Symmetric Cryptographic Technique Research Articles

Enhanced cipher text-policy attribute-based encryption and serialization on media cloud data

Purpose There are various system techniques or models which are used for access control by performing cryptographic operations and characterizing to provide an efficient cloud and in Internet of Things (IoT) access control. Particularly in cloud computing environment, there is a large-scale distribution of these traditional symmetric cryptographic techniques. These symmetric cryptographic techniques use the same key for encryption and decryption processes. However, during the execution of these phases, they are under the problems of key distribution and management. The purpose of this study is to provide efficient key management and key distribution in cloud computing environment. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the Cipher text-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) technique with proper access control policy which is used to provide the data owner’s control and share the data through encryption process in Cloud and IoT environment. The data are shared with the the help of cloud storage, even in presence of authorized users. The main method used in this research is Enhanced CP-ABE Serialization (E-CP-ABES) approach. Findings The results are measured by means of encryption, completion and decryption time that showed better results when compared with the existing CP-ABE technique. The comparative analysis has showed that the proposed E-CP-ABES has obtained better results of 2373 ms for completion time for 256 key lengths, whereas the existing CP-ABE has obtained 3129 ms of completion time. In addition to this, the existing Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) scheme showed 3449 ms of completion time. Originality/value The proposed research work uses an E-CP-ABES access control technique that verifies the hidden attributes having a very sensitive dataset constraint and provides solution to the key management problem and access control mechanism existing in IOT and cloud computing environment. The novelty of the research is that the proposed E-CP-ABES incorporates extensible, partially hidden constraint policy by using a process known as serialization procedure and it serializes to a byte stream. Redundant residue number system is considered to remove errors that occur during the processing of bits or data obtained from the serialization. The data stream is recovered using the Deserialization process.

Privacy-Preserving Encrypted Traffic Inspection With Symmetric Cryptographic Techniques in IoT

To ensure the security of Internet of Things (IoT) communications, one can use deep packet inspection (DPI) on network middleboxes to detect and mitigate anomalies and suspicious activities in network traffic of IoT, although doing so over encrypted traffic is challenging. Therefore, in this article, an efficient and privacy-preserving encrypted traffic detection scheme is proposed. The scheme uses only lightweight cryptographic operations (i.e., symmetric encryption, hash functions, and pseudorandom functions) to achieve both privacy and security within an inspection round. A dispute resolution mechanism is also designed to address potential disputes between client(s) and server(s). We also present the corresponding security proof and experimental evaluation, which demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves strong security and privacy preservation and good performance.

Safe Data Transfer Using Logic Gate Based Cryptographic Technique in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks consist of independent sensor nodes attached to one base station. In wireless sensor networks, nodes are connected to sensing environment and communicate the data to the base station. As WSNs continues to grow, they become vulnerable to attacks and hence the need for operative security techniques. Applications of wireless sensor networks demands for the well-organized and secure communication. For the solution of well-organized and reliable security, we need cryptography algorithms which provide good solutions. For providing reliable security techniques mainly data confidentiality, key management is used. Identification of suitable cryptographic techniques for WSNs is an important challenge due to limitation of energy, computation capability and memory of the sensor nodes. Symmetric cryptography techniques do not act well when the number of sensor nodes increases. Hence asymmetric key cryptographic techniques are widely used. Here we propose an electronic logic gate based symmetric Cryptographic technique which is more suitable for small and medium WSNs.

A Survey on VLSI Implementation of AES Algorithm with Dynamic S-Box

In recent research, very large-scale integration (VLSI) design and its implementation plays a major role. It has been considered as compact and contains additional techniques. However, it undergoes security threats like differential power analysis (DPA) attacks, confidential information leakage, suspicious data insertion, brute force attacks, and other severe attacks. Hence, the cryptographic techniques that have been implemented to enhance the security level for VLSI devices is the focus of this survey. The symmetric cryptographic technique of advanced encryption standard (AES) is considered suitable for this security enhancement and it is an advanced encryption process, and so the intelligible data are transmitted in an unintelligible form to confuse the attackers and the data is securely transmitted without any interruption. Different techniques to implement the AES approaches in VLSI devices are analyzed. The dynamic S-box technique is also analyzed for key-dependent processes. The key-dependent S-box of block ciphers is more secure than a general fixed S-box. The strength of the cipher is increased by the usage of an S-box. A dynamic S-box, generated to be key-dependent and with a discrete logarithmic approach, enhanced the S-box nonlinearity. Several measures analyzed regarding security and complexity of nonlinear transformation of S-box improved. Hence, the AES algorithm with dynamic S-box makes the system dynamic, more nonlinear, and with an unbreakable architecture. In this review, it also identified that to implement nonlinear transformation in AES, an S-box component has been used. This survey has been provided as guidelines for VLSI architecture implementation in a more secure way with cryptographic algorithm of AES and a dynamic S-box.

Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm for Information Security

The wide acceptability of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as the most efficient of all of the symmetric cryptographic techniques has further opened it up to more attacks. Efforts that were aimed at securing information while using AES is still being undermined by the activities of attackers This has further necessitated the need for researchers to come up with ways of enhancing the strength of AES. This article presents an enhanced AES algorithm that was achieved by modifying its SubBytes and ShiftRows transformations. The SubBytes transformation is modified to be round key dependent, while the ShiftRows transformation is randomized. The rationale behind the modification is to make the two transformations round key dependent, so that a single bit change in the key will produce a significant change in the cipher text. The conventional and modified AES algorithms are both implemented and evaluated in terms avalanche effect and execution time. The modified AES algorithm achieved an avalanche effect of 57.81% as compared to 50.78 recorded with the conventional AES. However, with 16, 32, 64, and 128 plain text bytes, the modified AES recorded an execution time of 0.18, 0.31, 0.46, and 0.59 ms, respectively. This is slightly higher than the results obtained with the conventional AES. Though a slightly higher execution time in milliseconds was recorded with the modified AES, the improved encryption and decryption strength via the avalanche effects measured is a desirable feat.

PrivHome: Privacy-Preserving Authenticated Communication in Smart Home Environment

A smart home enables users to access devices such as lighting, HVAC, temperature sensors, and surveillance camera. It provides a more convenient and safe living environment for users. Security and privacy, however, is a key concern since information collected from these devices are normally communicated to the user through an open network (i.e. Internet) or system provided by the service provider. The service provider may store and have access to these information. Emerging smart home hubs such as Samsung SmartThings and Google Home are also capable of collecting and storing these information. Leakage and unauthorized access to the information can have serious consequences. For example, the mere timing of switching on/off of an HVAC unit may reveal the presence or absence of the home owner. Similarly, leakage or tampering of critical medical information collected from wearable body sensors can have serious consequences. Encrypting these information will address the issues, but it also reduces utility since queries is no longer straightforward. Therefore, we propose a privacy-preserving scheme, $\sf {PrivHome}$ PrivHome . It supports authentication, secure data storage and query for smart home systems. $\sf {PrivHome}$ PrivHome provides data confidentiality as well as entity and data authentication to prevent an outsider from learning or modifying the data communicated between the devices, service provider, gateway, and the user. It further provides privacy-preserving queries in such a way that the service provider, and the gateway does not learn content of the data. To the best of our knowledge, privacy-preserving queries for smart home systems has not been considered before. Under our scheme is a new, lightweight entity and key-exchange protocol, and an efficient searchable encryption protocol. Our scheme is practical as both protocols are based solely on symmetric cryptographic techniques. We demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness of our scheme based on experimental and simulation results, as well as comparisons to existing smart home security protocols.

Comparison of Encryption Algorithms for Multimedia

Cryptographic techniques play crucial role when users exchange information. Multimedia plays an important role in learning and sharing experiences. When multimedia contents are shared among the users, it faces security threats. Usually multimedia contents takes much space. Encryption technique should be time efficient. In this work we consider four encryption techniques: Blowfish, AES, XOR and RSA and four types of media content: text, image, audio and video. Simulation shows that AES is time efficient than others. Comparing between symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, symmetric cryptographic techniques take less time than asymmetric technique.

An Enhanced Bilateral Information Security towards a Conventional Cryptographic System using DNA Sequences

Objective: Information security is one of the essential futures challenged in data transmission through wireless networks. Networks are extremely exposed to security attacks and consign a great challenge today. Methods: In this paper we propose a new DNA Symmetric Cryptographic technique that employs Mathematical formula for encryption and decryption and private key is generated from blood analysis report. After Encryption DNA codons are generated as a cipher text which is decrypted through decryption algorithm into readable text. In this method we use classical cryptographic technique of substitution method in DNA Cryptography. Findings: The algorithm is implemented in Java Platform and comparison was prepared for encryption and decryption time for different file formats. Also size of encrypted file is also compared for different files. Improvement: DNA based approach which is more immune to cryptographic attacks. DNA Cryptography is a new and potentially excellent area that enhances data security. It helps to transmit highly confidential data efficiently and securely.

