficientes e completo, em mg kg-1, foram respectivamente: B (7 e 43); Cu (2 e 6); Fe (55 e 117); Mn (5 e 23) e Zn (9 e 14). Foram verificadas algumas interações, como, Cu x Fe, Cu x Mn, Fe x B, Fe x Zn, Mn x Zn, B x Ca e B x P. A quantidade de matéria seca produzida apresentou redução em todos os tratamentos em que a solução nutritiva era omissa em um micronutriente, exceto naquele em que o Mo estava ausente.

Micronutrient status of crops in selected areas is Egypt

Abstract Reclamation of sandy and calcareous desert lands in. Egypt for intensive cropping has considerable effect on the fertilizer requirement for most crops. The yield records, together with frequent visual appearances of micronutrient deficiency symptoms on economically important crops were the main reasons for investigating the status of micronutrients in these areas by means of leaf and soil analyses. Sites were selected to represent sandy and calcareous soils in newly reclaimed areas as well as loamy alluvial ones in the Nile‐Valley and Delta. Over 10000 soil and leaf samples were collectes in the last 5 years to evaluate the soil/plant fertility status within the area. The major deficiencies were found to be of Fe Mn and Zn revealed in both soil and plant analyses. Regarding soil type effects, Fe‐deficiency dominated on calcareous soil, Zn‐deficit on the sandy soils and Mn‐deficiency mostly on alluvial soils. Leguminous crops were most sensitive to Fe‐deflciency whereas cereals; especially maize a...

Micronutrient deficiency symptoms of rice grown in nutrient culture solutions

Micronutrient deficiency symptoms of rice grown in nutrient culture solutions