Symptoms Of Dysmenorrhea Research Articles

Hubungan Status Gizi Terhadap Keluhan Disminore Pada Mahasiswi Universitas Bali Dwipa

Women, especially teenagers, often experience dysmenorrhea during menstruation. The lower part of the stomach is where this discomfort occurs. The aim of this research is to find out how dietary status influences dysmenorrhea complaints in Bali Dwipa University students. The quantitative descriptive survey method was used in this research. The research sample obtained using a stratified sampling approach was 30 people from a total population of 43 people. The frequency distribution of each variable was analyzed and the chi square test was used to determine the relationship. Research findings show that nutritional status has an impact on female students' dysmenorrhea symptoms. This research aims to deepen understanding and serve as a guide for further research. Apart from that, it is believed that this research can provide further information which can then provide suggestions regarding solutions related to this problem, especially those related to dysmenorrhea complaints in female students.

Dysmenorrhea Among Women Living in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Determinants, and Impact.

Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is one of the most prevalent conditions among adolescents and young females globally, significantly affecting academic performance, quality of life, and social interactions. Despite its high prevalence, dysmenorrhea has been rarely investigated in Saudi Arabia, resulting in a scarcity of national data. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and determinants of dysmenorrhea among females in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 1026 participants recruited from various regions of Saudi Arabia using a convenience sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and associated symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Additionally, multiple logistic regression was employed to identify the determinants of dysmenorrhea within the sample. The analysis was performed using R software. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among the sample was 87%, with a mean pain score of 6 ± 2.2. Common menstrual cycle-associated symptoms included mood swings (79%), abdominal bloating (60%), diarrhea (32%), and constipation (26%). Factors associated with an increased risk of dysmenorrhea included Saudi nationality (OR = 1.96, p = 0.032), employment (OR = 1.75, p = 0.034), and a history of gynecological surgeries (OR = 1.81, p = 0.045). Conversely, multiparity was associated with a reduced risk of dysmenorrhea (OR = 0.36, p = 0.046). Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among Saudi women and is accompanied by significant menstrual symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. Understanding its determinants and associated symptoms is essential for improving management strategies and mitigating its impact on women's lives.

Pain Management Intervention in Overcoming Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls at the Bina Dakwah Islamic Boarding School, Loa Bakung District Samarinda

Background: The setting of community health services in at-risk groups is often not optimal due to the distance of access to available health services, the lack of promotive efforts of health facilities in providing disease prevention education so that this will have an impact on community health deficiencies in adolescents and ineffective health maintenance. In order for the prevalence of dysmenorrhea problems in the community setting to be reduced, preventive management is needed, namely by reducing community health problems by carrying out several community health programs such as maintaining the management of pain problems as a result of dysmenorrhea symptoms. Purpose: To determine the level of knowledge and pain of dysmenorrhea in adolescents at the Bina Dakwah Islamic Boarding School, Loa Bakung District, Samarinda after pain management was carried out. Methods: Descriptive research type through nursing process approach involving 5 respondents. The research instrument used Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure the pain scale and knowledge level questionnaire related to adolescent dysmenorrhea pain. Results: Management of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents through education, dysmenorrhea exercises, and reflexology massage resulted in an increase in the average pain score from 8.2 to 11.8. Meanwhile, for dysmenorrhea pain, there was a decrease on the 3rd day, namely from mild pain (scale 3 to 4) to no pain. Conclusion: Providing dysmenorrhea management through education, dysmenorrhea exercises, and reflexology massage can increase knowledge and reduce pain in adolescents at the Bina Dakwah Islamic Boarding School, Loa Bakung District, Samarinda.

