Symptoms Of Cervical Cancer Research Articles

Analysis of Health Promotion Strategies for Treatment of Cervical Cancer at Awal Bros Hospital Pekanbaru Riau

Cancer is one of the main causes of death, as many as 8.2 million people die from cancer. According to GLOBOCAN data in IARC (2020), cervical cancer cases in Indonesia increased by 36,633 (17.2%) with 234,511 deaths. Cervical cancer generally attacks women aged 30-39 years. Symptoms of cervical cancer are post-coital bleeding, smelly vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding continuously without stopping, pain in the genitals are reported as early symptoms of cervical cancer. The aim of this research is to analyze Health Promotion Strategies in the treatment of cervical cancer at Awal Bros Hospital Pekanbaru. This type of research is qualitative. The number of informants was 4 informants. The results of research conducted by the health promotion program at Awal Bros Hospital in Pekanbaru show a holistic and sustainable approach in overcoming the challenge of cervical cancer. By focusing on education and empowerment, as well as addressing identified obstacles, these efforts have had a positive impact in increasing awareness, treatment compliance and quality of life for patients affected by cervical cancer. However, there is still a need to continue evaluating and adapting to increase the effectiveness of the program and ensure better access for all patients. The health promotion (advocacy) strategy for cervical cancer treatment was carried out quite well through a lobbying process and outreach to various agencies, Awal Bros Hospital carried out this by building an individual atmosphere and building a group atmosphere. By increasing participation in early screening and ensuring continuity of treatment for optimal effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer. Awal Bros Pekanbaru Hospital implements a health promotion strategy for cervical cancer with a focus on empowerment and a personal approach to patients and their families.

Roles of microRNA-486-5p in the diagnosis and the association with clinical symptoms of cervical cancer.

Aim: To explore the predictive value of miR-486-5p in early cervical cancer and the associations of miR-486-5p with different clinical symptoms.Materials & methods: A total of 185 women were recruited. The relative expression levels of serum miR-486-5p were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The receiver operator characteristic curves were utilized to reflect the predictive performance of miR-486-5p and squamous cell carcinoma antigen for early cervical cancer. Univariate logistic regression and ranked logistic regression were used to explore the associations of miR-486-5p with different clinical symptoms of early cervical cancer, with odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals.Results: Eighty-one women (44.26%) had early cervical cancer. The relative expression of serum miR-486-5p was 1.99-fold higher in early cervical cancer patients than that in controls (p<0.0001). The predictive performance of miR-486-5p for early cervical cancer was significantly superior to that of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, with an area under the curve of 0.865 (p<0.001), sensitivity of 1.000and specificity of 0.804. In addition, overexpressed miR-486-5p was associated with high odds of maximum tumor diameter increase (OR=1.30, 95%CI: [1.01-1.66]).Conclusion: MiR-486-5p may be a potential biomarker for the early cervical cancer diagnosis, and was linked to the risk of maximum tumor diameter.

Characterizing the Patterns of Cervical Cancer Symptom Recognition, Symptom Response, and Associated Factors Among Patients Treated in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana.

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Ghana. This study aimed to explore and characterize the patterns of symptom recognition associated with cervical cancer and the symptom responses among women in Ghana. A descriptive qualitative design utilizing 20 individual semistructured interview sessions was used. The study was conducted in one of Ghana's major cancer treatment centers. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using NVivo 12 and presented as themes and subthemes. Data analysis revealed 2 main themes: barriers to symptom recognition and response and facilitators of early symptom recognition and symptom response. Barriers included deficient knowledge about cervical symptoms, spiritual attributions of symptoms, preference for herbal remedies for symptoms, misdiagnosis, and seeking help through multiple facility visits. Facilitating factors of symptom response include perceived severity/identification of additional symptoms, quick referrals with some navigation within the healthcare system, and advice from women's microcommunity. The study emphasizes the need for continuous educational efforts on cervical cancer and its symptoms. Healthcare providers, patients, and the public have a part to play in the awareness and early detection of cervical cancer. Initiatives that educate women about the early symptoms of cervical cancer and the importance of screening can help with early recognition. Educating communities about cervical cancer empowers individuals to take charge of their health and encourages supportive environments for women to seek care.

