Symmetric Encryption Algorithm Research Articles

Development of an improved SSL/TLS protocol using post-quantum algorithms

The development of Internet technologies together with mobile and computer technologies have formed smart technologies that allow the formation of both cyber-physical and socio-cyber-physical systems. The basis of smart technologies is the integration of wireless channel standards with mobile and computer protocols. 4G/5G technologies are integrated with various web platforms, taking into account the digitalization of services in cyberspace. But the SSL/TLS protocol, based on the hybridization of symmetric encryption algorithms with hashing algorithms (AEAD mode), which is supposed to provide security services, is vulnerable to “Meet in the middle”, POODLE, BEAST, CRIME, BREACH attacks. In addition, with the advent of a full-scale quantum computer, symmetric and asymmetric cryptography algorithms that provide security services can also be hacked. To increase the level of security, an improved protocol based on post-quantum algorithms – crypto-code constructions is proposed, which will ensure not only resistance to current attacks, but also stability in the post-quantum period. To ensure the “hybridity” of services, it is proposed to use the McEliece and Niederreiter crypto-code constructions (confidentiality and integrity are ensured) and the improved UMAC algorithm on the McEliece crypto-code construction. Taking into account the level of “secrecy” of information, it is suggested to use various combinations of crypto-code constructions on different algebraic geometric and/or flawed codes. The use of crypto-code constructions not only provides resistance to attacks, but also simplifies the formation of a connection – the parameters of elliptic curves are used to transmit a common key. This approach significantly reduces the connection time of mobile gadgets and simplifies the procedure of agreement before data transfer

Application of hybrid encryption algorithm in physical layer software control

In order to address the risk of information leakage in physical layer software, the author proposes the application of hybrid encryption algorithms in physical layer software control. First of all, on the basis of the successful construction of the hardware platform, select the baseband chip of the encryption terminal, calculate the block cipher in the symmetric encryption algorithm, and establish a RAS cryptosystem to encrypt the transmission system in a mixed way, so as to realize the loss prevention transmission of user information data. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the first transmission experiment reached 98.5%. After multiple experiments, it was concluded that the accuracy of network transmission systems using hybrid encryption algorithms is relatively higher than traditional methods in the process of information and data transmission. In the previous experiment, the accuracy could still reach 98%, which proves that the accuracy of information transmission has significantly improved compared to traditional methods. It has been proven that compared with traditional network transmission systems, the transmission accuracy of the designed transmission system is significantly improved, effectively avoiding the loss of important data information for users.

Searchable encryption over encrypted speech retrieval scheme in cloud storage

Aiming at the privacy and security issues of sensitive speech data in cloud storage, and how to achieve efficient retrieval with privacy-preserving for encrypted speech data in cloud storage, a searchable encryption over encrypted speech retrieval scheme in cloud storage was proposed. Firstly, the data owner encrypts the original speech data adopting symmetric encryption algorithm Lorenz chaotic mapping. Secondly, the encrypted speech data is uploaded to the cloud server for storage, and meanwhile the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC) features of original speech are extracted as the input of the convolutional neural network (CNN) to execute the deep semantic feature extraction, which is taken as the speech keywords. Finally, the extracted speech keywords are encrypted and stored in the cloud. When the authorized user sends a retrieval request, the trained CNN is utilized to extract the keywords of the speech to be retrieved, and the search trapdoor is generated and sent to the cloud server. In the process of retrieval, the Euclidean distance is used to match the encrypted keywords with the search trapdoor. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed scheme has higher security and retrieval accuracy, and can be suitable for the encrypted storage of speech data and efficient secure retrieval.