The combination effect of basil leaves and red betel leaves as analgesic to reduce dysmenorrhea in reproductive woman

Dysmenorrhea, characterized by severe lower abdominal pain during menstruation, affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, impairing daily activities. The pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea is primarily linked to elevated prostaglandin production (PGF2α and PGE2) and heightened uterine sensitivity, which induce myometrial contractions, hypoxia, and pain. Factors such as stress, obesity, and family history contribute to its prevalence. In recent years, medicinal plants have emerged as alternative therapies to manage dysmenorrhea symptoms. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and red betel (Piper crocatum) are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties due to their rich phytochemical content, including flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils. Basil leaves inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, reducing prostaglandin synthesis, while red betel leaves enhance antioxidant activity and modulate inflammatory responses. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of basil and red betel leaves in alleviating dysmenorrhea symptoms. Despite the lack of experimental studies on their synergistic effects, their anti-inflammatory mechanisms—targeting prostaglandin production and NF-κB pathways—present promising potential for reducing menstrual pain.

Efficacy of Arogya Rakshak Panchatantra (Five Lifestyle Principles) on Heart Rate Variability and Menstrual Symptoms in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is associated with decreased performance and reduced quality of life in young adults. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Arogya Rakshak Panchatantra (ARP), a naturopathic lifestyle practice, among young female adults with PD. Method: This open-label, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial included 52 young female adults with PD aged between 16 and 25 years. They were randomly assigned to the ARP group practicing the ARP module for 2 months or the control group maintaining their routine lifestyle. The primary outcome was changes in heart rate variability (HRV), while secondary outcomes included menstrual distress, quality of life, pain, and daytime sleepiness, all evaluated at baseline and during the first three menstrual cycles in both groups. To evaluate the feasibility, the study also monitored self-reported symptoms, emotions, adverse events, calorie intake, and adherence to the intervention. The effectiveness of ARP was evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance and a generalized linear model. Results: In the intervention group, we observed significant improvements in the high frequency component of HRV (p = 0.007), as well as reductions in weight (p = 0.017), visual analog scale pain (p = 0.000), and retrospective symptom scale score (p < 0.011). There were no significant changes in other HRV metrics, quality of life, or daytime sleepiness. Participants reported mild symptoms such as headaches, colds, body pain, diarrhea, constipation, fever, and weakness, with no serious adverse events. Discussion: This trial is the first to examine the long-term impact of ARP on young females with PD, suggesting it could be an effective and feasible management option. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

The effectiveness of giving young coconut water in reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms: A case study of midwifery care

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a common condition in women during menstruation, characterized by severe pain that can interfere with daily activities. The administration of medical therapy is often used to treat these symptoms, but natural approaches such as giving young coconut water are also starting to be considered. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of giving young coconut water in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhea patients and provide an overview of the application of natural therapy-based obstetric care in patients with menstrual complaints. Methods: This study uses a case study design with a qualitative approach. The subject of the study was an adult woman who experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and assessment of pain intensity using the VAS (Visual Analog Scale) scale before and after administering young coconut water. Result: The study showed a significant decrease in the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain after administering young coconut water. Before the administration of therapy, patients reported pain intensity at level 8 (scale 0-10), and after three days of administration of young coconut water, pain intensity decreased to level 3. Patients also reported feeling more comfortable and being able to continue their daily activities better. No significant side effects were found related to the consumption of young coconut water. I am injuring kei three mestiuia such does not feel jealous, the nature of the blood of meirah can bioactivity deingan good to know the absence of the current suidah in the absence of good. Conclusion: Giving young coconut water can be effective in reducing the symptoms of dysmenorrhea in patients who experience it. This therapy can be a safe and natural alternative to help relieve menstrual pain. It can be applied in obstetrics as part of a comprehensive approach to reproductive health care. Further research with larger samples is needed to reinforce these findings and explore the mechanism of action of young coconut water in dysmenorrhea

