Symbolic Understanding Research Articles

Development of a test instrument using multiple representations to assess students understanding: A Rasch Model Analysis

Today's test instruments used in schools are still ineffective in assessing students' multi-representational understanding of the "rate of reaction" topic. Hence, teachers need to accurately and comprehensively know the depth of students' understanding. In this study, a test instrument was produced to assess the level of macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic understanding of high school students in the rates of reaction topic. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) based on the Rasch modeling approach, which is modified in ten stages, i.e., (1) defining construct, (2) identifying question indicators, (3) compiling items, scoring rubrics, scoring guidelines, and the guidelines to analyze student's level of understanding, (4) conducting the pilot test, (5) analyzing data with the Rasch model, (6) reviewing the suitability of items, (7) reviewing the Wright map, (8) repeating steps 4-7 until all items fit, (9) claiming the instrument's quality, and (10) documenting the instrument. All items proved valid because they met the fit criteria of MNSQ, ZSTD, and PT Measure scores. Instrument reliability reaches the score of 0.89 (good). The instrument has a four-difficulty index, dominated by moderate difficulty (70.6%). This instrument is relatively easy. The instrument also has four discrimination indexes: very difficult, difficult, medium, and easy. It proves that this assessment instrument is of good quality and suitable for school use.

Critical Evaluation of Architectural Rudiments from the Perspective of Religion

History and literature denote importance of symbols which represent Religion and architecture. As per cultural evolution different symbols evolved in aesthetic form making it tangible. This paper focus on religion that binds them together at a certain point and how it has its own values and elements in the shape that society and its people has given it. The role played by religion in architecture can be stretched back thousands of years ago. Religion arises as a necessity to understand various aspects of society and surrounding social activities, that reflect in complementing the scientific understanding of religious architecture and symbols. Religious architecture is the historic record of the way people express their faith. These old structures are the heritage of the country. The elements like religious symbolism come up with various beliefs, rituals, and scriptures from ancient times. These elements merged with the architectural style to form religious structures. Since the ancient era religion has been a major source of inspiration in architectural construction and architecture has concretized religion, thus spaces they shape support and reflect spiritual practices and religious beliefs. Indeed, the motive of each structure remains the same, varying its symbolism in each religion. The aim of this paper is to understand how all religious structures are connected to each other with various aspects. Key Words: Architecture, religion, religious structures, heritage, case-based reasoning and history

Developing Communication in People with ASD, with the Help of Music

The development of communication is a fundamental pillar in the development of the child and necessary for the development of social skills. Research over the decades has been devoted to understanding the connection between music and our cognitive processes, such as learning, language, and symbolic understanding. They showed that this therapy facilitates the development of speech in patients with autistic spectrum disorders. There are two types of music therapy: active and passive. If in active therapy the subject plays an instrument, sings, or dances; Passive therapy aims to induce the patient into a state that allows a complete process for the person through listening sessions of 20 to 30 minutes in which vibrations and musical waves help regulate the frequencies of the brain.

MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PENGENALAN LAMBANG BILANGAN PADA ANAK USIA 4-6 TAHUN: KAJIAN LITERATUR

This study aims to determine the learning media for the introduction of number symbols for Early Childhood Education. The data in this study were obtained through a literature study research method. The researcher collects and analyzes all the data in the study from various existing sources to obtain information relevant to the problem to be solved through a systematic technique using the keywords symbol number and early childhood education. The data or information comes from books, theses, theses, journals and research articles from official websites that have been indexed and accredited. Early Childhood Education basically has to pay attention to aspects of development in children, especially cognitive development to recognize number symbols. The introduction of number symbols emphasizes the understanding of number symbols that must be understood by children. Children aged 4-6 years are in the pre-operational stage, the stage where children begin to recognize symbols or symbols, so teachers need interesting learning media as a tool to introduce number plates to children so that children can easily understand the material and learning will become more meaningful. The results of the study show a variety of learning media developed to help introduce number symbols to children aged 4-6 years

Assessment of Safety Behavior and Hazard Communication Knowledge Amongst Tangerang-Merak Toll Road Users

A hazard prevention symbol is an essential safety communication tool in helping to indicate the various hazards present. The hazard prevention symbol warns against caution, providing needed safety information and instructions. This study aims to determine the understanding of symbols of danger and driving behavior on toll roads, especially the Tangerang-Merak toll road. The sampling method was carried out using a random sampling sample. Safety behavior will be assessed using the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). The results obtained by car drivers on toll roads, on average, understand the symbol of hazard communication in horizontal alignment conditions, vertical alignment, and dangerous road warnings. However, many drivers need help understanding the communication hazard symbol on the lane separator construction. Based on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire, sequentially, the deviant behavior of car drivers on the Tangerang-Merak toll road, namely violations, lapses, and errors.