Research on Blockchain Anonymous Communication Based on Key Derivation

Abstract With the continuous development of the Internet and communication technologies, network communication provides convenience but also brings security problems such as exposure of users' personal privacy information and theft, private tampering, and forgery of false information. Modern cryptography technology is an important safeguard against message eavesdropping and tampering, while the rapidly developing anonymous communication technology in this century makes it difficult for attackers to infer user's personal information and communication relationships. In response to the potential threats of traditional centralized systems such as central nodes being vulnerable to attacks and data storage being tampered with, this paper proposes a blockchain anonymous communication algorithm KDAC based on key derivation, which takes advantage of the decentralization, data immutability, consensus mechanism and anonymity of blockchain and combines the ECC cryptographic derivation algorithm and anonymous communication technology to realize the key-at-a-time, one-address-at-a-time The key derivation scheme ensures the message integrity and tamper-evident while effectively hiding the identity information of both communication parties. In addition, this paper also optimizes the blockchain anonymous communication system with key derivation. Users only need the initial key of blockchain nodes to join the network for communication, and the information transmission is difficult to trace based on the blockchain network, which can effectively guarantee communication security and anonymity. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the derived key algorithm is roughly in the same order of magnitude as that of the 256-bit AES symmetric encryption algorithm, which can play a better role in practical applications. On the other hand, the derived key generated based on the algorithm has complete randomness in association verification, and it is impossible to reverse the initial parameters, which can well guarantee the anonymity of user identity.

Description of Image encryption Using AES-256 bits

Abstract: Image Encryption using AES Algorithm is a technique to secure the confidentiality of images. One of the most popular and secure encryption algorithms is the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. It is a symmetric encryption algorithm that encrypts data using a 128-bit block cipher. In this process, the image is first converted into a binary format. Then, a random 128-bit key is generated, which is used to create a sequence of subkeys that will be used for each round of encryption. The binary image is then divided into 128-bit blocks, and the encryption algorithm is applied to each block using the subkeys generated earlier. This process ensures that the image is encrypted securely and is only accessible to those who have the key to decrypt it. One of the advantages of using AES is that it provides a high level of security, making it difficult for hackers to decrypt the encrypted data. Additionally, AES is a fast algorithm and can be implemented easily in hardware or software. The use of AES for image encryption ensures that the image is protected against unauthorized access and provides a secure way of transmitting sensitive images over the internet. Thus we can say that Image Encryption using AES Algorithm is a secure and efficient way to protect the confidentiality of images. It uses AES, a widely used encryption algorithm, to encrypt images securely, making it difficult for hackers to decrypt them without the key.

СТЕГАНОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ВСТРАИВАНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В SVG-ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ НА ВЕБ-СТРАНИЦЕ

This study suggests a steganographic algorithm for embedding data in SVG images integrated into html code. The algorithm uses a composite key that includes an embed key, an encryption key, and a replacement table. The basic principle of embedding is to add style classes to an SVG image. These classes do not affect the picture in the browser. The message is encoded as the names of the classes to be added. Class names are formed based on a symmetric encryption algorithm and a replacement table. One class name contains 9 bits of information. A style set is generated for each added class. The new styles do not affect the appearance of the picture. Style settings are defined either based on default values or based on existing classes. Embed labels are added to tags with embedded data. The labels are calculated based on the hash functions from the string from the embedding key and the block number. Embedded data is randomly distributed over the code of an html page with SVG images. This arrangement makes it difficult to analyze the page when hacking the system. Embedded information is detected by sequential analysis of page code and search for embed marks. The sender of the message must have a permission to edit the web page. The recipient retrieves the message in page code view. An analysis of possible attacks on the proposed system has been carried out. Hacking of the system is possible only by direct overhauling. The system is resilient with the correct choice of hash function and encryption algorithm. The proposed steganographic embedding method is effective for html pages containing a fairly large number of SVG images.

Privacy-Preserving Medical Data-Sharing System with Symmetric Encryption Based on Blockchain

Nowadays, data between hospitals are usually not interoperable, which brings great inconvenience to medical data sharing and patients’ medical treatment. In addition, patients do not want their medical data to be leaked during the sharing process. Researchers have employed blockchain to build data-sharing systems to address these issues. However, current systems do not restrict the power of participants, nor do they prevent visitors from sharing the obtained data to unauthorized parties. To address these issues, we propose a private data-sharing system with symmetric encryption for the medical industry that implements power restriction and access control, and prevents the leakage of private data. To be specific, firstly, symmetric encryption algorithm is utilized to encrypt medical data to protect the privacy of data owner. Secondly, our proposed system is built on a new blockchain framework, in which only visitors with permission can access the medical data. Thirdly, we employ chameleon signature to prevent visitors from sharing data with other parties without permission. Finally, we make the power of participants in the system revocable to prevent them from abusing their power. Our proposed system has been proven to be secure through security analysis and can protect the privacy of patients. In addition, the experimental results show that our system has excellent performance in terms of time overhead compared to other systems.