Enhancing awareness of breast self-examination and pap smears for early detection of breast and cervical cancer

Reproductive health problems, especially breast cancer and cervical cancer are the most common cancers diagnosed in women in Indonesia. Currently, several testing methods to detect breast and cervical cancer early, such as breast self-examination (BSE) and pap smears, have been used to reduce cancer risk factors. However, these two methods are still not widely used. Outreach activities have been proven to increase knowledge about the importance of BSE and pap smears in women. This community service program aims to increase knowledge about the causes and symptoms of breast and cervical cancer, as well as early detection using BSE and pap smears. This service activity plan consisted of preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The method used consists of delivering interactive material, discussion, and practice. This activity was attended by 38 participants, consisting of women from PKK cadres in the Andir area, Ciroyom District, the majority of whom were over 35 years old. Based on the results of the post-test, this community service activity was successful in increasing participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards breast and cervical cancer as well as the early detection methods of BSE and pap smears.

Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Predictive Factors for Hematologic Toxicities During Concurrent Chemoradiation for Cervical Cancer.

The most recent research conducted for the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics indicates that, depending on the stage of cervical cancer (CC), several therapies can provide similar overall survival and progression-free survival rates. To determine the hematologic toxicities during concurrent chemotherapy for cervical cancer, we evaluated these two therapies (cisplatin or carboplatin). Hematologic markers have been studied using statistical models and descriptive statistics. Artificial intelligence models were built using the treatment data and all the information gathered from each patient after one or more administrations to forecast the CC stage. The information was gathered from stage III cervical cancer patients and provided by Oncohelp Hospital from the West Region of Romania. Many traditional machine learning techniques, such as naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), decision trees (DTs), and a trained transformer called TabPFN, were used in the current study to obtain the tabular data. The algorithms NB, RF, and DTs yielded the greatest classification score of 100% when it came to cervical cancer prediction. On the other hand, TabPFN demonstrated an accuracy of 88%. The effectiveness of the models was evaluated by computing the computational complexity of traditional machine learning methods. Early detection increases the likelihood of a good prognosis during the precancerous and malignant stages. Being aware of any indications and symptoms of cervical cancer can also help to prevent delays in diagnosis. These hematologic toxicities, which have been demonstrated to grow linearly with lowering hematologic markers below their normal expectations, would significantly impair patients' quality of life.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Deteksi Dini Keputihan (Leukhorrea) pada Wanita Usia Subur di Desa Margorejo Pati

Vaginal discharge is one of the reproductive health problems that often arise in adolescents which can be an early symptom of cervical cancer. Vaginal discharge is the discharge of white fluid or mucus that comes out of the genital organs that is not in the form of blood. Vaginal discharge is a complaint that often attacks women and does not know age (Sulistianingsih, 2014). Vaginal discharge is still considered not a serious thing so that in maintaining cleanliness, especially the genetic organs in women, are still lacking. This can be seen from the use of underwear that is not made of cotton. Even though it is possible that vaginal discharge can be caused by underwear made of synthetic fibers (nylon). (Kusmiran, 2019) The World Health Organization (WHO) in Suryandari and Rufaida (2019) stated that almost all women and adolescent girls have experienced vaginal discharge, 60% in adolescents (15-22 years old) and 40% in women (23-45 years old), if left vaginal discharge can cause adverse health effects, one of which is cervical cancer. Meanwhile, according to Wulandari (2015), as many as 75% of women who have experienced vaginal discharge at least 1 time in their lifetime with 50% in adolescents and 25% in women of childbearing age (WUS) out of 95% of cervical cancer cases that occur in women in Indonesia are characterized by vaginal discharge (3, 4). One of the effects of pathological vaginal discharge is cervical cancer. Every year, as many as 8,000 women in Indonesia die from cervical cancer. This means that almost every hour, an Indonesian woman dies because she is gnawed by cervical cancer. Cervical cancer attacks and kills women at the productive age of 20-25 years, but can appear in women at a younger age (5). Lack of proper knowledge and information about the health of the reproductive organs can cause a lack of attention to the health of the reproductive organs in terms of vaginal discharge.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan tentang Kanker Serviks pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) di Desa Kertawinangun Kecamatan Kedawung Kabupaten Cirebon

