Symptoms Of Computer Vision Syndrome Research Articles

The Relationship Between Eye Distance To The Computer And Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Complaints

The use of computers is now commonplace among individuals, ranging from students to professionals. Computers offer numerous advantages, leading to a high dependency on them, particularly among office workers, who incorporate computer usage into their daily activities. In general, the occupational setting necessitates prolonged computer usage, thereby leading to inadvertent exposure to the computer screen/monitor and subsequent development of eye-related complaints, including Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between eye distance to the computer and the occurrence of CVS symptoms. This research employs an analytical observational study design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consists of employees from the Middle Type Customs and Excise Service Office (KPPBC TMC) in Malang. The sample selection was based on the prolonged duration of computer usage, averaging 6 hours per working day. The study findings indicated a significant correlation between the viewing distance to the computer screen and the occurrence of CVS complaints among the respondents. Among the total of 65 respondents, 66.2% experienced CVS complaints, with the most predominant symptom being tired eyes at 53.8%. A higher proportion of respondents (53.8%) had an eye distance from the computer of less than 50 cm, compared to those with an eye distance of more than 50 cm (46.2%). The majority of respondents in this study were in the age range of 25-29 years, comprising 40% of the sample. Among them, the majority were male, accounting for 57.7% of the respondents.

Effectiveness Of E-Backnshou Exercise To The Improvement Of Neck, Shoulder And Back Pain In Computer Vision Syndrome Patient

BACKGROUND : Extra-ocular complaints of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) are neck, shoulder, back pain. The 20-20-20 rule and E-BACKNSHOU exercise are expected to improve accommodative mechanisms, ocular surface of the eye and extra ocular symptoms of CVS. AIMS : Proving the effectiveness of E-BACKNSHOU exercise for the improvement of neck, shoulder and back pain in CVS patient. METHOD : The research design was Pre-Post Test with Control Design. Subjects were 30 medical students of Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia who experienced CVS and neck, shoulder and back pain. The treatment group got the 20-20-20 rule and E-BACKNSHOU exercise and the control group got the 20-20-20 rule for 1 month. Pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical test was conducted using paired t-test, unpaired t-test and chi square. Value of significance p<0.05. RESULT : There were significant differences in VAS score of neck, shoulder, upper back pain (p=0.00), and low back pain (p=0.022) before and after the intervention in the treatment group and VAS score of neck (p=0,002), shoulder (p=0.020), upper back (p=0.011), and low back pain (p=0.019) in the control group. Delta VAS score of the treatment group was greater than the control group and there was a significant difference in delta VAS score of shoulder pain (p=0,030), but there were no significant differences in delta VAS score of neck (p=0,934), upper back (p=0,356), and low back pain (p=0,150). CONCLUSION : The effectiveness of 20-20-20 rule and E-BACKNSHOU exercise is better than the 20-20-20 rule alone on treating neck, shoulder and back pain in CVS patient.

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF YASHTIMADHU GHRITA TARPANA AND YASHTIMADHU GHRITA ASCHYOTHANA IN COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME

A group of ocular symptoms produced due to working with computer monitors are collectively known as com-puter vision syndrome. The ocular symptoms include Decreased vision, Burning, Red eyes, Stinging and photo-phobia. Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a Video Display Terminal (VDT) like Computer, Tablet, Smart phones etc. for protracted, uninterrupted periods of time. Symp-toms of Computer Vision Syndrome include Headache, Blurred vision, burning sensation, Fatigue, Dry eyes, Irritated eyes, Double vision, and Difficulty refocusing the eyes. These symptoms can be further aggravated by improper lighting conditions and air moving fast in the eyes. Dry eye is a major symptom that is targeted in the therapy of computer vision syndrome. Acharya susrutha mentioned Tarpanam, Putapakam, Sekam, Acshy-othanam, Anjana, the kriya kalpas for netra rogas.1 Tarpana is indicated when the eyes are fatigue inactive, su-shka (dry), ruksha (rough), injured, patients of vata and pitta vitiation, when there is squint, loss of lashes, clouded vision, difficulty in opening the eyes etc. conditions, Tarpana should be done to the patients.2 In Ash-tanga hridaya, “Sarvesham akshi rogaanaammadou Acshyothanam hitam….” for all eye diseases Acshyothanam is mentioned as treatment3. Hence, the procedure of Tarpana and Aschyotana can be done in Computer vision syndrome. This research work was carried out at Shri Vijaya Mahantesh Ayurvedic Medical College, and R.P. Karadi Ayurvedic Hospital, Ilkal.