Analisa Penyandian File Dokumen Kriptografi Menggunakan Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

(Cryptography Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for File Document Encryption). Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a cryptographic algorithms as a standard symmetric key encryption algorithm that used in current time. AES 128 has 1 blok plaintext with 128 bit sized, where in the process of cryptographic algorithms, first the plaintext is converted into hexadecimal-sized 4 x 4 matrices called the state, where each element of state has 1 byte size. The process of encryption on AES is the transformation towards the state repeatedly in the 10th round. Each round of AES requires one key result of the key generation using 2 basic transformation, i.e. substitution and transformation. AES encryption using 4 transformation by the following sequence: subbytes, shiftrows, mixcolumns, and addroundkey. On the other hand, the process of decryption is using the inverse of all the basic transformation of AES algorithm, except addroundkey. Therefore, the sequence of transformation on the decription is invshiftrows, invsubbytes, invmixcolumns, and addroundkey. In the data text, the encryption process is initiated with convertion the data text into ASCII code in hexadecimal numbers that are molded into the matrix 4 x 4 bytes. Next, do some basic transformation such as subbytes, shiftrows, mixcolumns, and addroundkey. However, when performing the transformation, the processed data on every trasformation is in the form of binary data obtained from the hexadecimal matrix. AES 128 bit cryptography have room 2128 keys which is a tremendous value and is considered secure to use to avoid the brute force attack.

Protection of personal data in health using symmetric encryption: a comparative study between different algorithms

The LGPD (Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados) aims to protect the right to privacy of personal data of Brazilians. A challenging impasse for several institutions, mainly in the health area, is the process of evolving their systems to the new requirements imposed by the LGPD. The imposition of items such as data encryption and its impact on the performance of these systems brings a discussion about how this additional protection should be provided. This article analyzes several symmetric encryption algorithms available in the PyCryptodome library, such as DES, 3DES, Blowfish, CAST-128 and RC2 to identify which of these would be most suitable for the type of attributes most commonly used in these environments. For the experiments, an application was developed in Python 3 that generates volumes of predefined data, compatible with data from personal attribute management systems in the health area. This data is also applied to the encryption algorithms, where time measurements and function calls are performed during the data encryption and decryption process. The results show the disparity in performance between the different encryption algorithms, as well as the analyzes using different data volumes.

Components and kay features of the analisis symmetric cryptocircuit

This article discusses the key aspects and technologies of applying many cryptanalysis methods for assessing the stability of symmetric block encryption algorithms. The following aspects of analysis methods such as linear, differential, slide attack, algebraic analyzes are also considered. Approaches to the analysis of the AES standard are compared. Also, when considering the approaches to the analysis of modern symmetric cryptosystems, special attention is paid to special questions regarding the possibility of using distributed multiprocessor calculations in order to reduce the analysis time.

A Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Medical Diagnosis Records Based on Encrypted Image Steganography

Healthcare diagnosis records are essential as they establish perpetual reports on the health of patients. These records are in nature meant to be kept confidential. It is for this reason that medical data should be secured before transmission. Steganography and cryptography are old concepts used to secure communications. Steganography is hiding data into a carrier, for instance, images, videos, texts, and files. It seeks to hide the existence of communications. Cryptography is communication in deciphering secret writings or ciphers. In our privacy-preserving scheme for healthcare records, a hybrid approach is used to ensure the maximum multi-level security of medical records before transmission. The proposed system utilizes AES-128 which is a symmetric key encryption algorithm to scramble the data. As compared to asymmetric key encryption, symmetric key encryption is faster as only one key is used for both encryption and decryption. To resolve the problem of key distribution that plagues symmetric cryptosystems, the proposed system makes use of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm for key agreement. In this way, the encryption essentials are securely exchanged before the actual transmission of the date. To ensure efficient and optimal steganography throughput, the Least significant bit (LSB) which involves the hiding of information in the most repetitive bits of each pixel of an image was implemented for steganography. The technique was chosen because the level of distortion made to the image is low hence the image quality change is minimal. As such, the resultant robust system, is highly impeccable, utilises efficient compression, and has improved capacity which are all desirable features for securing medical health records.

