Symptoms Of Hysteria Research Articles

Correlates of Hysterical Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients

The correlations of symptoms of hysteria with 87 symptoms relevant for diagnosing schizophrenia were examined in a sample of 112 patients (70 women and 42 men whose mean age was 38.1 yr., SD = 9.8) with DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia. Hysterical symptoms were recorded in 37.5% of the schizophrenics. No significant relationships (phi coefficients) were found to key symptoms of schizophrenia.

The restless legs syndrome.

The first description of the restless legs syndrome (RLS) is attributed to Thomas Willis in the 'London Practice of Physick' of 1685 (Ekbom, 1960). Here he wrote 'wherefore to some, when being a bed they betake themselves to sleep, presently in the arms and leggs, leapings and contractions of their tendons, and so great a restlessness and tossings of their members ensue, that the diseased are no more able to sleep than if they were in a place of the greatest torture'. In 1861 Whittmaack used the term anxietas tibiarum to describe nocturnal discomfort of the legs, which he considered was a common symptom of hysteria (Ekbom, 1945). The same phenomenon was called 'impatience musculaire' in the French literature (Ekbom, 1944; Bonduelle, 1952) and the leg jitters by Allison (1943). Ekbom's earliest descriptions of the RLS distinguished a common form which he called 'asthenia crurum paraesthetica' from a painful variant 'asthenia crurum dolorosa' (Ekbom, 1946). He identified the first of these in 34 cases. Paraesthesia with deep calf and shin discomfort started only when the legs were at rest and necessitated that they were moved to provide relief. He postulated that pregnancy was an aetiological factor and in some patients he diagnosed prostatitis, testosterone deficiency and the burning feet syndrome due to malnutrition. Ask-Upmark noted the disorder as a late effect of gastrectomy (Ask-Upmark & Meurling, 1955) and on the basis of anecdotal evidence of postural dependence of symptoms, suggested the cause was vascular congestion ofthe spinal cord (AskUpmark, 1959). Some authors doubted the existence ofa distinct syndrome; Purdon-Martin (1946) believed the symptoms were due to acroparaesthesia and Masland (1947) that they were a manifestation of myokymia. By 1960 Ekbom had studied 175 people whom he had identified with restlessness of the legs. He found that 5% of normal psychiatrically stable individuals were disturbed by restless sensations, but also believed it was symptomatic of anaemia, certain infectious diseases, diabetes, cold exposure or those taking phenothiazine drugs (Ekbom, 1945, 1950, 1960). A diabetic patient whose symptoms vanished on the side of a recent leg amputation was presented as evidence for a peripheral origin (Ekbom, 1961) and Bornstein (1961) speculated about abnormal connections with the reticular system. In recent years neuroleptic-induced akathisia has been compared with idiopathic RLS. Akathisia was originally described in its uncommon idiopathic form by Haskovec (1901) and later in relation to Parkinson syndromes (Sicard, 1923) and drugs such as promethazine (Sigwald et al., 1947) and the phenothiazines (Steck, 1954). It is characterized by a state of mental and motor restlessness which is accompanied by an irresistible compulsion to physically move about. Restlessness of the legs is common and similar to that occurring in idiopathic RLS, but inner restlessness of the mind and body is peculiar to akathisia. Confusion between these two conditions explains why promethazine and prochlorperazine have been considered both cause and ineffective remedy of RLS.

Hysteria and antisocial personality. A single disorder?

Antisocial personality and hysteria have been thought to represent a single condition. Different clinical presentations for the disorders have been attributed to cultural stereotyping and diagnostic bias. The present study carefully examines detailed psychiatric histories taken from 560 nonpatient university students. Diagnoses of antisocial personality and hysteria are based on the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research of Feighner et al. Interviewer bias is avoided. Both disorders were present in both sexes. Hysteria was more common for women, whereas antisocial personality occurred more frequently in men. The two disorders presented with nearly equal frequency in men. Hysteria was more frequent and antisocial personality was less frequent in women than in men. The two disorders were associated for women but not for men. Specific symptoms of antisocial personality were associated with hysteria and were identified. Specific symptoms of hysteria were associated with antisocial personality, differed in some respects between men and women, and demonstrated more symptoms of depressive illness for female sociopaths. Antisocial personality, hysteria, and their combinations considered together as a possible single entity occurred with equal frequency for both sexes.

Emotional factors contributing to facial paralysis.

