Symplectic Schur Functions Research Articles

Symplectic Grothendieck polynomials, universal characters and integrable systems

This paper is concerned with the K-theoretic analogs of symplectic Schur functions and symplectic universal character. In this paper, we first show that the linear transformations of the vertex operators presentation of symplectic Schur functions are polynomial tau-functions of symplectic KP hierarchy, and give a new symmetric function called symplectic Grothendieck polynomial, together with its vertex operators and fermions realizations, then prove that these functions are also the polynomial tau-functions of the symplectic KP hierarchy. In addition, we extend these results to universal character, and give a generalization of symplectic Grothendieck polynomial, called symplectic Grothendieck universal character.

Giant gravitons, Harish-Chandra integrals, and BPS states in symplectic and orthogonal mathcal{N} = 4 SYM

We find generating functions for half BPS correlators in mathcal{N} = 4 SYM theories with gauge groups Sp(2N), SO(2N + 1), and SO(2N) by computing the norms of a class of BPS coherent states. These coherent states are built from operators involving Harish-Chandra integrals. Such operators have an interpretation as localized giant gravitons in the bulk of anti-de-Sitter space. This extends the analysis of [1] to Sp(2N), SO(2N + 1), and SO(2N) gauge theories. We show that we may use ordinary Schur functions as a basis for the sector of states with no cross-caps in these theories. This is consistent with the construction of these theories as orientifold projections of an SU(2N) theory. We make note of some relations between the symmetric functions that appear in the expansion of these coherent states and symplectic Schur functions. We also comment on some connections to Schubert calculus and Gromov-Witten invariants, which suggest that the Harish-Chandra integral may be extended to such problems.

Quantum fields presentation and generating functions of symplectic Schur functions and symplectic universal characters

This paper is concerned with construction of quantum fields presentation and generating functions of symplectic Schur functions and symplectic universal characters. The boson–fermion correspondence for these symmetric functions have been presented. In virtue of quantum fields, we derive a series of infinite order nonlinear integrable equations, namely, universal character hierarchy, symplectic KP hierarchy and symplectic universal character hierarchy, respectively. In addition, the solutions of these integrable systems have been discussed.

Orthosymplectic Cauchy Identities

We give bijective proofs of orthosymplectic analogues of the Cauchy identity and dual Cauchy identity for orthosymplectic Schur functions. To do so, we present two insertion algorithms; these are orthosymplectic versions of Berele’s symplectic insertion algorithms, which were used by Sundaram to give bijective proofs of Cauchy identities for symplectic Schur functions.

The Orthogonal and Symplectic Schur Functions, Vertex Operators and Integrable Hierarchies

In this paper, we first construct an integrable system whose solutions include the orthogonal Schur functions and the symplectic Schur functions. We find that the orthogonal Schur functions and the symplectic Schur functions can be obtained by one kind of Boson-Fermion correspondence which is slightly different from the classical one. Then, we construct a universal character which satisfies the bilinear equation of a new infinite-dimensional integrable orthogonal UC hierarchy.

Generalized symplectic Schur functions and SUC hierarchy

In this paper, we first define a generalization of the symplectic Schur functions and their vertex operator realizations. By means of the vertex operators, we obtain a series of non-linear partial differential equations of infinite order, the symplectic UC hierarchy (called the SUC hierarchy); we regard it as an extension of the symplectic KP hierarchy.

Quantum inverse scattering method and generalizations of symplectic Schur functions and Whittaker functions

We introduce generalizations of type C and B ice models which were recently introduced by Ivanov and Brubaker–Bump–Chinta–Gunnells, and study in detail the partition functions of the models by using the quantum inverse scattering method. We compute the explicit forms of the wavefunctions and their duals by using the Izergin–Korepin technique, which can be applied to both models. For type C ice, we show the wavefunctions are expressed using generalizations of the symplectic Schur functions. This gives a generalization of the correspondence by Ivanov. For type B ice, we prove that the exact expressions of the wavefunctions are given by generalizations of the Whittaker functions introduced by Bump–Friedberg–Hoffstein. The special case is the correspondence conjectured by Brubaker–Bump–Chinta–Gunnells. We also show the factorized forms for the domain wall boundary partition functions for both models. As a consequence of the studies of the partition functions, we obtain dual Cauchy formulas for the generalized symplectic Schur functions and the generalized Whittaker functions.