Effect of Ergonomic Practices on Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) symptoms among undergraduate and postgraduate IT students of University of Chakwal

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is common nowadays among students due to constant working on computer. In addition to various visual and ocular disorders, there is also periodic rise in their musculoskeletal problems. Objective: To determine the effect of visual ergonomics on CVS among IT university students of Chakwal. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done in IT department of the University of Chakwal from October-December 2021. About 65 undergraduate and postgraduate IT students studying in the University of Chakwal were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Students using computers and having symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), refractive error and convergence insufficiency were included. The data were gathered for visual effects in response to different ergonomics and was analysed by SPSS 25.0 and Microsoft Excel 2016. P ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Of the 65 students, most (72.3%) were undergraduate students. Almost 55.4% complained of severe neck / shoulder pain and dryness of eyes. 39% used to do computer work for 1-4 hours / day. Students working for 1-4 hours at home had less blinking and watering of eyes in addition to eyestrain (p< 0.05). There was significant association of mild headache (p<0.02) and minimal photophobia (p<0.05) with 1-4 hours computer work at home. Taking break up to 1 hour had significant association with mildness of eye burning, crossing and redness (p<0.05). Conclusions: IT students had moderate to severe dryness of eyes, neck and shoulder pain. Not spending more than four consecutive hours on computer work and taking at least one hour break is imperative to avoid severe symptoms

Association of Computer Vision Syndrome with Depression/Anxiety among Lebanese Young Adults: The Mediating Effect of Stress.

Computers have become indispensable in daily activities. With this excess use of electronics, computer vision syndrome (CVS), a highly prevalent condition, is associated with various symptoms. Although understanding the relationship between CVS and mental health has been reported, the impact of CVS has not been explored on more than one psychological aspect. We hypothesize that higher CVS symptoms could be associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, mediated by higher stress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the association between CVS and depression and anxiety among a sample of Lebanese young adults, along with evaluating the mediating effect of stress on these associations. Between August 2020 and April 2021, 749 participants completed an online questionnaire for this cross-sectional study. Females compared to males (Beta = 3.73) and those with CVS compared to those who did not (Beta = 3.14) were significantly associated with more anxiety, whereas having a university level of education compared to secondary or less (Beta = -3.02) was significantly associated with less anxiety. Females compared to males (Beta = 2.55) and those with CVS compared to those without (Beta = 2.61) were significantly associated with more depression, whereas being of an older age (Beta = -0.18) was significantly associated with less depression. Stress partially mediated the association between CVS and anxiety and between CVS and depression. More CVS was significantly associated with more stress (Beta = 3.05). Higher stress was significantly associated with more anxiety (Beta = 0.70) and depression (Beta = 0.71), whereas more CVS was significantly and directly associated with more anxiety (Beta = 3.14) and depression (Beta = 2.61). This study is the first worldwide to evaluate an association between CVS and mental health. Our results serve as a starting point for healthcare providers (psychiatrists and psychologists, most importantly) to look deeper into CVS when looking for reasons behind mental health issues. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results and look for more factors and mediators in such associations.