Cervical cancer is a primary malignant tumor originating from squamous epithelial cells or cells originating from the vagina and urethra, usually occurring in the cervix or cervix which is located between the uterus and the sexual canal (vagina). According to WHO 2018, cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in women throughout the world, estimated at 570,000, while new cases in 2018 or 6.6% of all cancers in women. Human papilloma virus or commonly called (HPV) is known to cause cervical cancer which can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, infection with several types of viruses, and personal hygiene. Symptoms of cervical cancer can be recognized by the presence of fluid from the birth canal, namely abnormal vaginal discharge, contact bleeding (bleeding during intercourse), and feeling pain during coitus / sexual intercourse as well as bleeding even after entering menopause. Early symptoms of pre-cancerous conditions are generally characterized by the discovery of abnormal cells. These abnormal cells develop into cervical cancer and then the following symptoms of cervical cancer appear; the appearance of pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse (contact bleeding), abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding outside the menstrual cycle, bleeding between regular menstrual periods, menstrual periods that are longer and more abundant than usual, bleeding after menopause, vaginal discharge excessive and abnormal, if the cancer has spread to the pelvis, the patient will suffer from complaints of pelvic pain, difficulty urinating, and enlarged kidneys. Cervical cancer can be prevented 100% by HPV vaccination, using condoms, avoiding tobacco consumption, and early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions.

Male support for cervical cancer screening in Debre Berhan City Ethiopia a community based cross sectional survey

Male partner involvement strongly influences a woman's decision to undergo cervical cancer screening. Women of low socioeconomic status are disproportionately affected by cervical cancer. Women living in low-and middle-income countries often encounter resistance from their partners regarding participation in cervical cancer screening. The lack of men's support for sexual and reproductive health programs, including cervical cancer screening, creates a barrier to women's utilization of health services. To assess Ethiopian men's awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening and their support to their female partners during screening. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 20, 2023, to August 04, 2023. A multistage sampling procedure was used to recruit 614 male survey participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sociodemographic data. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to measure the associations between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this survey, 58.5% (359) of participants supported their partners for cervical cancer screening. More than half 55.9% (343) of the participants had an awareness of cervical cancer disease and 47.2% (290) participants knew the risk factors associated with the development of cervical cancer. In addition to that, 66.8% (410) of men have a positive attitude towards screening and encourage their wives to get screened if they notice symptoms of cervical cancer. Regarding the perceptions of cervical cancer, 37.0% (227) of male participants believed that their female partners were at risk of developing the disease, while 38.3% (235) of men believed that cervical cancer screening was only necessary if the woman showed symptoms. Completion of higher education (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.60–8.79, p = 0.002), living with other people (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.29, p < 0.0001), not being tested for HIV (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.74, p = 0.011), and having information about cervical cancer (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.36–8.15, p = 0.009) were statistically significantly associated with men’s support for their partners in cervical cancer screening. Men’s awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of cervical cancer screening were low. On the other hand, men have a positive attitude towards screening and encourage their wives to get screened if they notice symptoms of cervical cancer. This survey will serve as a basis for the development of further strategies and action plans to promote and support male participation in cervical cancer screening in Ethiopia. This can be achieved through the development of strategic plans, including public campaigns, raising awareness among social and community leaders, involving non-governmental organizations focusing on women's health, and community education.

Latinas in the United States Facing Healthcare Access Challenges in a Mid-Size Urban Community

This study examines the discrepancies and underlying factors in access to healthcare resources regarding breast and cervical cancer for Latinas in a mid-sized urban midwestern community. A survey was conducted at clinics hosted by a local non-profit organization, and forty participants completed surveys for this study (n=40). Bivariate correlation analysis in SPSS determined that significant positive correlations were found between the subjects’ knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer and their knowledge of the recommended frequency of receiving pap smears (p&lt;0.01). Additionally, significant positive correlations were found between whether a subject had a primary care physician and their awareness of the resources available to them regarding breast and cervical cancer (p&lt;0.01). Also, this study suggests that existing discrepancies in critical healthcare screening exist within the targeted community and are similar or worse than findings from larger urban regions throughout the US.