A $q$-deformation of the symplectic Schur functions and the Berele insertion algorithm

A randomisation of the Berele insertion algorithm is proposed, where the insertion of a letter to a symplectic Young tableau leads to a distribution over the set of symplectic Young tableaux. Berele’s algorithm provides a bijection between words from an alphabet and a symplectic Young tableau along with a recording oscillating tableau. The randomised version of the algorithm is achieved by introducing a parameter $0< q <1$. The classic Berele algorithm corresponds to letting the parameter $q\to 0$. The new version provides a probabilistic framework that allows to prove Littlewood-type identities for a $q$-deformation of the symplectic Schur functions. These functions correspond to multilevel extensions of the continuous $q$-Hermite polynomials. Finally, we show that when both the original and the $q$-modified insertion algorithms are applied to a random word then the shape of the symplectic Young tableau evolves as a Markov chain on the set of partitions.

Dual wavefunction of the symplectic ice

The wavefunction of the free-fermion six-vertex model was found to give a natural realization of the Tokuyama combinatorial formula for the Schur polynomials by Bump-Brubaker-Friedberg. Recently, we studied the correspondence between the dual version of the wavefunction and the Schur polynomials, which gave rise to another combinatorial formula. In this paper, we extend the analysis to the reflecting boundary condition, and show the exact correspondence between the dual wavefunction and the symplectic Schur functions. This gives a dual version of the integrable model realization of the symplectic Schur functions by Ivanov. We also generalize to the correspondence between the wavefunction, the dual wavefunction of the six-vertex model and the factorial symplectic Schur functions by the inhomogeneous generalization of the model.

Vertex Operators,Weyl Determinant Formulae and Littlewood Duality

Vertex operator realizations of symplectic and orthogonal Schur functions are studied and expanded. New proofs of determinant identities of irreducible characters for the symplectic and orthogonal groups are given. We also give a new proof of the duality between the universal orthogonal and symplectic Schur functions using vertex operators.

A determinant formula for a holonomic q-difference system associated with Jackson integrals of type [formula omitted

A Jackson integral of type BC n is a multisum generalization of the very-well-poised-balanced ψ 2 r 2 r basic hypergeometric series. We state an explicit product formula for the determinant of a matrix with entries given by the BC n type Jackson integrals. In order to show this, we treat the determinant as a solution of a holonomic q-difference equation. In particular we give the q-difference equation explicitly as a two-term recurrence relation, which the determinant satisfies, by introducing a set of new symmetric polynomials via the symplectic Schur functions.

Q-difference shift for a [formula omitted]-type Jackson integral arising from ‘elementary’ symmetric polynomials

We study a q-difference equation of a BCn-type Jackson integral introduced by van Diejen. The BCn-type Jackson integral is a multiple q-series generalized from a q-analogue of Selberg's integral. The equation is characterized by some new symmetric polynomials defined via symplectic Schur functions. As an application, we give another proof of a product formula for the BCn-type Jackson integral, which is equivalent to the so-called q-Macdonald–Morris identity for the root system BCn first obtained by Gustafson.

Generalized Bernstein Polynomials and Symmetric Functions

We begin by classifying all solutions of two natural recurrences that Bernstein polynomials satisfy. The first scheme gives a natural characterization of Stancu polynomials. In Section 2, we identify the Bernstein polynomials as coefficients in the generating function for the elementary symmetric functions, which gives a new proof of total positivity for Bernstein polynomials, by identifying the required determinants as Schur functions. In the final section, we introduce a new class of approximation polynomials based on the symplectic Schur functions. These polynomials are shown to agree with the polynomials introduced by Vaughan Jones in his work on subfactors and knots. We show that they have the same fundamental properties as the usual Bernstein polynomials: variation diminishing (whose proof uses symplectic characters), uniform convergence, and conditions for monotone convergence.

On Odd Symplectic Schur Functions

Proctor defined combinatorially a family of Laurent Polynomials, called odd symplectic Schur functions, indexed by pairs (λ,c), where λ is partition andcis a column length of λ. A conjecture of Proctor (Invent. Math.92,1988, 307–332) includes the statement that the odd symplectic Schur functions are actually characters ofSp(2n+1,C). The purpose of the present note is to prove this.