Insulin Resistance Symptoms Research Articles

Prevalence of Contributing Factors Leading to the Development of Insulin Resistance Among Male Medical Students at a Private College in Saudi Arabia.

Background Insulin resistance can result from various genetic and lifestyle factors. Initially, symptoms of insulin resistance may not be readily noticeable, but as the condition progresses, individuals may start experiencing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the factors contributing to the development of insulin resistance among medical students at a private college in Saudi Arabia. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenient non-probability sampling technique, with a sample size of 241 participants. We employed validated questionnaires to gather information on physical activity, sleep, dietary habits, and stress. Specifically, we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form for assessing physical activity, the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) for evaluating sleep quality, the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) to gauge dietary patterns, and the stress questionnaire designed by the International Stress Management Association (ISMA) to measure stress levels. Additionally, we collected anthropometric measurements, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. We calculated prevalence using percentages and employed the chi-square test to analyze variables, with a significance level set at p-values <0.05. Results This study investigated risk factors associated with lifestyle, focusing on waist circumference as an indicator of insulin resistance. Our findings revealed that a majority of individuals with high waist circumference were physically inactive and more susceptible to stress, and this difference was statistically significant when compared to those with normal waist circumference. Additionally, we observed that sleep deprivation and poor nutrition were more prevalent among individuals with high waist circumference, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study highlights a high prevalence of elevated waist circumference, indicating insulin resistance, among medical students. Furthermore, it underscores the significant presence of well-known risk factors associated with insulin resistance within this population of medical students.

Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Students about Insulin Resistance Symptoms, Effect, and Treatment

The inability of the target organs to react appropriately to the action of insulin is known as insulin resistance. Insulin resistance impairs insulin-mediated glucose absorption in the peripheral (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue), which results in increased blood sugar levels and increase insulin demand.&#x0D; Aim: This study aims to assess medical students' knowledge and attitudes on the signs, consequences, and treatments of insulin resistance.&#x0D; Patients and methods: There were 160 medical students at Tikrit University in all, male and female. The average age of students in the primary stages was 20 years, while that of students in the clinical stages was 23 years old. The current study, which was conducted in 2023 at Tikrit University College of Medicine (TUCOM), is cross-sectional in nature. All data presented statically as percentage.&#x0D; Results: There are three forms of diabetes mellitus, according to 43.75 percent of medical students. One of the complications of DM, according to (90.63 %) of them, is vision problems. Diet modification and exercise were preferable than oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy.&#x0D; Conclusions: The study found that (75%) of medical students recognized the link between type 2 DM and insulin resistance, with clinical students showed a higher level of awareness in comparison with preclinical students.

Nuciferine relieves type 2 diabetes mellitus via enhancing GLUT4 expression and translocation

Nuciferine contained in lotus leaves have been confirmed to have the effect of ameliorating hyperlipemia and hyperglycemia. A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to track the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in L6 cells and the changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels in real time, and related protease inhibitors combined with western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of nuciferine. Meanwhile, KK-Ay mice, the spontaneous type 2 diabetic mice, were used to evaluate the in vivo activity of nuciferine. In this study, the in vitro studies indicated that nuciferine-induced GLUT4 translocation was regulated by G protein-PLC-PKC and AMPK pathways and nuciferine-enhanced intracellular Ca2+ was mediated by G protein-PLC-IP3-IP3R pathway, the increase in intracellular Ca2+ caused by nuciferine was not directly related to GLUT4 translocation, but both promote glucose uptake. The in vivo results suggested that nuciferine ameliorated weight gain induced by high-fat diet, abnormal lipid metabolism and the symptoms of insulin resistance in KK-Ay diabetic mice. Western blot results suggested that nuciferine increased AMPK and PKC phosphorylation levels in skeletal muscle and liver, and enhanced GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. Taken together, this research showed that nuciferine has the non-negligible potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ADULT ACNE: ITS CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES

Although acne is principally a disorder of adolescence, the prevalence of adult acne is increasing. Adult acne has been dened as the presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Acne in adult women may have different clinical features i.e., more involvement of lower face, association with hair loss, premenstrual are, signs and symptoms of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias. Various studies have shown that a signicant percentage of adult women with acne failed to respond to treatment with systemic antibiotics and isotretinoin which indicates a need for treatment alternatives with improved effectiveness and acceptable side effects for resistant acne. This study aims to study the different clinicoepidemiological features of adult acne.

