Terms Of Symbols Research Articles

LiDB: Database of atomic radiative lifetimes for plasma processes

LiDB is a database of molecular radiative lifetimes (Owens et al., 2023), created to aid in the modelling of radiative effects in low-temperature plasmas. Here, we report the addition of atomic radiative lifetimes to LiDB. Datasets are generated for neutral and singly-charged atomic species based on energy levels, transitions, and transition probabilities extracted from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Atomic Spectra Database (ASD). The main data output of LiDB is radiative lifetimes of atomic states defined uniquely by atomic term symbols and electronic configurations. The effects of the total angular momentum quantum number J on the lifetimes are averaged over using an atomic state lumping procedure. LiDB also provides partial lifetimes which yield information on the dominant radiative decay channels from each state. Datasets are available for 35 neutral and 19 singly-charged atoms with new species to be added in the future. LiDB is freely available at www.exomol.com/lidb where users can dynamically view atomic and molecular datasets or use an application programming interface (API) to request data.

The Semiotics of Place in Saudi Women’s Poetry: Ashjan Hindi as a Model

This research delves into the artistic structures and semiotic connotations of place in the poetry of Ashjan Hindi. In her poetry, place is not merely a tangible geographical patch, but rather it is rich with symbolic meanings and connotations that reflect the poet's philosophical vision of her surroundings. Therefore, it became necessary to explore the semiotic perspectives of place through analysis and interpretation. The research adopted a semiotic approach to investigate the artistic structures of place in Ashjan Hindi's poetry, drawing on the foundational concepts of the metaphorical discourse according to Paul Ricoeur in his book "The Vivid Metaphor," which is rooted in the linguistic theory formulated by Emile Benveniste. The research relies on exploring the semiotics of place in the Collection of Poems, drawing on the procedural concepts of imagination as articulated by the researcher Jilbert Durand in his book "The Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary." It is based on the foundational concepts of this theory, especially the terms of patterns, original models, and symbols, in analyzing the connotations of places in the Collection of Poems.

The Organisation of Women of Asian and African Descent, Prostitution and Pornography: The British Black Women’s Movement and Sex Work, 1970s-1980s

In recent years there have been some noteworthy attempts to remedy scholarly silences on the Black women’s movement. The issue of sex work, however, is only mentioned in passing despite the so-called ‘sex wars’ preoccupying the white feminist scene at this time. Grappling with the methodological issue of silence on multiple interconnected levels, this this article attempts to fill this gap by interrogating how, and indeed whether, activists in the Organisation of Women of Asian and African Descent (OWAAD) approached issues of sex work. It asks why these activists rejected the interpretation of sex work as work taken by their contemporaries in the sex workers’ rights movement. It firstly proposes that Black woman activists made a conscious decision to remain silent on issues of commercial sex, dismissing prostitution, alongside other issues of sexuality, as the ‘luxury’ preserve of white middle-class feminists that were distinct from, rather than integral to, Black women’s ‘survival’. Piecing together activists’ increasing but piecemeal discussions of pornography from the early-mid 1980s, the second section of this article demonstrates how activists analysed pornography and prostitution as part of a historical tradition of the sexual exploitation of Black women. In doing so, it proposes that their approach to commercial sex was fraught with contradiction – they viewed prostitution, an issue with real-life implications, in symbolic terms. Overall, it argues that Black woman activists to turned a blind eye to the tangible implications of prostitution legislation for Black women as they navigated tensions and challenges around post-war British racism, respectability politics and the gendered legacy of colonialism. Together with work on the experiences of lesbian women, it raises questions about which women were welcome in the movement, reminding us of the need to push scholarship on Black women’s history beyond the act of recovery.

THE COMMUNIST TERRITORIALITY: MARX, DELEUZE, GUATTARI, AND TWENTIETH CENTURY SOCIALISM

This article presents the question of the relationship between politics and territoriality in the philosophical-social perspective of Marx and the followers of his ideas in the last century. In this sense, the classical Marxist thought is placed in opposition with that of Deleuze and Guattari with regard to the importance, in the dialectic between territoriality and deterritorialization, of the former with respect to the latter. The thought of Marx and the more or less faithful attempts to apply it in the previous century has always had at its center the relationship between human groups and the territory, which in symbolic terms according to Deleuze and Guattari represents the stability of existence. In this sense, Marx and his interpreters favored the last triadic moment in the process of the development of the relationship between people and territory: that of communist re-territorialization.

Recent Advances in Understanding of the Singlet Oxygen in Energy Storage and Conversion.