Impact of Adlay-Based Formula on Pain and Discomfort in Women with Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Primary dysmenorrhea, a highly prevalent condition that significantly impacts women's daily activities and quality of life, occurs without underlying pelvic pathological changes. Conventional treatments, such as warm water therapy, provide temporary relief; however, more effective interventions are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Adlay-based formula in reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms through randomized controlled trials. A total of 69 participants were randomly assigned to either the Adlay-based formula group (n = 35) or the placebo group (n = 34). Baseline characteristics, including age, age of menarche, dysmenorrhea onset, menstrual duration, BMI, blood pressure, and heart rate, were comparable between groups. The primary outcomes were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for dysmenorrhea, pain assessment scales, the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), and serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers (PGE2, PGF2α, IL-6, Hs-CRP). The intervention group showed a significant reduction in VAS scores at both the first treatment and at the end of the study compared to baseline and the placebo group. Pain assessments indicated improvements in persistent pain, dull pain, exhaustion, nausea/vomiting, lower abdominal swelling, back pain, diarrhea, and cold sweats. Additionally, biomarker analysis revealed significant reductions in PGE2, PGF2α, and Hs-CRP levels in the intervention group, with no significant change in IL-6 levels. The Adlay-based formula effectively alleviated dysmenorrhea symptoms, improved pain and discomfort, and reduced inflammatory biomarkers compared to placebo. These findings suggested that the formula could serve as a promising alternative for managing primary dysmenorrhea.

Metodo Frequency® (Frequency Method) Holistic Therapeutic-Technological Method Based on Haptic Sensory Vibration for Treating Case Report of Pain and Inflammatory Symptoms of Painful Ovulation and Dysmenorrhoea

Metodo Frequency® (Frequency Method) Holistic Therapeutic-Technological Method Based on Haptic Sensory Vibration for Treating Case Report of Pain and Inflammatory Symptoms of Painful Ovulation and Dysmenorrhoea

Qualitative chemical characterization of salva-de-marajó (Lippia origanoides, Verbenaceae) preparations

Lippia origanoides Kunth (LO, Verbenaceae), commonly known in Brazil as salva-de-marajó, is an aromatic plant native to the Americas. Quilombola women from Oriximiná (Pará State, Brazil) use decoctions and decoction vapors of LO aerial parts orally or in sitz baths to alleviate symptoms of dysmenorrhea. This study aimed to evaluate LO decoctions and essential oils through a chemo-qualitative approach. Aerial parts of LO were collected from two individuals, and other two commercial samples were acquired from a public market. Aqueous extract of each sample was obtained by decoction and spray drying. The spray-dried decoctions were chemically characterized using UPLC-APCI(-)-IT-MS2 and cluster heatmap analysis to discern compositional patterns. Essential oils were obtained through hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID. In total, 12 compounds were tentatively identified from LO decoctions. Their product ion spectra were characteristic of flavonoid aglycones (5) and glycosides (4), and phenylpropanoids, including two stilbene glycosides and one hydroxycinnamic acid glycoside. Variations were noted in the chemical fingerprints of the decoctions, but the flavonoid glycosides orientin, isoorientin, and vitexin emerged as potential markers for the species. The essential oils of the samples contained high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenoids, with a predominance of the p-menthanes carvacrol (up to 61.9%) and/or thymol (up to 17.0%), and p-cymene (up to 24.9%). This study was the first to explore the chemical composition of decoctions derived from LO, highlighting the species as an untapped source of phenolic glycosides, an aspect that has received limited discussion thus far.