Viscoelastic or Viscoplastic Glucose Theory (VGT #61): A Simplified Mathematical Model to Estimate Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Risk Probability Percentages and its Moving Trend over an ~7 Years Period from Y2015 to Y2022 using Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Chronic Inflammation, and Metabolism Index as the PC Risk’s 5 Contribution Factors Based on GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 649)

Recently, the author read a few published medical articles regarding pancreatic cancer (PC) and will outline some key information in the Introduction section. “Insulin resistance is an interrupted state in the biological response to insulin. It is reported that chronic hyperinsulinemia is associated with various types of cancer such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, and breast cancer (Reference 1). Symptoms of Insulin Resistance: Some signs of insulin resistance include a waistline over 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women; blood pressure readings of 130/80 or higher; and fasting glucose level over 100 mg/dL (Reference 2). (Note from the author: he had all of the above biomarker readings in 2010.) PC is a common cause of cancer-related death, due to difficulties in detecting early-stage disease, its aggressive behavior, and poor response to systemic therapy. Therefore, developing strategies for early diagnosis of resectable PC is critical for improving survival. Diabetes mellitus is another major public health problem worldwide. Furthermore, diabetes can represent both a risk factor and a consequence of PC: nowadays, the relationship between these two diseases is considered a high priority for research (Reference 3). Since its initial recognition in the 20th century, Pancreatic Cancer has always been considered a virtually incurable disease; likewise, the prognosis has not changed much in recent years, compounded by a worldwide increase in incidence [1,2]. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common malignancy of the exocrine pancreas, accounting for &gt; 90% of cases, with a very poor prognosis. In this review, we will focus exclusively on PDAC. Increasing evidence indicates the presence of a pathological link between obesity, diabetes, and PDAC (Reference 4).

Co-Adjuvancy of Solasodine & CoQ10 Against High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Rats Via Modulating IRS-I and PPAR-γ Proteins Expression.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which target cells become insensitive to normal insulin concentrations in order to deliver glucose. The goal of this study was to see if solasodine combined with coenzyme Q10 could help rats with insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating the expression of IRS-I and PPAR-γ proteins.One of the six groups (n=6) got a conventional diet for 16 weeks as a control (normal), the HFD was given to the other five groups for 16 weeks, which further classified as-one group as HFD control while others treated with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg), coenzyme Q10 (50 mg/kg), solasodine (50 mg/kg) and combination of solasodine and coenzyme Q10i.e. SDQ10 (total 50 mg/kg) for the last 4 weeks orally once daily. Blood and tissue samples were collected by the end of study period for the biochemical and histological studies. As a result, HFD fed rats exhibited a significant increase in food and energy intake, body mass index, kidney and pancreas weight, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin level, liver enzyme ALT and AST and decrease antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. HFD received animals also produced a lower level of p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein expression in western blot analysis. SDQ10 in combination successfully restored the above-mentioned complexity of insulin resistance caused by aHFD. Besides, increasesthe antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and normalized the architecture of kidney, pancreas and adipose tissue as well astreatment with SDQ10 raised the level of p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein in liver tissue. As a result, supplementing with solasodine and coenzyme Q10 reversed the effect of the HFD on p-IRS1 and PPAR-y protein in liver tissue while also alleviating insulin resistance symptoms.

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antidiabetic Properties of the Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

This study aimed to investigate the Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharides (PF40) physicochemical and antidiabetic characteristics. The ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectra, Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, zeta potential, surface characteristics, and conformational and thermal stability properties of PF40 were characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with Congo red test, revealed that PF40 powder has mainly existed in amorphous form with triple-helix conformation. The single-molecular structure of PF40 exhibited a multi-branched structure extending from the center to the periphery by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) scanning. The monosaccharide residue of PF40 was an α-pyranoid ring and exhibits good stability below 168 °C. Experimental studies on antidiabetic characteristics found that PF40 could significantly improve STZ-induced intestinal mucosal damage and reduce the apoptosis of villus epithelial cells. PF40 combined with metformin could significantly improve the symptoms of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats, the molecular mechanism might be through inhibiting the expression of RORγ protein and increasing Foxp3 protein in the jejunum of T2DM rats, and then restoring the STZ-induced imbalance of T helper 17(Th17)/ regulatory T cells (Treg) cells, thereby maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Results identified in this study provided important information regarding the structure and antidiabetic characteristics of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharides, which can contribute to the development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharides for industrial purposes in the future.