Evaluating the Strength of Evidence on the Effectiveness of Accommodative Support Lens on Computer Vision Syndrome

Computer vision syndrome is a disease that has emerged with the advent of the computer and digital age. It is most associated with long-hour users of digital screen devices. Its symptoms are ocular and extraocular and may include blur or double vision, and other visual discomforts such as redness, irritation, dry eye, watery eye, headache, neck and shoulder pains, back aches and tendonitis. Several studies have reported a prevalence rate of between 10-90%. Depending on a number of factors, different treatment approaches have been adopted by physicians for primary and secondary care. These approaches include optimization of ergonomics, progressive addition of lenses, use of nutritional supplements, and artificial tears. The validity of the efficacy of these approaches has continued to generate debates among public health stakeholders due to limited evidence. This article discusses the strength of evidence of the use of accommodative support lenses in alleviating the symptoms of computer vision syndrome, with a special focus on the work of Seguí-Crespo et al., 2022.

Computer Vision Syndrome and Scope of Homoeopathy

The utilization of technology has become a fundamental part of our daily lives. Therefore, regardless of whether one is an adult or a child, there are various motivations for individuals to remain attached to their digital devices. As the utilization of computers and video display terminals in the workplace increases, a growing number of individuals are experiencing symptoms associated with prolonged use of computers. These symptoms encompass visual and eye symptoms, as well as musculoskeletal symptoms, and are collectively referred to as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). There are a variety of allopathic treatments available, however, they are limited in their long-term use and associated side effects. Establishing an ergonomically designed work environment is an important factor in reducing the risk of developing CVS symptoms, and alternative treatments may be appropriate depending on the underlying causes of CVS and associated symptoms. Homeopathy is an alternative system of medicine that allow the court to choose the indicated homoeopathic medicine for management of computer vision syndrome. Keywords: Homeopathy, computer vision syndrome (cvs), Digital eyestrain (DES), Video display terminals (VDTs),

Effect of An Ayurvedic Management in Computer Vision Syndrome

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is the new nomenclature to the visual, ocular, and systemic symptoms arising due to the long time and improper working on the computer and is emerging as a pandemic in the 21st century. On critical analysis of the symptoms of CVS, it seems to be a Vata-Pitta ocular cum systemic disease which needs systemic as well as topical treatment approach. Shushkakshipaka is a similar disease explained in Sarvakshigatha roga. The management includes Anutaila nasya and Jeevaneya ghritha tarpana. Hence an attempt is made to study the benefit of this therapy in CVS which is having similarity with Shushkakshipaka. Patients aged 20-50 diagnosed as CVS were selected for the study and 30 eyes were studied. Data was collected by case proforma, clinical examination and investigations such as Visual analysis, Schirmer’s test, Tear break up time test. Then they were subjected to Deepana- Pachana, Snehana with Jeevaneya gritha, Swedana, Kayasodhana as Virechana with Gandharva eranda taila, Marsa nasya with Anutaila, Tharpana with Jeevaneya gritha and Putapaka with Jeevaneya puatapaka rasa. During the analysis of the distribution of symptoms there was significant improvement noted which sustained during follow up period also. Nasya gives Bala to Uttamanga thus preventing Stanasamsraya due to Kha vaigunya. Here Vicharana snehapana with Jeevaneya gana gritha and Tarpana with the same is done along with Anutaila nasya. Jeevaneya gritha is used for the Snehana karma and nourishes the eyes. Gritha itself is Vatapitta sama and helps to reduce the symptoms which are Vatapitta in nature.

Effect of Figure Eight Vision Exercise Combined with Chin Nodding and Neck Stretching Exercises on Computer Vision Syndrome