Elliptic curve coding technique application for digital signature

AbstractAn elliptic curve coding technique application is proposed in this study. It is one of the asymmetric coding techniques and so crucial in today's world. The application codes messages between two different console screens by using elliptical curve coding technique. It is created by using C# with the class of Crypto Next Generation (CNG) which brings into consideration the messaging system as four different security levels. The aim is to use the necessary additional security precautions when using asymmetric techniques. Cryptography techniques are not used for connection, and messaging occurs in security level 1. Security level 2 describes the public channel for the connection between two console screens which is used for sending and receiving key pair; then messaging occurs. Public channel for the connection between two console screens is used for sending and receiving signed key pair and encrypted data; then messaging occurs in security level 3. Security level 4 is the safest one. A private channel for the connection between two console screens is used for sending and receiving a signed key pair and encrypted data, and then messaging occurs. In addition, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique is used in applications which is one of the symmetric cryptographic techniques for encrypting data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Performance Evaluation of Encryption/Decryption Mechanisms to Enhance Data Security

Objective: The foremost goal of this paper is to upgrade the security of information and processing speed utilizing symmetric cryptographic technique based on ASCII value while transferring of information. The idea of this paper is to produce an encoded content by giving plain text enter to symmetric cryptographic based on ASCII value and getting decoded text as original text as original text by giving encrypted text symmetric cryptographic based on ASCII value. Method: In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm which is established on the ASCII value to encode a plaintext. This algorithm randomly generates a key for the person having a length equivalent to the length of the plaintext. The randomly generated key is modified to one other key via substitution of position of key utilizing a random number and is used to decode decrypt the message of original plaintext. Finding: GUI interface was developed using Java Net Beans IDE 8.0. Entire outcomes have obtained using a computer with the following specifications: Intel Core i3 CPU and 1GB RAM. Improvement: Besides the proposed algorithm utilized for this exploration, the other chance of utilizing different algorithm will be executed in future work. Keywords: Ciphertext, Cryptography, Cyber security, Decryption, Encryption, Plaintext

Removal of Malicious Attacks using Hybrid Symmetric Cryptograhic Technique

Security in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) plays an important role for providing effective network service without any malicious attack. Intrusion detection is crucial in improving the performance of mobile ad-hoc network. Intrusion detection monitors the activities in a mobile system by collecting the information and then analyzing them. Most previous works for intrusion detection use the current acknowledgement and location-based routing protocol to combat against the intrusion detection. In this work to secure the mobile network system from malicious attacks, Hybrid Symmetric Cryptography Technique (HSCT) is introduced. The HSCT uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Message Digest 5 (MD5). Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is based on the principle of substitution and permutation keying model adapted as node ids in the mobile ad-hoc network. AES ensures higher amount of packets being transmitted with minimum packet delay. The main MD5 algorithm operates on a 128-bit state, divided into four 32-bit words in mobile nodes to remove the malicious attack. AES and MD5 fused together on the mobile nodes to communicate packets with high security. The HSCT algorithms offer data security and users authenticity using a mixture of two symmetric cryptographic techniques. HSCT measure and analyze different parameters such as true positive rate on detecting abnormal activities, packet delay, rate of intrusion being detected with respect to node density and packets being transmitted. The HSCT is simulated using NS2. Experiment results show that the proposed technique achieves better performance in considerably minimizing the packet delay rate by 33.36% and improves the true positive rate on detecting abnormal activities by 25.83% compared to the state-of-the-art works.