The Effect of Giving Water Extract Boiled Beluntas Leaves on the Prevention of Vaginal Discharge in S1 Public Health Students at the STRADA Indonesia Institute of Health Sciences

Background: The high rate of vaginal discharge in women is caused by infection of various fungi in the vagina by bacteria Thricmonas vaginalis and candida albicans. Excessive and abnormal vaginal discharge can be an early symptom of cervical cancer that can lead to death in women. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving water extract of boiled beluntas leaves on the prevention of vaginal discharge in S1 Public Health students at the STRADA Indonesia Institute of Health Sciences. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental method with a type of research one group pre test post test. The population in this study was all S1 Public Health students at the STRADA Indonesia Institute of Health Sciences and sampling using the simple random sampling method with a total of 84 respondents. Data analysis techniques used to test hypotheses are the Wilcoxon Test and data collection using questionnaires. Results: Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test shows that the significance level is 0.000&lt; α = 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means that there is an effect of giving beluntas leaf boiled water extract on the prevention of leucorrhoea in S1 Public Health students at the STRADA Indonesia Institute of Health Sciences. Conclusion: It is expected that female students who experience vaginal discharge can apply water extract of beluntas leaf decoction as a non-pharmacological drug that can be used if experiencing vaginal discharge.

Automated reporting of cervical biopsies using artificial intelligence.

When detected at an early stage, the 5-year survival rate for people with invasive cervical cancer is 92%. Being aware of signs and symptoms of cervical cancer and early detection greatly improve the chances of successful treatment. We have developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm, trained and evaluated on cervical biopsies for automated reporting of digital diagnostics. The aim is to increase overall efficiency of pathological diagnosis and to have the performance tuned to high sensitivity for malignant cases. Having a tool for triage/identifying cancer and high grade lesions may potentially reduce reporting time by identifying areas of interest in a slide for the pathologist and therefore improving efficiency. We trained and validated our algorithm on 1738 cervical WSIs with one WSI per patient. On the independent test set of 811 WSIs, we achieved 93.4% malignant sensitivity for classifying slides. Recognising a WSI, with our algorithm, takes approximately 1.5 minutes on the NVIDIA Tesla V100 GPU. Whole slide images of different formats (TIFF, iSyntax, and CZI) can be processed using this code, and it is easily extendable to other formats.

Baseline knowledge on risk factors, symptoms and intended behavior of women and men towards screening and treatment of cervical cancer in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundKnowledge of risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer has been found to promote uptake of screening of cervical cancer. Most interventions targeted women without much involvement of men (husbands/decision makers) who are often decision makers in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed at assessing baseline knowledge and intended behavior of both women and men to enable design specific targeted messages to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening and promote early detection of women with symptoms.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts in Western Uganda using the modified African Women Awareness of CANcer (AWACAN) questionnaire. Women aged 30—49 years and their husbands/decision makers were interviewed. Knowledge on risk factors and symptoms, intended behavior and barriers towards participation in cervical cancer screening and treatment were assessed. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were done to establish the association between knowledge levels and other factors comparing women to men.ResultsA total of 724 women and 692 men were enrolled. Of these, 71.0% women and 67.2% men had ever heard of cervical cancer and 8.8% women had ever been screened. Knowledge of risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer was high and similar for both women and men.Lack of decision making by women was associated with low knowledge of risk factors (X2 = 14.542; p = 0.01), low education (X2 = 36.05, p < 0.01) and older age (X2 = 17.33, p < 0.01). Men had better help seeking behavior than women (X2 = 64.96, p < 0.01, OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.31—0.50) and were more confident and skilled in recognising a sign or symptom of cervical cancer (X2 = 27.28, p < 0.01, OR = 0.52, CI (0.40—0.67).ConclusionThe baseline knowledge for cervical cancer was high in majority of participants and similar in both women and men. Their intended behavior towards screening was also positive but screening uptake was very low. This study suggests developing messages on multiple interventions to promote screening behavior in addition to education, consisting of male involvement, women empowerment and making services available, accessible and women friendly.