Purpose: Main aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of vision exercise with chin nodding and neck stretching among computer users and also intend to show the effect of figure eight vision exercise only. Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was carried out among computer users in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Computer vision syndrome symptoms data will be collected from self-administered questionnaire and computer vision syndrome level instrument questionnaire. 33 participants (17=male, 16=female) in group A (experimental group) will be given figure eight vision exercise and chin nodding and neck stretching. 33 participants (17=male, 16=female) in group B (control group) will be given only figure eight vision exercise with one month follow up. Intervention will be given 4 to 5 times per week (once in a day). Data analysis will be done through SPSS. Results: In both the questionnaires, in between the groups, pre and post intervention P value shows non-significant results. While within groups, in questionnaire 1, pre and post intervention P-value was 0.00 which shows significant results and in questionnaire 2, P-value of group A was 0.02 which shows significant results while in group B, P-value was 0.13 which shows non-significant results. Practical Implication: Regarding comparison of exercises difference between group A and B was non- significant. But, in within groups, in self-administered questionnaire both groups’ shows significant results individually while in CVS level instrument questionnaire, group A shows significant result and group B shows non-significant Conclusion: Study concludes that both groups showed non-significant results regarding comparison of exercises but in within groups, in self-administered questionnaire both groups’ shows significant results individually while in CVS level instrument questionnaire, group A shows significant result and group B shows non-significant. Keywords: Randomized controlled trial, computer vision syndrome, vision exercise, neck stretching (exercise therapy).

Analysis of real-world visual ergonomics at the visual display unit.

In this interventional study, the ergonomic workplace set-up and the impact of character size on subjectively estimated working productivity and computer vision syndrome (CVS) were evaluated in the field. The number of displays and their size, resolution, surface structure, position in the room and relation to the eye were evaluated for 152 units. CVS was assessed using the CVS-Questionnaire. Habitually used character size for an uppercase E was recorded and compared to the ISO 9241-303:2011, national standards (e.g., ANSI/HFES 100-2007) and national guidelines (e.g., German DGUV Information 215-410). In case of failure to comply with these standards, character size was increased to 22 angular minutes to reach the recommended ranges. Reasons for returning to former or smaller character sizes were recorded, and subjectively perceived changes in productivity were estimated by the participants using a visual analogue scale before and 2 weeks after the intervention using a questionnaire. The average visual display unit consisted of two non-glare (matt) 24″ widescreen monitors that were located approximately 73 cm (primary) and 76 cm (secondary) from the eyes. The mean (SD) habitually set character size was 14.29 angular minutes (3.53) and therefore both statistically and clinically significantly too small compared with ISO 9241-303:2011 (p < 0.001). Increasing the character size to 22 angular minutes produced a 26% reduction in subjectively rated productivity (p < 0.001). No significant correlation between character size and symptoms of CVS was demonstrated. In the workplaces investigated, recommendations for character size were not adhered to. This resulted in a reduction in productivity and was not compatible with some of the work requirements, for example, obtaining a broad overview of a spreadsheet.

Оценка показателей пространственной контрастной чувствительности в диагностике компьютерного зрительного синдрома у пользователей девайсами (данные пилотного исследования)

In the modern world, there is an increase in the severity of computer vision syndrome (CVS) when using digital devices. Despite numerous studies of ophthalmic symptoms of CVS, neuro-ophthalmic manifestations remain poorly understood. Evaluation of spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) indicators can be relevant and informative in identifying functional changes in the visual system when using devices. A pilot study was conducted with the participation of 15 healthy people. The subjects were assessed the SCS in the process of habitual activity in a personal device, which was considered a visual load using the author's program «Visocontrastometry» after 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes of use. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the nonparametric Mann – Whitney test was used to test for significance. According to the data obtained, in all time intervals, there is a decrease in SCS at the experimental stage compared with the control indicators of SCS. A statistically significant difference is observed 15 minutes after the visual load at a spatial frequency of 1.0 cycle/deg in the blue color range (p ≤ 0.05). The method for assessing the SCS has shown its adequacy for studying the neuro-ophthalmological aspects of CVS. Keywords: сomputer vision syndrome, contrast sensitivity, device