Implementasi Protokol Diffie-Hellman Dan Algoritma RC4 Untuk Keamanan Pesan SMS

Abstrack— SMS now becomes such a need for cellular phone users to communicate to other people. But the cellular phone users do not realize that the sent messages could be intercepted or changed by an unwanted party. Therefore it requires a security in sending an SMS message which is called cryptography. Given limited resources on cellular phone, then the implementation of symmetric cryptographic technique is suitable to meet the security needs of an SMS message. In symmetric cryptography, there is a symmetric key for encryption and decryption process. In order to secure exchange of symmetric keys in public channels is required of a protocol for key exchange.This research implements RC4 symmetric cryptography to encrypt and decrypt messages, while for key exchange is using Diffie-Hellman protocol. In this research, there are modifications to the Diffie-Hellman protocol that is the calculation of the public key and symmetric key to include cellular phone number as authentication. Whereas on a modified RC4 is the key where there is a combination with cellular phone number as authentication and key randomization, and then there are also modifications to the pseudorandom byte generator, encryption and decryption of the RC4 algorithm. The system is constructed using the Java programming language in the platform Micro Edition (J2ME) based MIDP 2.0 and CLDC 1.0.The research found that with the cellular phone number as authentication, key, encryption and decryption process automatically it is able to maintain confidentiality, data integrity, authentication and non-repudiation to the message. Keywords— Diffie-Hellman, Key exchange, RC4, SMS Secure, Symmetric Cryptography.

Developing and Evaluation of New Hybrid Encryption Algorithms

Wireless Sensor networks consist of hundreds or thousands of low cost, low power and self-organizing nodes which are highly distributed. As wireless sensor networks continue to grow, so does the need for effective security mechanisms because sensor networks may interact with sensitive data. Encryption algorithms play good roles in information security systems (ISS). Those algorithms consume a significant amount of computing resources such as battery power. Wireless Sensor networks are powered by a battery which is a very limited resource. At present, various types of cryptographic algorithms provide high security to information on networks, but there are also has some drawbacks. The present asymmetric encryption methods and symmetric encryption methods can offer the security levels but with many limitations. For instance key maintenance is a great problem faced in symmetric encryption methods and less security level is the problem of asymmetric encryption methods even though key maintenance is easy. To improve the strength of these algorithms, we propose a new hybrid cryptographic algorithm in this paper. The algorithm is designed using combination of two symmetric cryptographic techniques and two Asymmetric cryptographic techniques. This protocol provides three cryptographic primitives, integrity, confidentiality and authentication. It is a hybrid encryption method where elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) and advanced encryption (AES) are combined to provide node encryption. RSA algorithm and Blowfish are combined to provide authentication and (MD5) for integrity. The results show that the proposed hybrid cryptographic algorithm gives better performance in terms of computation time and the size of cipher text.This paper tries to present a fair comparison between the new protocols with four existing different hybrid protocols according to power consumption. A comparison has been conducted for those protocols at different settings for each protocol such as different sizes of data blocks, and finally encryption/decryption speed. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of each algorithm.

An asymmetric image cryptosystem based on the adaptive synchronization of an uncertain unified chaotic system and a cellular neural network

Chaotic dynamics provide a fast and simple means to create an excellent image cryptosystem, because it is extremely sensitive to initial conditions and system parameters, pseudorandomness, and non-periodicity. However, most chaos-based image encryption schemes are symmetric cryptographic techniques, which have been proven to be more vulnerable, compared to an asymmetric cryptosystem. This paper develops an asymmetric image cryptosystem, based on the adaptive synchronization of two different chaotic systems, namely a unified chaotic system and a cellular neural network. An adaptive controller with parameter update laws is formulated, using the Lyapunov stability theory, to asymptotically synchronize the two chaotic systems. The synchronization controller is embedded in the image cryptosystem and generates a pair of asymmetric keys, for image encryption and decryption. Using numerical simulations, three sets of experiments are conducted to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed chaos-based image cryptosystem.

A security communication scheme for Real-Time EPON

Problem of real-time performance is a mostly obstacle on Ethernet used to industrial control. In this paper, proposed a RT-EPON concept, combines real-time performance of real-time Ethernet and efficiency of EPON. And the security threats to the proposed architecture are analyzed. By utilizing the symmetric cryptographic techniques and challenge-response mechanism, a secure communication scheme with encryption and authentication functions is presented. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i5.1349

Non-repudiation: Constituting evidence and proof in digital cooperation

In digital cooperation, mechanisms and services have to be provided to account for actions and information to entities. Digital signatures are regarded as a means of establishing accountability, the property that ensures that the actions of an entity may be traced uniquely to that entity. However, to constitute proof of origin, submission, delivery and receipt, digital signature techniques have to be supported by certification, time stamping and notarisation techniques and services. The techniques providing proofs are called non-repudiation techniques. Working Group 2 of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 (Security Techniques) is concerned with the standardization of security mechanisms and algorithms such as digital signatures. A new work item has been defined on non-repudiation techniques using asymmetric (digital signatures) as well as symmetric cryptographic techniques.