Efficacy and safety of estetrol (15 mg)/drospirenone (3 mg) combination in a cyclic regimen for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the estetrol (E4) (15 mg)/drospirenone (DRSP) (3 mg) combination in a cyclic regimen in Japanese women with primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. A 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, followed by a 36-week, open-label, extension study. Double-blined study. A total of 162 Japanese women with primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Participants were randomly allocated to either the E4/DRSP group or the placebo group. In the E4/DRSP group, participants orally received one tablet containing E4 (15 mg) and DRSP (3 mg daily) for 24 days, followed by a placebo tablet for 4 days, constituting one cycle. The placebo group was given one placebo tablet daily for 28 days. After 16 weeks, participants in the placebo group were switched to receive E4/DRSP for 36 weeks. Absolute change in the most severe total dysmenorrhea score from baseline to the end of the 16-week double-blinded period. Estetrol/drospirenone reduced the most severe total dysmenorrhea score by 2.3 points from baseline at week 16. The between-group difference was significant (-1.4, two-sided 95% confidence interval, -1.8 to -1.0), showing superiority to placebo. The responder rate, the proportion of participants who achieved a ≥2.0-point reduction in the most severe total dysmenorrhea score from baseline, was 64.3% in the E4/DRSP group, significantly higher than in the placebo group, 28.4%. In the E4/DRSP group, visual analogue scale scores for pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea symptoms during the menstrual bleeding periods were decreased by 44.2 and 42.3 mm, respectively, from baseline at week 16, significantly more than in the placebo group. Objective gynecological examinations suggested amelioration of pelvic tenderness, uterine mobility, and cul-de sac induration in the E4/DRSP group. Estetrol/drospirenone improved the quality of life-related questionnaires (interference with daily activities and sleeping) and global impression scores. Intermenstrual bleeding was the primary treatment-emergent adverse event in the E4/DRSP group, similar to combined oral contraceptives. There were no cases of venous thromboembolism and less impact on hemostasis parameters in the E4/DRSP group. Estetrol/drospirenone is an effective treatment for dysmenorrhea, offering a safe, new treatment option with potentially reduced thromboembolic risk. This study was registered in Clinical Trials Registry of jRCT with registration number jRCT2011210023 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCT2011210023; date of registration: July 28, 2021; date of enrollment of the first subject: August 2, 2021).

Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures for women with dysmenorrhea: A systematic review.

Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, is a subjective experience, and can only be assessed by patient-reported outcomes. These instruments should be reliable, valid and responsive. To identify and critically appraise the available evidence for the measurement properties of specific patient-reported outcome measures used for dysmenorrhea. The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. Databases searched were PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar (April 2021; updated on February 2023). Original studies with primary data collection, with no restriction on language and publication date that reported psychometric properties of one or more dysmenorrhea-related patient-reported outcome measure. The literature searches, selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of the risk of bias were performed independently by two reviewers and followed the COSMIN guidelines. Thirty studies were analysed in this review, and 19 patient-reported outcome measures were evaluated. The instruments varied in relation to the measured construct and measurement properties (validity, reliability and responsiveness). The methodological quality of the studies and the quality of evidence of the patient-reported outcome measures were variable. Among the 13 studies that reported the development of patient-reported outcome measures, most had inadequate methodological quality, and the overall rating was insufficient or inconsistent. The Dysmenorrhea Symptom Interference (DSI) scale was the only identified patient-reported outcome measure that has the potential to be recommended because of its sufficient rating combined with moderate quality of evidence for content validity. Future studies should further evaluate the measurement properties of the existing patient-reported outcome measures, or develop new patient-reported outcome measures following the COSMIN methodology. Not applicable as this is a systematic review. PROSPERO protocol: CRD42021244410. Registration on April 22, 2021.

Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Syndrome in Association with Health Habits in the Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are common disorders in the Mexican population, but these are usually underdiagnosed and under-treated, impacting women's quality of life. Adequate health habits have been reported as precursors of decreasing dysmenorrhea symptoms. However, few studies assess their impact on PMS. This study aims to evaluate dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome in association with health habits in the Mexican population. To assess the impact of health habits on menstruation symptoms a validated survey was conducted in 1679 adult females aged ≥18 years. The survey collected data on participants' dysmenorrhea, PMS, and their health habits. The analysis showed that physical activity duration, changes in eating habits (increases in salty or sugary foods) during menstruation, and oversleeping habits predict increases in dysmenorrhea and PMS. In contrast, an active sexual life, relaxing physical activity, and adequate sleep hours during menstruation seem to decrease the symptoms. We conclude that adequate health habits and addressing early gynecological conditions might regulate dysmenorrhea and PMS.