Symmetrical Cryptosystems based on Cellular Automata

This paper deals with the development of two symmetric encryption algorithms on the basis of cellular automata: a block cipher, that is based on AES and uses three-dimensional cellular automata; a stream cipher, that exploits a hardware-software entropy generation (tracking of keystrokes and mouse pointer movement), as well as the developed hash function, based on “cryptographic sponge” architecture of SHA-3, modified by cellular automata transformations. The block cipher is designed in architecture of SP-network and uses the AES substitution block. Permutation layer and key generation is designed on the basis of cellular automata rules (rules “22”, “105” and “150”). The optimal number of rounds to achieve maximum crypto resistance is determined. The stream cipher is designed on the basis of hardware-software entropy generation and uses the cryptographic hash-function in the SHA-3 architecture. Permutation function is developed on the basis of cellular automata rules (rules “30” and “146”). The procedures of shift and permutation of rows and columns is used for better permutation. A final permutation of state elements is used to improve the avalanche effect. The received results are analyzed and summarized; the conclusions and justifications about cipher parameters (like number of rounds, where needed) are made.

Improving the IoT and Cloud Computing integration using Hybrid Encryption

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an essential technology in many Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and since sensor nodes suffer from limited resources, it has become possible to overcome storage capacity problems using cloud computing, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud computing (CC) seeks to achieve new levels of efficiency in service delivery. Security and privacy are key factors that slow down the rapid and widespread adoption and deployment of both IoT and cloud computing. In the proposed model, an integrated IoT system with cloud computing was developed starting from the analysis, and design, to the implementation to connect IoT devices with the cloud, the security is achieved by using a hybrid encryption mechanism which provides the performance advantages of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms. Where the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm is used for key generation and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm is used for encryption and decryption of the sensors' data to provide a reliable computing environment. We have implemented the proposed system and showed the results of using CONTIKI COOJA 3.0 that connected with the cloud service provider, Evaluate a set of performance metrics such as power consumption, packet delivery ratio, and the algorithm execution time, in addition to verifying network immunity against the black hole attack.

Privacy Preserved Video Summarization of Road Traffic Events for IoT Smart Cities

The purpose of smart surveillance systems for automatic detection of road traffic accidents is to quickly respond to minimize human and financial losses in smart cities. However, along with the self-evident benefits of surveillance applications, privacy protection remains crucial under any circumstances. Hence, to ensure the privacy of sensitive data, European General Data Protection Regulation (EU-GDPR) has come into force. EU-GDPR suggests data minimisation and data protection by design for data collection and storage. Therefore, for a privacy-aware surveillance system, this paper targets the identification of two areas of concern: (1) detection of road traffic events (accidents), and (2) privacy preserved video summarization for the detected events in the surveillance videos. The focus of this research is to categorise the traffic events for summarization of the video content, therefore, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, i.e., You Only Look Once (YOLOv5), has been employed. YOLOv5 is trained using a customised synthetic dataset of 600 annotated accident and non-accident video frames. Privacy preservation is achieved in two steps, firstly, a synthetic dataset is used for training and validation purposes, while, testing is performed on real-time data with an accuracy from 55% to 85%. Secondly, the real-time summarized videos (reduced video duration to 42.97% on average) are extracted and stored in an encrypted format to avoid un-trusted access to sensitive event-based data. Fernet, a symmetric encryption algorithm is applied to the summarized videos along with Diffie–Hellman (DH) key exchange algorithm and SHA256 hash algorithm. The encryption key is deleted immediately after the encryption process, and the decryption key is generated at the system of authorised stakeholders, which prevents the key from a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack.

Perancangan Sistem Keamanan Website Dengan Metode Hill Chiper

Security is a protection of something that is considered bad or unfavorable and can be detrimental. A website collection of site pages, which are usually summarized in a domain or subdomain, which is located within the World Wide Web (WWW) on the Internet. The WWW consists of an entire website that is publicly available. along with the development of the times the website is increasingly developing through the hands of programmers and developers so that the website is easily accessible, the Hill cipher is a polygraphy based on linear algebra. Each letter is represented by the modulo number 26. With a simple scheme A = 0, B = 1, ..., Z = 25 is used, each block of n letters (considered an n-component vector) multiplied by an inreversible matrix n × n, against a modulus of 26. The Progress of the Times, especially in the field of Technology, makes many people try to steal websites, in an unexpected way and can harm programmers or developers, therefore researchers make applications as a solution to maintain website security by using the Hill Cipher Cryptography method type symmetric encryption algorithm. and for its safety to be better, So the researcher added the 3x3 order as a verification of data encoding. So that programmers and developers can maintain and protect the website that has been created.