IDF21-0516 Long Term follow up of low dose metformin in prediabetic patients

Background: Diabetes is worldwide a major health issue; in 2019 there are 463 million people with Diabetes and models expect that these numbers rise till 578 million for the year 2030 and 700 million for the year 2045. Metformin is a well-recognised effective drug in the treatment of diabetes and prediabetes as well as other symptoms of insulin resistance. Due to metformin’s safety profile, the low costs, weight loss and cardiovascular benefits metformin has been selected as the first line drug in several major guidelines.

Effects of Bitter Melon and a Chromium Propionate Complex on Symptoms of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in Rat Models

Trivalent chromium (Cr) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L., BM) have been shown to independently interact with the insulin signaling pathway leading to improvements in the symptoms of insulin resistance and diabetes in some animal models and human subjects. The aim of this study was to examine whether the combination of the two nutritional supplements could potentially have additive effects on treating these conditions in high-fat-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experiment was conducted with 110 male Wistar rats divided into eleven groups and fed either a control or high-fat diet for 7 weeks. Half of the rats on the high-fat diet were injected with STZ (30 mg/kg body mass) to induce diabetes. The high-fat (HF) diets were then supplemented with a combination of Cr (as chromium(III) propionate complex, Cr3: either 10 or 50 mg Cr/kg diet) and bitter melon (lyophilized whole fruit: either 10 or 50 g/kg diet) for 6 weeks. After termination of the experiment, blood and internal organs were harvested for blood biochemical, hematological, and mineral (Cr) analyses using appropriate analytical methods. It was found that neither Cr(III) nor BM was able to significantly affect blood indices in HF and diabetic rats, but BM tended to improve body mass gain, blood glucose, and LDL cholesterol values, but decreased Cr content in the liver and kidneys of the Cr-co-supplemented type 2 diabetic model of rats. Supplementary Cr(III) had no appreciable effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat-fed STZ-induced diabetic rats. Supplementary BM fruit powder had some observable effects on body mass of high-fat-fed rats; these effects seem to be dampened when BM was co-administered with Cr. Cr(III) and BM appear to act as nutritional antagonists when both administered in food, probably due to binding of Cr by the polyphenol-type compounds present in the plant material.Graphical

Enhanced insulin receptor interaction by a bifunctional insulin-transferrin fusion protein: an approach to overcome insulin resistance

Bifunctional fusion protein design has been widely utilized as a strategy to increase the efficacy of protein therapeutics. Previously, we proposed a novel application of the bifunctional fusion protein design through the introduction of proinsulin-transferrin (ProINS-Tf) fusion protein as a liver-specific protein prodrug to achieve a glucose-lowering effect in type 1 diabetic mice. In this report, we studied the binding characteristics of this activated fusion protein to the insulin receptor to elucidate its mechanism in eliciting insulin receptor-mediated signaling. We found that, with the assistance of the transferrin moiety binding to the transferrin receptor, the activated ProINS-Tf exhibited significantly higher binding affinity to the insulin receptor compared with the native insulin, resulting in a prolonged and stronger Akt phosphorylation. This enhanced induction by activated ProINS-Tf overcame insulin resistance in palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. ProINS-Tf also demonstrated a better glucose-lowering effect than native insulin, even with a much lower dose and less frequent injections, in non-obese diabetic mice with insulin resistance symptoms. The activated ProINS-Tf, serving as a bivalent protein molecule, could be a new insulin analog to overcome insulin resistance, which is associated with several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Insulin resistance in athletes