Beyond Painkillers: A Meta-Analysis of Non-Pharmacological Approaches for Managing Dysmenorrhea Symptoms

Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as painful menstruation, is a highly prevalent gynecological condition affecting millions of women globally. While pharmacological interventions offer temporary relief, they often come with undesirable side effects. Non-pharmacological approaches present a potentially safer and more sustainable alternative for managing dysmenorrhea symptoms. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2024 that investigated the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for dysmenorrhea. The primary outcome was pain intensity reduction, while secondary outcomes included quality of life, absenteeism, and medication use. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated. Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 600 participants. The non-pharmacological interventions evaluated included aerobic exercise, yoga, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), heat therapy, and relaxation techniques. The pooled analysis revealed significant reductions in pain intensity across all interventions compared to control groups (SMD = -2.00, 95% CI: -2.39 to -1.61, p &lt; 0.001). Aerobic exercise and yoga demonstrated the largest effect sizes (SMD = -2.5 and -2.5, respectively). Significant improvements were also observed in quality of life, absenteeism, and medication use. Non-pharmacological approaches, particularly aerobic exercise and yoga, are effective in managing dysmenorrhea symptoms. These findings strongly support the integration of non-pharmacological interventions into clinical practice as a first-line or adjunctive treatment option for dysmenorrhea.

Exploring the effects of yoga on dysmenorrhea: A narrative review

ABSTRACT Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as menstrual pain, is characterized by painful uterine cramps during menstruation and significantly impacts a woman’s physical, mental, and emotional health. Elevated prostaglandin levels cause dysrhythmic uterine contractions, reducing blood flow, leading to uterine hypoxia, and producing anaerobic metabolites that activate pain receptors. This study aims to review the effectiveness of yoga as an alternative treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. A search of English-language literature published from 2010 to 2023 was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using keywords “Yoga” AND “Menstrual Pain” OR “Dysmenorrhea.” The inclusion criteria were limited to randomized controlled trials examining the impact of yoga on dysmenorrhea symptoms. From 111 identified studies, 6 met the selection criteria and were included in the review. The review investigates yoga’s potential to alleviate primary dysmenorrhea’s physical and mental health effects. The literature indicates that yoga, including asanas, pranayama, and Yoga Nidra, is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms. Findings suggest that various yoga practices can significantly reduce menstrual pain and discomfort, improving overall health outcomes. However, the reviewed studies have limitations, such as small sample sizes and variations in study design. To establish yoga as an evidence-based solution for menstrual health issues, further research with rigorous scientific methods and larger sample sizes is needed. More high-quality trials focusing on a yogic approach are necessary to confirm yoga’s effectiveness as a primary management option for women with primary dysmenorrhea.

Menstrual Cycle Management and Period Tracker App Use in Millennial and Generation Z Individuals: Mixed Methods Study.

Menstruation is a physical symptom that occurs in women of reproductive age. It has a significant impact on the daily life and health of women when their academic and social activities are most active. Since many women experience difficulties in daily life because of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea, it is important to identify, prepare for, and manage the menstrual cycle in advance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between menstruation-related experiences and the use of mobile-based period tracker apps by millennial and generation Z (gen Z) individuals. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) menstrual cycle management, (2) factors affecting app usage (3) factors affecting cycle management, and (4) motivators and barriers to using period tracker apps, in millennial and gen Z women. A mixed methods design was used for this study. The participants were young women aged 20-39 years and recruited via the Ovey application. Data were collected through surveys and focus group interviews. The survey was conducted among 700 women, and 8 of them participated in the focus group interviews. In total, 431 (62.3%) participants used period tracker apps primarily to predict their next menstrual cycle. Factors affecting app usage included childbirth experience (odds ratio [OR] 0.475, P<.05), number of dysmenorrhea symptoms (OR 1.136, P<.05), and cycle management level (OR 2.279, P<.001). Additionally, education level (OR 1.122, P<.05 [university level compared high school level]) and the number of dysmenorrhea symptoms (OR 1.024, P<.05) showed a positive association with the cycle management level. However, childbirth experience (OR 0.902, P<.05) and period irregularity (OR 0.929, P<.001) were negatively associated with the cycle management level. Period tracker apps are becoming the new normal among millennials and gen Z individuals for managing their menstrual cycles. The use of a period tracker app empowers women by helping them gain a better understanding of their bodies, ultimately enhancing their social, academic, and health-related lives. Improving the accuracy and literacy of the app is an ongoing task for period-tracking apps, and it is important to provide added value tailored to users' needs. Therefore, the findings of this study should be considered when designing or upgrading period tracker apps to facilitate the adoption of digital technology among young women, thereby promoting their overall well-being and reproductive health.