The differential expression of AFF3 in cervical cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common malignancy in women, and identifying biomarkers of CC is crucial for prognosis prediction. Here, we investigated the expression of AF4/FMR2 Family Member 3 (AFF3) in CC and its association with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods Tumour and adjacent tissues, along with clinicopathological features and follow-up information, were collected from 78 patients. AFF3 expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The correlation between AFF3 expression and CC symptoms was using chi-square test. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Univariate analysis of prognostic risk factors was conducted using the COX proportional hazards model, followed by multivariate COX regression analysis including variables with p < 0.01. Results AFF3 expression was downregulated in CC, and its levels were correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage. Patients with low AFF3 expression had a lower 5-year OS rate (52.78%, 19/36). Postoperative survival was reduced in patients with histological grade 3 (G3), myometrial invasion (depth ≥ 1/2), lymphovascular space invasion, LNM, and advanced FIGO stage. Low expression of AFF3 (HR: 2.848, 95% CI: 1.144–7.090) and histological grade G3 (HR: 4.393, 95% CI: 1.663–11.607) were identified as independent prognostic risk factors in CC patients. Conclusion Low expression of AFF3 and histological G3 are independent predictors of poor prognosis in CC patients, suggesting that AFF3 could serve as a potential biomarker for prognostic assessment in CC.

The level of medical students' knowledge regarding the prevention of cervical cancer.

In Palestine, cervical cancer is the third most common gynaecological cancer, exhibiting higher mortality rates compared to regional counterparts. Late-stage diagnosis and limited awareness contribute to this disparity. This study aims to assess the awareness of Palestinian medical students regarding cervical cancer prevention. A questionnaire-based survey involving 532 medical students from various Palestinian universities was conducted between October 2023 and December 2023. The survey encompassed closed-ended quantitative and demographic questions distributed through social media. The study was carried out on a group of 532 medical students (66.3% women and 33.6% men), (average age 21.7years). Most students (77.7%) knew that the main risk factor for cervical cancer was human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Participants doing the internship had the greatest knowledge, whereas students from the first year had the poorest knowledge about the main risk factors for cancer of the cervix. Only about half, 50.2% of all students, knew that in Palestine, there is no screening program. 84.4% of students correctly indicated that the cervical cancer screening test is a pap smear test. 41.4% of respondents knew that microscopic evaluation of the exfoliated cells from the vaginal part of the cervix is the screening test for cervical cancer which is used. Only about half of the students (45.1%) knew that there were no specific early symptoms of cervical cancer. This study highlights the need for enhanced education, particularly regarding screening program awareness, among Palestinian medical students. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial for effective preventive strategies.

Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers Among HIV Positive Women Attending ART Clinic at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: Cervical cancer is the most common cause of morbidity and death among female cancer patients globally, particularly in poor nations like Ethiopia. It is a preventable, non-communicable disease of public health relevance. In Ethiopia, women&amp;apos;s acceptance of the services for cervical cancer screening and treatment is low and poorly recorded. The goal of the current study is to investigate the obstacles that HIV-positive women face while trying to use cervical cancer screening. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Objective&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: To investigate cervical cancer screening barriers among HIV positive women at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia, 2021. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: Between April and June of 2021, a qualitative study was carried out with women who tested positive for HIV and were enrolled in the ART clinic at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. At the time of the study, HIV-positive women and medical professionals were purposefully chosen from an ART clinic. In all, 14 patients and 9 healthcare professionals participated in the study. A schedule for in-depth interviews were used to gather data. Analysis was done by using atlas ti computer software. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Result&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer were not well known to the respondents. Women have identified several factors that impact their use of cervical screening: inadequate knowledge of the significance of screenings, perceptions of the seriousness of cervical cancer, the separation of the screening location from ART, having conflicting concerns, and emotional barriers like anxiety about a positive result, embarrassment, and shame anticipation. These same problems were recognized by healthcare professionals as obstacles to cervical screening. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: This study offers extensive data on the various complex reasons why women do not participate in cervical cancer screening programs. Consequently, it is crucial to develop interventions that can address and reduce these barriers.

Understanding cervical cancer awareness in hard-to-reach areas of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study involving women and household decisionmakers.