Smartphone Use on Accommodation and Vergence Parameters: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The frequency and the trend of smartphone use increase rapidly, and 85% of Malaysians owns a smartphone and spend an average of 187 minutes per day to use the smartphone. Aims: To evaluate the potential effects of smartphone use on Accommodation and Vergence of the users. Methods: A total of 18 articles were selected in this review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the research question was formulated based on the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) method. This review was registered with PROSPERO (reference number: CRD42022293325). Data Sources: Databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Science-Direct were used in the article search using appropriate keywords, phrases, and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The inclusion criteria of this review were journal articles published from January 2010 until December 2021 with full articles or abstract in English available. Results: Accommodative function has been reported to changed significantly with 20 minutes of smartphone use, with reduced amplitude, facility, relative and increased lag. In addition, vergence function has been reported to be altered significantly with receded near point of convergence. Conclusion: Smartphone use has an effect on the accommodation and vergence parameters among adults. Assessments of accommodation and vergence parameters need to be conducted in patients with the symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome to prevent vision problems. Future reviews are required in younger cohorts with various smartphone features.

Computer Vision Syndrome Among Medical Students at the University of Khartoum, Sudan: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

Background and aims Regular continuous uninterrupteduse of electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers, can result in a spectrum of vision-related symptoms known as computer vision syndrome. Students today can readily access information and books on their smartphones and computers, which reduces their reliance on printed texts. Numerous muscle-related and ocular complaints could arise from this. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome symptoms among medical students at the University of Khartoum and to identify its contributing factors. The secondary objective was to evaluate practices and knowledge related to computer vision syndrome prevention. Methods This study is a facility-based cross-sectional observation aimed at describing medical students' characteristics at the University of Khartoum. The sampling strategy employed was stratified random sampling, and a structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. A total of 149 students completed the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on sociodemographic data, validated symptoms of computer vision syndrome, and factors associated with the syndrome's development. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), simple descriptive statistics were calculated, and odds ratios and Pearson's chi-square test were employed to examine and quantify the association between variables. Results Of the 149 participants, 58.4% were female, while males made up 41.6% of the study sample. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome has been found to be 94%, and 72.4% of the students reported experiencing at least three symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Neck and shoulder pain was the most commonly reported symptom (78.5%), followed by headache (70.5%), while the least reported symptom was eye redness (36.2%). The majority of students (81.2%) used electronic devices for five or more hours a day, and the most common posture while using electronic devices was lying down, as reported by 54.4% of the students. A total of 68% of the medical students in this study reported keeping a distance that was shorter than the suggested 40 centimeters from the screen, and only 18.1% were aware of the 20-20-20 rule (every 20 minuteslook at an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds). The seating position has been found to be significantly associated with the number of symptoms experienced (p=0.012); sitting with a bent back was 4.6 times more likely to cause more than three symptoms when compared to sitting upright with a straight back (OR=4.643; 95% CI: 1.63-13.21; p=0.004). Conclusion There was a very high prevalence of computer vision syndrome among medical students at the University of Khartoum. Most students had poor awareness and bad practices regarding the safe use of electronic devices. Awareness campaigns to encourage good practices and enable the safe use of computers and other digital devices are strongly recommended.

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) in Medical Students Reduced by Eye Exercise and Acupressure

Background: A person who uses a computer continuously for 4 hours or more cause to Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Since the implementation of distance learning, the computer users or has increased, especially among students because learning can take place from morning to evening, so that it can have a negative impact on health, especially on eyes such as the occurrence of Computer Vision Syndrome.&#x0D; Research aims: to determine the prevalence and characteristics of eye disorders, namely Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) on medical students, Papua University and to identify the effectiveness of alternative therapy by gymnastics and acupressure eyes against symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS).&#x0D; Research Method: This study uses a non-equivalent control group design and then grouping into control and experimental group. Large sampling using non-probability sampling techniques with purposive sampling approach. Total sample for this research is 38 subjects. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test to compare between pre-test and post-test and Mann Whitney test to compare between treatment and control groups.&#x0D; Results: The results of statistical analysis using Wilcoxon showed CVS scores in the experimental group after eye gymnastics and acupressure treatment was P &lt; 0.05, while for control group with P &gt; 0.05. Whitney Mann test experimental and control groups was showed P &lt; 0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: there are effect of Eye exercises and acupressure to reduce CVS symptoms.