6962 Natural History of Menstrual Pain and Associated Risk Factors in Early Adolescence

Abstract Disclosure: M. Sofia: None. R. Modarelli: None. S. Molsberry: None. S. Denslow: None. D. Zaccaro: None. C. Kamoun: None. N.D. Shaw: None. Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), or menstrual pain of uterine origin without pelvic pathology, affects up to 93% of adolescents and is a leading cause of school and work absenteeism. The theory that PD only occurs when progesterone levels fall in the late-luteal phase, triggering production of uterine prostaglandins, has dominated the literature. However, recent studies identifying PD among girls with anovulatory cycles cast doubt on this theory. We took advantage of an ongoing longitudinal study of healthy early post-menarchal girls to test the hypothesis that ovulation is associated with increased PD and to explore other participant factors associated with PD. Methods: Participants contributed daily urine samples to measure Cr-corrected LH, estrone conjugates, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide [PdG], completed menstrual diaries, and reported dysmenorrhea symptoms using the 24-item Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) approximately biannually. A cycle was defined as ovulatory if peak PdG &amp;gt;2500 ng/mg Cr. Scores were natural log-transformed and modeled to assess associations with gynecologic age, ovulation, anxiety, depression, and physical activity exposures using generalized estimating equations with a normal distribution and autoregressive covariance structure. Models were adjusted for age at menarche, baseline BMI Z-score, race, ethnicity, maternal age at menarche, parental education and employment, and gynecologic age (ovulation models only). Results: The 43 participants were 12.38 ± 1.06 years old (mean ± SD) with a gynecologic age of 2.99 ± 2.22 months. The majority were non-Hispanic White and of normal weight. Average maternal age at menarche was 12.64 ± 1.09 years. Among parents of participants, most were both at least college-educated and nearly 50% were both employed. Participants completed 155 MSQs (1-9/participant). Dysmenorrhea scores increased over time (scores 1.14x higher for every 1-year increase in gynecologic age, p&amp;lt;0.001). Dysmenorrhea scores were 1.12x higher (p=0.03) if the preceding cycle was ovulatory vs. anovulatory and 1.11x higher if all cycles in the preceding 6 months were ovulatory vs all anovulatory (p=0.11). Gynecologic age remained significant in models with ovulation-based exposures, and maternal age at menarche was inversely associated with dysmenorrhea score (beta -0.08, p=0.04) in the model with gynecologic age as the exposure. Conclusion: In early-postmenarchal girls, dysmenorrhea scores were higher when associated with ovulatory cycles but also increased over time independent of ovulatory status, suggesting a pathophysiologic role for progesterone and other unknown factors. There was no association between age at menarche, BMI, race/ethnicity, and dysmenorrhea scores whereas maternal age at menarche was inversely associated with dysmenorrhea scores. Presentation: 6/1/2024

MRI for endometriosis in adolescent patients.

Endometriosis, a chronic condition that often starts in adolescence, can have a significant impact on quality of life due to symptoms of dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Although laparoscopy with direct visualization and pathologic correlation is the reference standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis, some authors have called for a greater emphasis on clinical diagnosis - including imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides highly reproducible, large field of view, multiplanar, and multiparametric imaging of pelvic endometriosis and is well tolerated in adolescent patients. As such, pediatric radiologists need to be familiar with the manifestations of endometriosis on MRI and how these findings may differ from those seen in adult populations.