In Bangladesh, the uptake of cervical cancer screening is low. Lack of knowledge and understanding of symptoms and risk factors contributes to low screening uptake. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and symptoms and to measure the association with socio-demographic characteristics among women and household decisionmakers living in hard-to-reach areas of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five districts in Bangladesh among women aged between 30 and 60 years, their husbands, and their mothers-in-law from April to September 2022. Data were collected using a modified version of the validated AWACAN questionnaire tool. The significance level was considered at p-value <0.05 and odds ratios with 95% confidence. Nearly 50% of participating women in hard-to-reach areas of Bangladesh and their family decisionmakers had low levels of knowledge of the risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer. Only 20% of respondents in our survey knew about HPV, the most important risk factor for developing cervical cancer. Most respondents were familiar with the terminology of cervical cancer as a disease; however, approximately 40% of respondents did not know that not adhering to cervical cancer screening could be seen as a risk factor. Women do not make decisions about participation in cervical cancer screening on their own. Knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors and symptoms among decisionmakers was significantly associated with higher education and higher household monthly expenditure. Women, their husbands, and mothers-in-law in hard-to-reach areas of Bangladesh had limited knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and symptoms. Engaging these key decision-makers in targeted health education is vital to improve screening uptake. Conduction of future research to identify and address screening barriers is also essential for effective prevention efforts.

Screening of High and Low-risk Human Papillomavirus Variants in Cervical Cancer Patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological malignancy worldwide. Persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the principal risk factor leading to cervical carcinogenesis and causes a large number of casualties. Aim: To estimate the risk factors and symptoms related to cervical carcinoma and to check for mono-infection or co-infections of low-risk and high-risk HPVs in Northern Indian females. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2021 on 110 confirmed cervical cancer tissue samples collected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Pandit BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Information about risk factors and symptoms was collected using a semistructured proforma. Detection of HPV infection and HPV genotyping (16, 18, 33, 58, 6, and 11) was done by using type-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Fisher’s exact test was applied to determine the association of high- risk HPV infection with other risk factors using GraphPad Prism Version 6 (La Jolla, California, USA). A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of all the studied cases, 68 (62%) were above 55 years old, 67 (61%) were in a postmenopausal state, and 86 (78%) were from a rural background. Irregular menstruation was observed in 99 (90%) cases, bleeding after menopause in 59 (54%) cases, and early age at first intercourse in 57 (52%) cases were the most common symptoms. HPV infection was found in all cases of cervical carcinoma. The incidence of high- risk-HPV16 (84%) and HPV18 (73%) was the most prominent, while the incidence of low-risk-HPV6 (7.2%) and HPV11 (6%) was the lowest. Co-infection of HPV16/18 was the Highest in 60 (54.5%) cases, followed by HPV16/33 in 13 (11.8%) cases. Multi-infection of HPV types 16/18/33 was found in 10 (9.1%) cases, and multi-infection of HPV types 16/18/33/6/11, except HPV58, was found in one patient. Conclusion: Higher age, postmenopausal status, early age at intercourse, and poor menstrual hygiene were significantly associated with high-risk HPV co-infection. Educating women about the risk factors and symptoms of cervical cancer and screening for high-risk HPVs in rural women are required to reduce the prevalence of cervical cancer in Northern India.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Regarding Cervical Cancer and Screening among Women Visiting Selected Primary Health Centres in Ogbomosho, Nigeria

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers in the world and its` prognosis is better when detected early through cervical cancer screening. The study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding cervical cancer and screening among women visiting selected primary health centres (PHCs) in Ogbomosho. The study was conducted in May 2021, employing a descriptive cross-sectional design. A sample size of 124 respondents was determined using the Taro-Yamane formula and selected through convenience sampling technique. Data collection utilised a validated questionnaire, with analysis performed using descriptive statistics encompassing frequencies and percentages. Relationships between variables were tested using chi-square at a 0.05 significance level. Findings suggest that more than half (55%) had good knowledge of cervical and cervical cancer screening. The majority (70%) had a good attitude towards cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening. Less than one-third (21%) have had cervical cancer screening done before. Self-reported barriers limiting the practice of cervical cancer screening identified include lack of health education on cervical cancer screening (45.5%), lack of knowledge on the screenings (39.3%), absence of signs and symptoms of cervical cancer (39.3%), low socioeconomic status (29.5%), cost of the procedure (17.9%), unavailability of services (17.9%) and religious beliefs (14.3%). Chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the educational status of respondents and their knowledge of cervical cancer screening, likewise, a significant relationship exists between the knowledge of respondents and the practice of cervical cancer screening at P&lt; .05. Conclusively, the study has revealed the practice of cervical cancer screening was found to be low, indicating a disparity between knowledge/attitude and actual screening behaviour, although, knowledge was a key predictor of their screening practices. The way forward is to improve the knowledge of women on cervical cancer and screening via health education while efforts are being put in place to make cervical cancer screening services available at affordable cost.