Singlet oxygen (term symbol 1Δg, hereafter 1O2), a reactive oxygen species, has recently attracted increasing interest in the field of rechargeable batteries and electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. These sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies are of vital significance to replace fossil fuels and promote carbon neutrality and finally tackle the energy crisis and climate change. Herein, the recent progresses of 1O2 for energy storage and conversion is summarized, including physical and chemical properties, formation mechanisms, detection technologies, side reactions in rechargeable batteries and corresponding inhibition strategies, and applications in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. The formation mechanisms and inhibition strategies of 1O2 in particular aprotic lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries are highlighted, and the applications of 1O2 in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is also emphasized. Moreover, the confronting challenges and promising directions of 1O2 in energy conversion and storage systems are discussed.

The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis.

The intricate interrelationships between visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis depend on an array of factors, incorporating the nature of vision impairment, its manifestation (monocular versus binocular), and the classification of stereopsis test symbols used. The objectives of this study were to methodically dissect these multifaceted interactions by simulating a diverse range of vision loss conditions. Thirty medical students with normal vision were subjected to simulated vision loss through opacification and blurring methodologies. Stereopsis was assessed at a distance using both contour-based and random-dot-based symbols under equal binocular and varied monocular VA conditions. In this study, opacification consistently affected stereopsis more than blurring at equivalent VA reductions. However, this difference was absent in contour-based symbols under binocular vision impairment conditions. Significant differences in stereopsis emerged between monocular and binocular vision within the opacification contour-based groups. These differences were less evident in the opacification and blurring groups using random-dot-based patterns. In terms of symbols, the contour-based test demonstrated superior results to the random-dot-based test, particularly under decreased VA. In sum, the method of VA reduction and the choice of stereogram significantly impact distance stereopsis outcomes. This understanding can guide clinical assessments of stereopsis in individuals with varying visual impairments.

Marsz Niepodległości, czyli o złożoności i wielowymiarowości tego wydarzenia z perspektywy koncepcji heterotopii Michela Foucaulta

The annual, nationwide “Independence March” taking place on the anniversary of Poland regaining independence has become a phenomenon and the only event of its kind at that time. It brings together – in the physical sense – thousands of Poles. However, it is even more engaging in symbolic terms. The research aimed to analyze the Independence March as a heterotopic space according to Michel Foucault and, more precisely, to refer to four of the six principles of heterotopia proposed by the French philosopher. The first two principles apply to society in general and, therefore, were not analyzed in relation to the event of the Independence March. The remaining four were successfully used to reflect on it more deeply. Research has shown that the “Independence March” is an example of heterotopia, and what distinguishes it from other previously studied spaces with heterotopic features is the simultaneous variability and spatial stability, the range of influence, the multitude of ways of entering its space and the significant function it performs because of its complexity.

The Informativeness/Complexity Trade-Off in the Domain of Boolean Connectives

I apply the model of semantic universals in terms of informativeness/complexity trade-off (Kemp, Xu, and Regier 2018) to Boolean connectives. The model explains the crosslinguistic absence of the connective , once theoretical insights from Horn 1972 and Katzir and Singh 2013 are incorporated. The lack of follows if languages optimize the trade-off between (a) simplicity of the lexicon measured in terms of primitive symbols and (b) informativeness of the lexicon measured in terms of accurate transfer of information, given scalar implicature. The analysis demonstrates that the model provides a promising insight into the nature of lexicalization in logical vocabularies.

New Numerical Approach to Calculate Microstates of Equivalent and Non-Equivalent Electrons

A term symbol is used to describe atomic microstate states, which give the multiplicity and total angular momentum of the atomic state. Russel Sauder coupling scheme is used to generate terms of equivalent and non-equivalent electronic configurations. For equivalent electrons, the terms are calculated using Pauli’s principle, and the number of terms is limited and is calculated by the combination rule. The total possible electrons and total available electrons are used in the combination formula. In case of non-equivalent electrons, the number of terms are found by the permutation rule. The number of terms for equivalent electrons is less than the terms for non-equivalent electrons. The number of possible microstates for p2 and d5 configurations are 15 and 252 respectively. While the number of final microstates for 1p2p and 3d4d configurations are 36 and 100. In the proposed study, a Python programme was developed that generates the microstate according to filled and half-filled subshell electronic configurations for equivalent, non-equivalent, and combinations of both. Examples of microstates for non-equivalent electrons of configuration 1s2s, sp, sd, ss, 2p3p, pd, pf, 3d4d, df, 4f5f and for equivalent electrons of configuration su, pv, dx, and f y are presented.