Wenjing decoction: Mechanism in the treatment of dysmenorrhea with blood stasis syndrome through network pharmacology and experimental verification

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula Wenjing Decoction (WJD) longstanding efficacy in enhancing blood circulation, resolving blood stasis, and mitigating dysmenorrhea symptoms. Despite its prevalent application, the specific mechanism underlying effect of WJD remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to examine the material basis of Wenjing Decoction and explore the effect of WJD on rat models of dysmenorrhea with blood stasis syndrome and elucidate its mechanism. In this study, we initially identified the chemical constituents of WJD using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subsequently, we employed network pharmacology to predict the mechanism of WJD in treating acute blood stasis dysmenorrhea. To further investigate the role of WJD, we established a rat model of acute blood stasis. We monitored changes in blood coagulation indexes, IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and COX-2 in rats before and after administration to confirm the successful establishment of the rat model and evaluate the therapeutic effect of WJD on dysmenorrhea and acute blood stasis. Finally, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were utilized to investigate its mechanism. Through LC-MS analysis, 69 chemical substances were identified in WJD. Network pharmacology study revealed that the mechanism of WJD in treating BSS may be associated with the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Following administration, the WJD group showed gradual recovery of physical signs and coagulation index to a healthy level. Additionally, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 decreased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas NO levels increased. Results from QPCR and WB detection indicated increased expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, Bcl-2, and eNOS, and decreased expression levels of Bax, NFκBp65, ICAM1, and VCAM1. The results show that WJD significantly improves the characterization, dysmenorrhea index, and coagulation-related factors in BSS rats. Through network pharmacological prediction, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blot analysis, it is postulated that the beneficial effects of WJD on dysmenorrhea may be linked to the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for the advancement and utilization of WJD.

Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with monkshood cake-separated moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea with cold congealing and blood stasis: a randomized controlled trial

To observe the clinical efficacy of Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with monkshood cake-separated moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea with cold congealing and blood stasis. Sixty patients with primary dysmenorrhea of cold congealing and blood stasis were randomly divided into an observation group (30 cases, 1 case dropped out) and a control group (30 cases, 2 cases dropped out). The control group received monkshood cake-separated moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) and bilateral Zigong (EX-CA 1), while the observation group received Fu's subcutaneous needling based on the control group. The muscles were palpated and the affected muscles were determined. Needles were inserted 5-10 cm away from the affected muscles and reperfusion activity was performed simultaneously. All the treatment started on the first day of menstrual cycle pain, once a day, for 3 days, totaling for 3 menstrual cycles. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Cox menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) score, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score in the two groups were observed before treatment, after 2 treatment courses and after 3 treatment courses. The serum prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) levels before and after 3 treatment courses were measured, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. After 2 and 3 treatment courses, the VAS scores, CMSS scores, and TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 3 treatment courses, the PGF2α level in the observation group was decreased (P<0.05), and were lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 96.6% (28/29) in the observation group, which was higher than 64.3% (18/28) in the control group (P<0.05). Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with monkshood cake-separated moxibustion could effectively reduce the pain intensity, improve clinical symptoms of dysmenorrhea, and lower PGF2α level in patients with primary dysmenorrhea of cold congealing and blood stasis.

Altered sleep and diurnal consequences in women with dysmenorrhea: study from the EPISONO database.

Our study aimed to identify alterations in sleep, inflammatory mediators, fatigue and quality of life in women with dysmenorrhea and compare them to women without dysmenorrhea. The sample comprised 328 women from a Brazilian cross-sectional sleep study, EPISONO (2007), who had undergone 1-night polysomnography (PSG) type I and completed questionnaires related to sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Blood samples were used to assess levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The 2 groups were distributed based on the presence or absence of dysmenorrhea symptoms. Sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the group of women with dysmenorrhea (82.5% ± 13.8) compared to the non-dysmenorrhea group (86.2% ± 10.9). Dysmenorrhea was associated with significantly higher scores of fatigue and worse scores in the physical quality of life. No statistical differences were detected in inflammatory markers between the 2 groups. Fatigue and physical quality of life were presented in women with dysmenorrhea, as was reduced sleep efficiency, although no alteration on inflammatory markers were observed. These findings show that dysmenorrhea can have a deleterious effect on women's sleep, with repercussions on daily routines and quality of life.