A versatile mathematical function for generating stable and chaotic systems: A data encryption application

Being the generation of chaos through a practical function still a current challenge, here we present a new function called Tukmuky Jinma’any-Function (TJF), highly programable, that generates chaos for practical applications. TJF provides complex behaviour with easy implementation, generating either periodic, quasi-periodic, weak, or strong chaotic trajectories.As an example of its applicability, we use this function as the entropy source of a symmetric encryption algorithm, using an image bitstream as test data with outstanding results, overcoming the drawbacks of previous chaos-based cryptosystems; e.g. the encryption uses strong keys and does not present gaps in its key space.

Improvement of Cloud Computing Medical Data Protection Technology Based on Symmetric Encryption Algorithm

Abstract The traditional data-protection method has the advantages of a long average secrecy time and low encryption efficiency in healthcare. This paper proposes an improved method of cloud-computing data-protection technology based on a symmetric encryption algorithm. According to the characteristics of cloud computing, a trusted communication channel for virtual machine monitoring is established on users and servers. The cloud-computing data-protection technology with four functional modules of “multi-copy protection,” “file access,” “integrity verification,” and “accountability” is deployed in the channel by using the improved symmetrical encryption differential-algebraic equations algorithm combined with the symmetrical encryption algorithms data encryption standard and advanced encryption standard to do the following: bind the identity of cloud-service providers; realize mixed encryption of plaintext segmentation; and add random interference information. These clusters are built on Hadoop to simulate the cloud-computing environment. The experimental results show that the average encryption and decryption times of this method are the best under different data amounts. At the same time, the encryption efficiency and throughput are over 95 %. The protection effect of this method on cloud-computing data is verified.

Design of Wireless Sensor Network Data Acquisition System via Health Sensor Based on Symmetric Encryption Algorithm

Abstract In order to improve the data collection effect of the wireless sensor network, a data collection system based on symmetric encryption algorithm is designed via health sensor. Upload the received data to the host via RS-232 to get the working mode and clock activity. The data acquisition circuit is designed with MSP430 module. The MapReduce programming model is used to complete data collection, a symmetric encryption algorithm is introduced, and a range data encryption query scheme with privacy protection function is designed. Apply it to the node data of the wireless sensor network to realize the secure data collection of the wireless sensor network. Experimental results show that the system has the advantages of high efficiency, large amount of data collection, and high residual energy of sensor network nodes.

Security and Data Privacy of Medical Information in Blockchain Using Lightweight Cryptographic System

In the healthcare system and hospital environment, the data security and the data connectivity are the major factors to consider for patient data management system. For that, there are several techniques are used to preserve and arrange the patient data with enhanced security system. In that, Blockchain structure of data management improves the secure data storage and transmission process. In the data security system, the quality measure can be validate by means of the size of key that are used for the encryption process. Combined with the blockchain, the encryption model is to be improved for the solve the problem in data security system. This also needs to focus on the size reduction of data storage due to the large key size of encrypted data. In the proposed work, Intuitionistic Derivative Symmetrical Encryption (IDSE) Algorithm based security algorithm along with blockchain function was integrated to form the authorized data storage and transmission process. For the key pattern generation, Differential Hashing Pattern (DHP) based key pattern extraction model was used for high speed data transmission and to reduce the size of data that are encrypted. The features that are considered for the appropriate security system are the data transmission pattern with respect to the time and the hashing model of key generation. In the result analysis, the performance of the IDSE-DHP are validated with the parameters of data transmission and loss rate in the Blockchain and with the throughput related features.

Development of the principles of parallelization of the symmetric AES encryption algorithm

This article delves into the potential of modern computational systems and technological advancements in refining encryption algorithms, with a particular focus on the Advanced Encryption Standard. The paper underscores the significance of understanding the intricate mechanics and primary processing stages of AES to harness its full potential for parallelization and acceleration. The research emphasizes the pivotal role of Graphics Processing Units in this optimization journey. Given their multi-threaded architecture, GPUs, when integrated with state-of-the-art parallel computing platforms like CUDA and OpenCL, can process vast data volumes with heightened efficiency. This integration not only speeds up the encryption process but also enhances its robustness. The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective, anticipating a deeper convergence between the realms of cryptography and parallel computing. Such a fusion is projected to usher in revolutionary enhancements in both the security and performance facets of encryption systems.