A Semiotic Analysis on Robert Frost’s Poem Love and a Question Based on Charles Sander Peirce’s Triangle Theory

This research aims to identify Robert Frost's symbols in "Love and a Question" and disclose their meanings using Peirce's triangle theory. This study uses descriptive and qualitative methods to examine Robert Frost's Love and a Question's symbols. Interpreting poem symbols is the focus of this research. This library research uses books and scientific materials to ensure objectivity. Finally, using semiotics and Peirce's triangle, the researcher explains Robert Frost's poem Love and a Question's symbols. The poem Love and a Question's symbolic words' significance through Peirce's triangle theory. The symbolic terms were: green-white stick signified lengthy journey, stranger symbolized uncertainty, rich a curse symbolized precious, and sky symbolized unpredictable future. The poem's represented words all have a life-related significance. The actual meaning of life is building a household as a newlywed couple. Also included is a purpose of life that is no longer defined by wealth because greediness can lead to suffering.

The Eisenstein cycles and Manin–Drinfeld properties

Abstract Let Γ be a subgroup of finite index of SL 2 ⁡ ( 𝐙 ) {\operatorname{SL}_{2}(\mathbf{Z})} . We give an analytic criterion for a cuspidal divisor to be torsion in the Jacobian J Γ {J_{\Gamma}} of the corresponding modular curve X Γ {X_{\Gamma}} . Our main tool is the explicit description, in terms of modular symbols, of what we call Eisenstein cycles. The latter are representations of relative homology classes over which integration of any holomorphic differential forms vanishes. Our approach relies in an essential way on the specific case Γ ⊂ Γ ⁢ ( 2 ) {\Gamma\subset\Gamma(2)} , where we can consider convenient generalized Jacobians instead of J Γ {J_{\Gamma}} . We relate the Eisenstein classes to the scattering constants attached to Eisenstein series. Finally, we illustrate our approach by considering Fermat curves.

NCT life variety show as a persuasive media for Korean tourism promotion: Peirce’s semiotic observation

This research discussed signs in terms of icons, indexes, and symbols on the variety show named NCT Life: Hot and Young Seoul Trip using the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce. The purpose of this research is to describe icons, indexes, and symbols related to tourism and interpret these signs with contextual meaning. The reason for doing this research is to look for signs that refer to persuasive tourism promotion activities contained in the variety show. This research employed the descriptive qualitative design with the findings on each icon, index, symbol, and contextual meaning presented in the form of a description. The results of this study indicate that there are categories of icons, indexes, and symbols related to tourism promotion in Seoul, South Korea. Icon has three categories related to brand ambassadors, tourist attractions, and tourist activities. The index has four categories related to the background illustration for NCT members introduction, expressions of feelings, figurative expressions, and gestures. The symbol has three categories related to logos, slogans, and additional information related to activities and tourist attractions. Then, the contextual meaning of the signs found leads to several contexts, all of which also refer to tourism promotion activities delivered through the media of variety shows. On this basis, the research suggests that there is tourism promotion packaged in events through variety shows carried out by NCT members as performers by visiting or trying various tourist activities around Seoul and recommending them to the audience.

The Trap: Care and Mystification in Carceral Governance

ABSTRACT As a component of the broader carceral state, criminal legal probation has become a defacto social safety net. In this essay, I argue that criminal probation mystifies time and space to create a surface relation of care in Philadelphia. A dynamic of capture between judges and probationers transforms into a relation of care. Though the term “trap” is often used in this context to refer to selling drugs and entry-level work, I argue that the mystifying work of the carceral state produces a deeper trap. The robust and coordinated armature of the carceral state far exceeds any welfare state service, rendering the tools of capture and detention often the only immediate source of interruption in escalating cycles of violence, drug use, or mental distress. To enter the relation of care this dynamic of capture and release creates, however, one has to accept the symbolic terms of its mystification. Racialized urban inequality appears as a mythical story of heroes and villains.

The Unified Hamiltonian Formalism of Spin-Orbit Jahn-Teller and Pseudo-Jahn-Teller Problems in All Axial Symmetries.

Spatial degeneracy of electronic states closely connects spin-orbit coupling and vibronic coupling, which together determine properties of materials, especially heavy element compounds. Accurate description of those materials entails accurate mathematical formulas for spin-orbit vibronic Hamiltonians. For the first time ever, we in this work derive the Hamiltonian formalism to describe all spin-orbit Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller vibronic problems in all axial symmetries. The conventional one-electron approximation of spin-orbit coupling, which was the foundation of all previous studies in this field, is not involved in the present work. Actually, the present formalism is applicable to all time-reversal symmetric hermitian Hamiltonian that has a Rank-1 dependence on the spin operator, without any restriction on the type and the number of term symbols and vibrational modes.

