Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is widely used in other species as a marker of renal dysfunction and is considered a more sensitive indicator of glomerular filtration rate than creatinine. Reference ranges are established in healthy adult horses (≤14μg/dL) and concentrations are increased in horses with acute kidney injury (median 32μg/dL; range 15-92). To establish the normal range of SDMA concentrations in neonatal Thoroughbreds. Cross-sectional. Blood samples were collected from Thoroughbred foals <36h old deemed healthy by physical examination. Exclusion criteria included foals from mares undergoing treatment for placentitis and foals that developed clinical disease or died/euthanised <2weeks from birth. Biochemistry and serum SDMA concentrations were obtained. Subjects included 120 foals. Median age was 13.5h (range 1.0-34.0). Median and 95% confidence interval for SDMA concentration was 69.0µg/dL (63.0, 75.0; range 35.0-376.0). A cut-off value of 168µg/dL would include 95% of individuals and is therefore suggested. Serum SDMA concentration was correlated with age (R=-.3, P=.003), creatinine concentration (R=.6, P≤.001) and urea concentration (R=.3, P=.002). Limitations include a small sample size, no consideration of subclinical disease and a short follow-up period. In equine neonates, SDMA concentration is higher than in adult horses, older foals and adults with acute kidney injury. Therefore, currently SDMA cannot be used as a marker of renal dysfunction in this age group. Further work is required to assess whether SDMA concentration is increased in neonates with renal disease and, if so, what cut-off should be used.