Insulin resistance in athletes can be both advantageous and detrimental to performance. It is a complex genetic condition which increases with age, puberty, during pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, high body fat levels and with consumption of high GI foods.Early diagnosis and treatment of insulin resistance will improve weight control, energy, mood levels, athlete performance, extend an athletes career and prevent development of eating disorders. In women it can also restore menstruation, ovulation and fertility if PCOS also exists. Insulin resistance is present 10–40 years before the loss of insulin secretion occurs hence, additionally it will reduce the development of type 2 diabetes and heart diseaseDuring this presentation I will discuss the signs and symptoms of Insulin Resistance in athletes, metabolic effects, the advantage of the “thrifty gene” in the past hunter gatherer years and how it effects the modern athlete.In a study over of 700 athletes rowing and short-distance track athletes had significantly lower HOMA-IR values whilst archery and field-throwing athletes had significantly higher values than the control group. In one study on 119 Japanese male university athletes, 4.2% had insulin resistance with HOMA-IR ≥2.5. Other studies have shown that in NFL high school & university players 35–90% of offensive and defensive lineman have symptoms of insulin resistance.I will provide a number of case studies of Australian male and female athletes with insulin resistance from a variety of sports including golf, triathlon, swimming, and rugby league.When looking after our indigenous athletes it is crucial to examine this area as indigenous Australians are 7 times as likely to die from Diabetes as other Australians. Cathy Freeman is an example of high profile indigenous ex-athlete who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes not long after her retirement from elite sport.A positive diagnosis of insulin resistance or impaired glucose intolerance will not only improve an athletes performance but will also provide increased motivation to undertake lifestyle changes which can assist in delaying and/or preventing diabetes. Insulin resistance in athletes can be both advantageous and detrimental to performance. It is a complex genetic condition which increases with age, puberty, during pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, high body fat levels and with consumption of high GI foods. Early diagnosis and treatment of insulin resistance will improve weight control, energy, mood levels, athlete performance, extend an athletes career and prevent development of eating disorders. In women it can also restore menstruation, ovulation and fertility if PCOS also exists. Insulin resistance is present 10–40 years before the loss of insulin secretion occurs hence, additionally it will reduce the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease During this presentation I will discuss the signs and symptoms of Insulin Resistance in athletes, metabolic effects, the advantage of the “thrifty gene” in the past hunter gatherer years and how it effects the modern athlete. In a study over of 700 athletes rowing and short-distance track athletes had significantly lower HOMA-IR values whilst archery and field-throwing athletes had significantly higher values than the control group. In one study on 119 Japanese male university athletes, 4.2% had insulin resistance with HOMA-IR ≥2.5. Other studies have shown that in NFL high school & university players 35–90% of offensive and defensive lineman have symptoms of insulin resistance. I will provide a number of case studies of Australian male and female athletes with insulin resistance from a variety of sports including golf, triathlon, swimming, and rugby league. When looking after our indigenous athletes it is crucial to examine this area as indigenous Australians are 7 times as likely to die from Diabetes as other Australians. Cathy Freeman is an example of high profile indigenous ex-athlete who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes not long after her retirement from elite sport. A positive diagnosis of insulin resistance or impaired glucose intolerance will not only improve an athletes performance but will also provide increased motivation to undertake lifestyle changes which can assist in delaying and/or preventing diabetes.

POTENTIAL MARKERS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN HEALTHY VS OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT SUBJECTS

Insulin resistance can lead to the metabolic syndrome, which may have cardiovascular and metabolic consequences. The study aimed at verifying the serum concentration levels of the adipose tissue proteins adiponectin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (a-FABP) and acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and the potential use of these markers for early diagnosis of insulin resistance. Healthy subjects (Group A, n = 53), overweight subjects (Group B, n = 29) and obese subjects (Group C, n = 51) were studied. Those in Groups B and C had symptoms of insulin resistance. The subjects were selected based on clinical and laboratory findings. The concentrations of adiponectin were highest in the healthy subjects in Group A (14.18 ± 6.99 mg/), lower in the overweight subjects in Group B (11.12 ± 4.46 mg/l) and lowest in the obese subjects in Group C (8.15 ± 2.70 mg/l). The a-FABP values were lowest in Group A (20.23 ± 7.95 mg/l), higher in Group B (32.22 ± 15.56 mg/l) and highest in Group C (40.43 ± 23.31 mg/l). The concentrations of ASP were lowest in the Group A healthy subjects (43.01 ± 22.78 nmol/l), higher in the Group B overweight subjects (50.58 ± 25.57 nmol/l) and highest in the Group C obese subjects (54.70 ± 26.41 nmol/l). Statistically significant correlation coefficients in subjects from all groups among the markers studied describe the highest correlation is between a-FABP and BMI (r = 0.48), adiponectin and QUICKI (r = 0.42), adiponectin and triacylglycerols (r = -0.35), ASP and BMI (r = 0.33) and adiponectin and BMI (r = -0.31). The concentrations of all studied markers were different in the healthy subjects as compared to the overweight or obese ones. Adiponectin proved to be a good indicator of insulin sensitivity, the low concentration of which could signal the initial stage of insulin resistance. A-FABP proved to be a prominent marker of "adiposity" in association with the development of insulin resistance. ASP did not prove to show significant differences between the overweight and healthy subjects, but significant differences were found between the obese and healthy subject.