ABSTRACT:In 7 of 44 patients, emotional trauma preceded the onset of facial paralysis. The changes in the facial nerve varied from physiological block to complete degeneration. Detailed historical reviews of the patients' emotional, vocational and marital backgrounds indicated basic inadequacies in their pre‐morbid personalities. All the patients appeared to have adjusted fairly well to their environment; yet, under intense emotional stress, each reacted in a similar manner. Severe anxiety, depression, and symptoms of hysteria were observed on psychological examination. The data suggest that a severe emotional crisis may be an etiological factor in facial paralysis.

Neurogenic (Hysteroid) Motor Disorders in Hamadryas Baboons

Pavlov's teaching on experimental neuroses is of prime importance for gaining insight into human neurosis. Pavlov devoted special attention to hysteria (1). His concept of the possibility of creating a model of this human neurosis in dogs was not constant, although the reproduction of individual symptoms of hysteria, especially of paralytic motor disorders, is an indisputable experimental fact, and can be explained within the framework of the principles of higher nervous activity established with respect to dogs.

Toxic factor from agonized proteins; methionine as the essential reactant.

IN two recent publications1,2 we described the isolation from nitrogen trichloride-treated zein of a crystalline substance producing convulsive fits in rabbits at a dosage of approximately 2 mgm. Owing to shortage of material, it has not yet been possible to carry out extensive feeding trials on dogs; but in a single experiment a 10-kgm. dog given 20 mgm. of the crystalline substance developed all the symptoms of hysteria, including running and barking fits, in less than 18 hours, followed by violent convulsive fits.

REVIEW OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY FOR 1947

THIS year marks the passing of Pierre Janet. He died at the age of 87, having courageously passed through war and through family bereavement in the last few years. In 1906 he was invited to come to America to give a series of lectures at the opening of the new buildings of the Harvard Medical School. These lectures became his famous book, The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. 1 In 1936 he came back to Harvard's tercentenary and delivered a lecture, as full of sparkle and ideas as he was thirty years before. His work bridged the gap between centuries; with Freud and Meyer he brought psychologic medicine from its descriptive and classifying stage into its present dynamic state. His descriptions of psychic states were remarkable, but he was more interested in processes and in psychic developments. He did not believe in the arbitrary and artificial separation

The Hypnotic Treatment of the Major Symptoms of Hysteria: A Case Study

(1944). The Hypnotic Treatment of the Major Symptoms of Hysteria: A Case Study. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 269-297.

The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. Fifteen Lectures Given in the Medical School of Harvard University

The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. Fifteen Lectures Given in the Medical School of Harvard University

The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. Fifteen Lectures Given in the Medical School of Harvard University.By Pierre Janet, Ph. D., M. D. Member of the Institute of France, Professor of Psychiatry in the College de France. Second Edition With New Matter. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920.)

<i>The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. Fifteen Lectures Given in the Medical School of Harvard University.</i>By Pierre Janet, Ph. D., M. D. Member of the Institute of France, Professor of Psychiatry in the College de France. Second Edition With New Matter. (<i>New York: The Macmillan Company, 1920.</i>)

The Major Symptoms of Hysteria

The Major Symptoms of Hysteria

(1) Psychopathology of Everyday Life (2) The Unconscious The Fundamentals of Human Personality, Normal and Abnormal

(1) THERE has been a rapid growth of interest, during recent years, in the theoretical explanation and practical treatment of mental diseases, especially of those so-called “borderland” cases between the normal and the definitely insane. The problems involved have aroused vigorous controversy, and the most conflicting views have been put forward by different schools of thought. Among the exponents of these various doctrines two of the most distinguished are Prof. Freud, of Vienna, and Prof. Morton Prince, o£ America. Broadly stated, Freud's psychological system is based upon a fundamental distinction between two classes of memories and mental tendencies, viz., ordinary memories and tendencies and those that have for one reason or another been repressed. The latter are those involved in mental conflicts and accompanied by pain. They constitute the true “unconscious” of the mind. The other memories are classed by Freud as “pre-conscious.” Unconscious memories and mental tendencies retain their original intensity, and although outside of consciousness continue to act, and from time to time affect consciousness. “Like the shades in the Odyssey,” says Freud, “they come to life again as soon as they have drunk blood.” When especially intense, or when the repressing power of the mind is in one way or another diminished, they may produce the symptoms of hysteria and of other forms of mental disease. But they are also the cause of dreams in normal persons, and of the apparently unintentional mistakes in speech, writing, and other actions, to which we are all more or less subject when our attention is distracted. Freud tries to sustain this latter view in his “Psychopathology of Everyday Life.” He contends that the method of psychoanalysis,1 or free association, demonstrates conclusively that such slips of memory, speech, and writing are really intentional, and due to the concomitant working of unconscious mental tendencies. In his view the problem for psychology is not why we are able to remember, but why we come to forget, and his own solution of the problem is that we forget the unpleasant, except when special factors make this forgetting impossible. (1) Psychopathology of Everyday Life. By Prof. S. Freud. English Translation with Introduction by Dr. A. A. Brill. Pp. vii + 342. (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1914.) Price 12s. 6d. net. (2) The Unconscious. The Fundamentals of Human Personality, Normal and Abnormal. By Dr. M. Prince. Pp. xiv + 549. (New York: The Macmillan Co.; London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1914.) Price 8s. 6d. net.