A constructive solution to the cosmological bootstrap

In this paper we revisit a generalised crossing equation that follows from harmonic analysis on the conformal group, and is of particular interest for the cosmological bootstrap programme. We present an exact solution to this equation, for dimensions two or higher, in terms of 6j symbols of the Euclidean conformal group, and discuss its relevance. In the process we provide a detailed derivation of the analogue of the Biedenharn-Elliot identity for said 6j symbols.

On a linear operator between weighted‐type spaces of analytic functions

We characterize the boundedness, compactness, and estimate essential norm of the polynomial differentiation composition operator between weighted‐type spaces of analytic functions, in terms of the operator symbols and weights.

The morality and tax avoidance: A sentiment and position taking analysis.

This paper examines the moral and legal underpinnings of corporate tax avoidance. Cast in terms of a totemic symbol that brand tax avoidance as within the purview of the law, the paper invokes the attributional frames of the new sociology of morality to examine the position of both the moral advocates and the amoral critics of aggressive tax avoidance. The paper uses the United Kingdom as a jurisdiction where complex tax planning by tax advisors serves as a measure of protection for corporations who may have already conceived that they are paying too much tax. Data for the paper came from semi-structured interviews conducted with tax accountants, consultants, parliamentarians, and government officials. To supplement the interviews, data from the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards were collected and analyzed to provide useful insights. The findings reveal that through effective tax planning, companies can reduce the present values of future tax payments. Given the singular justification of their actions within the contours of the tax rules, the moral culpability of organized tax avoidance is minimized, with very little liability attached. Tax avoidance is a morally charged area that is slowly drifting away from conventional social norms of what is right or wrong. It is hard not to see those in charge of tax regulation not using the findings of this paper to provide a more nuanced understanding of the intractable problems associated with corporate tax avoidance and use it as a reference point for regulatory reforms.

Ramification theory of reciprocity sheaves, II Higher local symbols

We construct a theory of higher local symbols along Paršin chains for reciprocity sheaves. Applying this formalism to differential forms, gives a new construction of the Paršin–Lomadze residue maps, and applying it to the torsion characters of the fundamental group gives back the reciprocity map from Kato’s higher local class field theory in the geometric case. The higher local symbols satisfy various reciprocity laws. The main result of the paper is a characterization of the modulus attached to a section of a reciprocity sheaf in terms of the higher local symbols.

SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF A LITERARY TEXT: SYMBOLIC DESCRIPTION

The article differentiates the theoretical side of the phenomenon of symbolic description related to semiotic science. Semiotics is the science of signs. In the semiotic analysis of a literary text, we encounter concepts such as symbol, marking, concept. Despite the fact that the listed concepts are superficially similar, it is important to determine the difference between them and to determine the subtext in the description of the author in the literary text. It also defines a symbolic description, a symbolic concept, a conceptual gap. Therefore, in our article we set out to highlight the differences between semiotics and its other structures, giving theoretical concepts concerning the transfer of a semiotic component in a literary text – a symbol, decoration and image of a literary text. In the article, we examined the main provisions in literary studies concerning the term symbol, considered the description of a symbolic image in a literary text as one of the semiotic analyses of a symbol. To identify a symbol from a literary text, we need to know its main features and its function in the text. Only then will we be able to determine the symbolic meaning of the symbol. Symbolic description not only increases the poetic power of a literary text, but also includes the code of sign systems. Therefore, the symbol can be considered both from the point of view of poetics and from the point of view of semiotics.

Greenwork: The Devaluation of Labor When Caring for Nature

Urban greening initiatives frequently promise to support economic growth and to improve environmental conditions for communities with ecological science. Despite these lofty goals, much of the labor required to carry out the quotidian, mundane work of cultivating and maintaining urban nature is provided by unpaid volunteers or low-wage landscapers. Drawing on ethnographic research and 50 in-depth interviews with experts and volunteers who manage greening initiatives in Chicago, this article provides an account for why greening labor is valued in abstract symbolic terms but economically marginalized. Namely, I argue that the everyday labor of greening cities is a distinct form of devalued care work that can be referred to as greenwork. Greenwork is devalued because: (1) urban nature is affectively framed as an invaluable asset to communities, (2) greening initiatives have a stratified labor force with few professional opportunities, and (3) nature is theorized as complex and self-sustaining by experts.