Factors Associated with Complaints of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Among Informatics Engineering Students, University of Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Background Computers or laptops are needed for learning and working media for young children of productive age with a university-level education to balance their mobility. However, long-term use of a computer or laptop can cause eye problems, including Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study aims to determine the factors associated with Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) complaints in Informatics Engineering students at the University of Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA South Jakarta in 2022. Methods This research is a quantitative study with a Cross-Sectional study design. The sampling technique uses the Quota Sampling method with 150 respondents. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire with google forms. The analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Results The results showed that respondents with positive CVS symptoms (70.7%) with the most complaints were tired and strained eyes (77.3%). The Chi-square test between risk factors and CVS obtained results, gender (p = 0.725), the use of glasses (p = 0.011), duration of exposure to computer or laptop screens (p &lt; 0.0001), taking eyes breaks (p = 0.002), the distance between eyes and computer or laptop screen (p = 0.049), and body position when using a computer or laptop (p = 0.006). Conclusions The significantly related risk factors to CVS were the use of glasses, duration of exposure to computer or laptop screens, taking eye breaks, the distance between eyes and computer or laptop screen, and body position when using a computer or laptop. At the same time, gender is not associated with CVS complaints.

Effective way to prevent visual disturbances due to Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)

Background: Working too long with computers, including laptops, desktops, tablets and other display devices (such as smartphones and other electronic reading devices)for 3 hours continuously can increase the risk of eye health problems, one of these is Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). One of the symptoms is visual symptoms, which consist of blurred vision and double vision Objective: This study intends to determine the effect of applying the 20-20-20 method on preventing visual symptoms of CVS. Methods: The research method used is a quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design. Results: The results of statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test found that visual symptoms complaints after and before the application of 20-20-20 had an Asymp Sig value (2 tiles) 0f 0,005. The hypothesis in this study was accepted that there was a significant effect of the intervention 20-20-20 method because the value was 0.005 &lt;0.05.Conclusion: The effective way to prevent visual symptoms of CVS is implementing 20-20-20 method.

Online Learning during Pandemic: A Study on Computer Vision Syndrome in Malaysian University Students

Objective – This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among Malaysian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology/Technique - The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to understand the determinants of CVS-related health behaviors. The study enlisted the participation of 387 students from three Malaysian universities, and most respondents were Malay women under the age of 20. Findings – According to the findings, many students devote more time to digital devices for online classes and assignments, resulting in high CVS symptoms. The most frequently reported symptoms were neck pain, back pain, tired eyes, and headaches. These findings emphasize the critical need for preventative measures to reduce the risk of CVS worsening, especially given the increased use of digital devices in online education. Novelty - This study underscores the pressing need for implementing preventive measures to curtail vamong university students, particularly in the burgeoning use of digital devices in online education. Moreover, the investigation illuminates the salient CVS symptoms frequently reported by university students, thereby providing valuable insights for devising targeted interventions that can effectively alleviate the detrimental impact of CVS on their health. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: I00, I25, J24, O33. Keywords: Computer vision syndrome; computer usage; online learning; students; COVID-19. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Jamaludin, M.F; Saharan, M.S; Adzahar, K.A; Ya’acob, F.F; Faimi, M.F.A. (2023). Online Learning during Pandemic: A Study on Computer Vision Syndrome in Malaysian University Students, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 8(1), 28 – 36. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2023.8.1(4)

Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome and its Prevention

Background: The 21st century is thought to need these gadgets. They are employed in households, as well as in recreational settings and educational organizations, in addition to workplaces and businesses. The term "video display terminal" is used to refer to a computer screen (VDT). It includes computers, tablets, e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic gadgets. According to estimates, 45 million employees use computers directly by gazing at VDTs nonstop for long periods. Aim: The goal of this study was to count how many CMT (college of Medical Technology) students have computer vision syndrome and to identify the risk factors that go along with it. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted on 198 CMT students at Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from 1st April 2022, to 30th September, 2022. The research covered all students between the ages of 17 and 25 who had used a computer in the month before the programs start date. Those students who were using eye medications, those with underlying systemic conditions like diabetes or hypertension, those with pre-existing eye problems, and those who did not provide informed written permission were excluded from the study. To demonstrate relationships between categorical data, the chi-square test was performed. The SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Age of 20.16 ± 3.81 years on average. Out of 198 respondents, 133 (67.2%) said they had at least one of the following symptoms of computer vision syndrome: headache, eye tiredness, burning, eye irritation, neck discomfort, and shoulder pain. Computer users' eye complaints included eye irritability (48%), burning (33%), and eye weariness (15%). Extraocular symptoms range from headaches (38%) to neck and shoulder discomfort (21.8%). Computer use time (240 minutes/four hours) was substantially correlated with eye tiredness and headache. Practical Implication: The benefit of this study is to identify the risk variables linked with computer vision syndrome and its incidence among undergraduate medical students. It will aid in raising public awareness of the health risks associated with computers and other digital electronic devices, as well as assisting public health experts and other stakeholders in taking action to address this public health problem Conclusions: The ailment known as "Computer Vision Syndrome" affects a lot of young students who use computer regularly Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Risk, Prevention, households, irritability, pain, eye tiredness, .

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome in computer users: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background/Aim. Vision and health problems associated with the use of computers and other digital devices are known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). Advances in technology have led to increased use of computers, so the prevalence of these symptoms is increasing. The aim of this study was to calculate the overall prevalence of CVS and CVS symptoms using meta-analysis. Methods. The study was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. In July 2021, a systematic search of four electronic databases with article collections was performed: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The key search terms were: ?computer vision syndrome?, ?computer users?, ?digital eyestrain?, ?headache?, ?dry eyes?, ?red eyes?, ?eyestrain?, ?neck pain?, ?back pain?, and ?shoulder pain?. The articles included in the study had to be original articles written in English only, and the criterion that had to be met was that the research included computer users. As a result, the prevalence of CVS or the prevalence of any of the symptoms of CVS had to be measured. Results. A total of 43 articles were fully reviewed, of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. The total calculated prevalence for all studies was 74.4%, while the prevalence for individual symptoms was: headache ? 43%, dry eyes ? 24.4%, eyestrain ? 29%, red eyes ? 20.7%, and neck, back, or shoulder pain ? 46.3%. Conclusion. The results obtained are worrying and point to the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to solving CVS-related problems.

Coping With Covid-19: Computer Vision Syndrome among University Students in Malaysia

The pandemic outbreak has inspired many of us to contribute to the needs of educators as they move towards online learning (Aguilar, 2020). Gowrisankaran and Sheedy (2015) stated that symptoms reported by computer users include eye discomfort, poor vision, headache, neck ache and shoulder pain. Eye discomfort includes eye strain, eye fatigue, burning and irritation of the eyes, tired eyes, dry eyes, ache in and around the eyes. Most importantly, the poor vision comprises of blurred vision at near and blurred vision when looking from near too far. All these syndromes known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). According to Loh and Reddy (2008), The American Optometric Association describes computer vision syndrome as a complex of eye and vision disorders linked to behaviors that stress the near vision and which are experienced in or during the use of a computer. Randolph (2017) stated that bad lighting, glare and reflection on the screen, incorrect viewing distances, bad posture, uncorrected vision problems, or a combination of these factors can cause symptoms. Symptoms of CVS can be split into three main categories that is (a) eye-related symptoms (dry eyes, watery eyes, irritated eyes, burning eyes), (b) vision-related symptoms (eyestrain, eye fatigue, headache, blurred vision, double vision), and (c) posture-related symptoms (sore neck, shoulder pain, sore back) (Yan et al., 2008). Besides, it was widely accepted that working near to computer screen and long-hour computer work were two general factors leading to CVS. Keywords: computer vision syndrome, COVID-19, student