Symptoms Complaints Research Articles

ChemInform Abstract: Application Study of Drug Information to Proper Use of Drugs - Estimation of Adverse Drug Reactions by the Evaluation Scores of Subjective Symptoms (Complaints) and Background of Patients

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Application study of drug information to proper use of drugs--estimation of adverse drug reactions by the evaluation scores of subjective symptoms (complaints) and background of patients

We have built a database for CARPIS (Case Reports of Adverse Drug Reaction and Poisoning Information System) since 1987, and the case reports of adverse drug reactions accumulated in the CARPIS database to be total about 20,000. The purpose of our study is to develop, implement, and assess an estimation procedure for preventing the adverse drug reactions by subjective symptoms (complaints) of patients using this CARPIS. The case reports of the adverse reactions are not a systematical study and are elapse reports by the case, which encountered on the way of the cure. Therefore, it might be possible to use as the data if not gaining enough evaluation. Especially, the abstracts in the annual meeting of the society are fragmentary and does not often have objective evidence. Therefore, we contrived an original evaluation method and carefully selected the case reports for our study. Also, the adverse reactions are very colorful and it is difficult to handle them at once. Therefore, we study every organ and want to aim to make a finally all-round format. We reported on the Liver disorders, the Extra-pyramidal symptoms, the Drug eruption, the Leukopenia and so on. We discovered that there was an adverse reaction which shows very peculiar subjective symptoms (ex. Extra-pyramidal symptoms) and unpeculiar subjective symptoms (ex. Leukopenia). We want to show our point of view and the future of our study below.

Estimation of adverse drug reactions by the evaluation scores of subjective symptoms (complaints) and background of patients. V. Drug-induced gastrointestinal system disorders

The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and assess an estimation procedure for preventing adverse drug reaction by subjective symptoms (complaints) of patients. This time, we focused and studied on drug-induced gastrointestinal system disorders. We have built a database for CARPIS (Case Reports of Adverse Drug Reaction and Poisoning Information System) since 1987. We studied 224 cases of drug-induced Gastrointestinal System Disorders (stomach or colon disorders: 148, esophagus disorders: 31, pancreas disorders: 45) cumulated in the CARPIS database. The evaluation scores were created based on the subjective symptoms and backgrounds of the patients. We estimated 224 cases using these evaluation scores. We could estimate 137 cases (92.6%) in 148 cases to be stomach or colon disorders by the use of these evaluation scores. The validity of this evaluation scores was estimated to be as follows: Sensitivity = 92.6%, Specificity = 95.0% and Predictive Value of Positive Test (PVP) = 96.5%. The positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 18.5 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.08. On the other hand, in the case of esophagus disorders, PVP was 84.8% and LR was 18.1. In the case of pancreas disorders, PVP was 90.7% and LR was 21.7. In this study, PVP and LR values were good. We thought that these evaluation scores could pick up the drug-induced gastrointestinal system disorders efficiently. We reported previously the evaluation scores about drug-induced liver disorders, extra-pyramidal symptoms, leukopenia and eruption before. In order to apply these evaluation scores onto the clinical practice, we prepared an evaluation form for subjective symptoms and backgrounds of the patients with adverse drug reactions. As a result, the adverse reactions symptoms of each one defined more.

Estimation of adverse drug reactions by the evaluation scores of subjective symptoms (complaints) and background of patients. IV. Drug eruptions

The purpose of this study is to develop, implement, and assess an estimation procedure for preventing adverse drug reaction by subjective symptoms (complaints) of patients. This time, we focused and studied on drug eruptions. We have built a database for CARPIS (Case Reports of Adverse Drug Reaction and Poisoning Information System) since 1987, and the case reports of adverse drug reactions accumulated in the CARPIS database to be total about 20,000. We studied 1473 cases of drug eruptions cumulated in CARPIS database. The evaluation scores were created based on the subjective symptoms and backgrounds of the patients. We estimated 1473 cases using this evaluation scores. We could estimate 1455 cases (98.8%) in 1473 cases to be drug eruptions using this evaluation scores. The validity of this evaluation scores were sensitivity = 98.8%, specificity = 91.0% and predictive value of positive test = 99.4%. The positive likelihood ratio was 11.0 and negative likelihood ratio was 0.01. This study confirmed the validity of our evaluation scores. We reported the evaluation scores about drug-induced liver diseases, drug-induced extra-pyramidal symptoms and drug-induced leukopenia before. In order to apply these evaluation scores to the clinical practice, we prepared an evaluation form for subjective symptoms and backgrounds of the patients with adverse drug reactions.

Fraud: bringing light to the dark side of business

Part I: The Nature of Fraud: The Seriousness of the Fraud. Fraud Perpetrators and Their Motivations. Internal Control Factors. Noncontrol Factors. How Perpetrators Explain Their Actions. Part II: The Detection of Fraud: Fraud Symptoms Employee, Management, and Investment. Fraud Symptoms Accounting, Control, and Organizational Structure. Fraud Symptoms Analytical Procedures and Relationships with Other Parties. Fraud Symptoms Tips and Complaints, Changes in Behavior or Lifestyle, and Demographics. Part III: The Investigation of Fraud: Theft Act Investigative Methods. Concealment Investigative Methods. Conversion Investigative Methods. Inquiry Investigative Methods. Concluding the Investigation. Part IV: The Presention of Fraud: Fraud Prevension Creating a Culture of Honesty, Openness, and Assistance. Fraud Prevention Eliminating Opportunities for Fraud. Part V: A Comprehensive Fraud Prevention Program. Prevention, Detection, and Investigation of Fraud.