THE RÔLE OF DREAMS IN ETIOLOGY

Interest in the subject of dreams has been especially stimulated since Freud enunciated his theory. As is well known, Freud claims to be able to unravel dreams by his so-called analytic method, and he further regards dreams as directly concerned in the production of various hysterical symptoms, phobias, obsessions and delusions. In his brochure Ueber dem Traum, and in his book Die Traumdeuting, he tells us that he reached new conclusions with regard to dreams when he applied to them the same method of psychologic research which he had previously applied to the solution of various morbid phenomena. It becomes necessary, therefore, in order that we may have clear conceptions, to briefly review the origin and nature of his method. Psycho-analysis, as is well known, began with Breuer's case of hysteria. Breuer and Freud stated that they found that the individual symptoms of hysteria immediately and permanently disappeared whenever they

Book Review: The Major Symptoms of Hysteria

Book Review: The Major Symptoms of Hysteria

HYSTERIA, ITS NATURE AND ITS POSITION IN NOSOLOGY.

This paper is prompted by the fact that of late various views have been enunciated which bear vitally on both the nature of hysteria and on its position in our nosology. It has seemed to me that the recent tendency has been to include under the term of hysteria symptoms that really belong to other affections, and further to apply interpretations that are fundamentally defective. Thus, a change in the personality such as gives rise to a multiple personality must certainly be admitted to be the exception and not the rule, and to claim disintegration as the essential feature of hysteria seems to me to be an error. It mistakes that which is merely an occasional epiphenomenon as the essential cause of the affection. Again the view that has lately been advanced by Babinski, that the symptoms of hysteria owe their origin entirely to suggestions from without, especially to suggestions

Psychology—General Introduction The Major Symptoms of Hysteria

THESE two books furnish yet one more proof—if further proof were needed at the present day—of the right of psychology to a place among the primary sciences. In Prof. Judd's book wTe have a concise and well-synthesised statement of the methods and principles of the science, in the form of a general introductory text-book; Dr. Pierre Janet shows the exclusive importance of those principles in the diagnosis and cure of a widespread disease. Psychology—General Introduction. By Dr. C. H. Judd. Pp. xii + 389. (New York: Charles Scrib-Price 7s. 6d. net. The Major Symptoms of Hysteria. By Dr. Pierre Janet. Pp. x + 345. (New York: The Macmillan Company London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1907.) Price 7s. 6d. net.

Review of The major symptoms of hysteria.

Review of The major symptoms of hysteria.

The Classical Symptoms of Hysteria

The Classical Symptoms of Hysteria

Delirium as a Symptom of Hysteria

Delirium as a Symptom of Hysteria

THE METHODS EMPLOYED IN EXAMINING THE EYES FOR THE DETECTION OF HYSTERIA.

Although much has been written regarding the value of the ocular signs and symptoms of hysteria in the diagnosis of that disease, I believe there is good reason for returning to several matters in this connection that seem to me of vital importance, especially as I do not think sufficient stress is commonly laid upon the means by which one must arrive at diagnostic conclusions. My own belief, after a somewhat extended acquaintance with this disease is, that, if one were to make a special study of that organ that most uniformly exhibits the evidence of hysteria, the eye would afford the most information, even more emphatically than the skin or the mucous membranes. On the other hand, anomalies of the general sensibility are probably more easily detected by the average individual (who methodically searches for them) than are ocular defects. But as the scientific observer omits no examination that