Elucidating the role of tumor-associated ALOX5+ mast cells with transformative function in cervical cancer progression via single-cell RNA sequencing.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy among women globally and serves as the main cause of cancer-related deaths among women in developing countries. The early symptoms of CC are often not apparent, with diagnoses typically made at advanced stages, which lead to poor clinical prognoses. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between mast cells (MCs) and tumor development. However, research on the role MCs played in CC is still very limited at that time. Thus, the study conducted a single-cell multi-omics analysis on human CC cells, aiming to explore the mechanisms by which MCs interact with the tumor microenvironment in CC. The goal was to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CC, with the hope of improving patients' prognoses and quality of life. The present study acquired single-cell RNA sequencing data from ten CC tumor samples in the ArrayExpress database. Slingshot and AUCcell were utilized to infer and assess the differentiation trajectory and cell plasticity of MCs subpopulations. Differential expression analysis of MCs subpopulations in CC was performed, employing Gene Ontology, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene set variation analysis. CellChat software package was applied to predict cell communication between MCs subpopulations and CC cells. Cellular functional experiments validated the functionality of TNFRSF12A in HeLa and Caski cell lines. Additionally, a risk scoring model was constructed to evaluate the differences in clinical features, prognosis, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint, and functional enrichment across various risk scores. Copy number variation levels were computed using inference of copy number variations. The obtained 93,524 high-quality cells were classified into ten cell types, including T_NK cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells, B cells, plasma cells, MCs, neutrophils, and myeloid cells. Furthermore, a total of 1,392 MCs were subdivided into seven subpopulations: C0 CTSG+ MCs, C1 CALR+ MCs, C2 ALOX5+ MCs, C3 ANXA2+ MCs, C4 MGP+ MCs, C5 IL32+ MCs, and C6 ADGRL4+ MCs. Notably, the C2 subpopulation showed close associations with tumor-related MCs, with Slingshot results indicating that C2 subpopulation resided at the intermediate-to-late stage of differentiation, potentially representing a crucial transition point in the benign-to-malignant transformation of CC. CNVscore and bulk analysis results further confirmed the transforming state of the C2 subpopulation. CellChat analysis revealed TNFRSF12A as a key receptor involved in the actions of C2 ALOX5+ MCs. Moreover, in vitro experiments indicated that downregulating the TNFRSF12A gene may partially inhibit the development of CC. Additionally, a prognosis model and immune infiltration analysis based on the marker genes of the C2 subpopulation provided valuable guidance for patient prognosis and clinical intervention strategies. We first identified the transformative tumor-associated MCs subpopulation C2 ALOX5+ MCs within CC, which was at a critical stage of tumor differentiation and impacted the progression of CC. In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of knocking down the TNFRSF12A gene on the development of CC. The prognostic model constructed based on the C2 ALOX5+MCs subset demonstrated excellent predictive value. These findings offer a fresh perspective for clinical decision-making in CC.

Cervical cancer awareness, knowledge, behavioural patterns, and practice of screening and vaccination in females of hilly regions of North India - A hospital-based observational study.

The mainstay of cervical cancer elimination and control is an effective screening and education program. The present study was conducted to assess awareness about cervical cancer, knowledge of cervical cancer symptoms, risk factors, screening and vaccination, attitude towards various aspects of cervical cancer, and screening and vaccination practices amongst women of Uttarakhand. The present study was a prospective observational study. A total of 215 patients were recruited from Gynecology OPD, AIIMS, Rishikesh, from January to December 2021, and 195 women meeting the eligibility criterion were finally analyzed based on the KAP questionnaire interview method. The study population had 40% illiterate participants. Of all participants, 87% were aware of cervical cancer as a disease entity, only 0.5% had good knowledge, and 99.5% had poor knowledge of symptoms, risk factors, screening, and vaccination for cervical cancer. 87% showed a favourable attitude. Only 1 out of 195 participants was ever screened previously, and none of them were vaccinated. The main hindrance in the context of hilly or challenging-to-serve areas is mainly the education and information services. The resource allocation to difficult health-inaccessible areas is required to bring a major change in practices for prevention of cervical cancer; this can be dramatically improved by population-based screening and vaccination programs at affordable prices.