ALIMENTARY UNIVERSAL-CULTURAL CODE IN НRIGORY SKOVORODA’S DIALOGUE «THE GRATEFUL ERODIUS»

The article considers the universal-cultural structure of one of the dialogues of Н. Skovoroda – «The grateful Erodius» with a focus on one of the universals of culture, namely, on the alimentary worldview code. The analytical separation of this code from its close interweaving with the categories of ultimate bases (life, death, immortality) and other worldview codes showed that, in addition to describing the specifics of the nutrition of the main character of the work, Erodius the stork, alimentarity appears here in its symbolic and allegorical manifestations, primarily – in the context of a Christian spiritual food, that is, the Divine commandments, the observance of which allows a person to avoid the vices of the world of bad people and achieve the otherworldly eternal life. The explication of such an understanding of alimentarity once again confirmed my assertion that all, without exception, integral texts of culture are built on the universal basic worldview formula “life – death – immortality”. This is the identity of the dialogue of Hrigory Skovoroda with other cultural texts. The specificity of the reproduction of the universal alimentary code lies in the dialogue form of this reproduction, and in terms of content – in the symbolic understanding of alimentarity in connection with spiritual food.

Investigation into the Understanding of Traffic Signs, Symbols and Safety Rules among Drivers in Southern Nigeria

Aims: This study examines the understanding of traffic signs and symbols as a safety measure towards accident reduction among drivers in Southern Nigeria. It investigated the understanding of traffic signs and symbols by drivers in Nigeria with regards to their personal characteristics such as age, educational background, and driving experience and also determined the major factors influencing the high rate of road traffic accidents in Nigeria.
 Study Design: Investigation into the level of knowledge of drivers in understanding traffic signs and symbols in Southern Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Southern Nigeria, from September, 2017 to December, 2017.
 Methodology: 600 questionnaires were administered within the various city parks in Anambra, Enugu, Delta, and Lagos states but 476 of the respondents participated. A total of 27 symbols, which includes ten regulatory signs, nine warning signs, three traffic signals lights, and five road pavement markings were investigated. Miscellaneous questions for driving under special conditions, mechanical factors, and general guides were also assessed among the drivers. The use of Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), as a tool was employed to analyze the data obtained from the respondents.
 Results: The analysis showed that there is a low understanding of traffic signs and symbols by drivers in Southern Nigeria. The overall average percentage of drivers who correctly understood the regulatory signs was 59%, warning signs was 64.2%, and pavement markings was 31.8%. The average knowledge percentage of drivers for driving under special conditions, speed/mechanical factor, and general guides are 43%, 53.66%, and 46.4% respectively. From the statistical -analysis of the findings, there is significance prove that age, driving experience, and educational background play an important role in drivers’ understanding of traffic signs and symbols.
 Conclusion: It is recommended that drivers are properly trained and sensitized on the correct meaning of traffic signs and symbols. The body concerned for issuing a driver’s license should carefully test the drivers’ knowledge before issuing a driver’s license and also traffic law court should be established for the prosecution of defaulters.

Review: Painting in Stone: Architecture and the Poetics of Marble from Antiquity to the Enlightenment

Review: <i>Painting in Stone: Architecture and the Poetics of Marble from Antiquity to the Enlightenment</i>

An In Depth Understanding of Signs and Symbols in English Language

Overall study is based on evaluation of an understanding of signs and symbols in the English language. This study mainly highlights linguistic approach in language and usage of signs and symbols in language has been mentioned. This gives an idea about the ancient to modern periodical signs and symbols in the English language. This article mainly states the idea of two components of signs such as signifier and signified which make an idea about usage of signs in English language. Moreover, Roland Barthes made a clear idea on signs and symbols in the English language. This article is conducted on the basis of secondary qualitative method and many secondary data has been taken from authentic peer-review journals which are published after 2015. This study has also described aspects of linguistics’ symbols and characteristics and linguistic innovation to describe major trends of the English language which make an idea on sign and symbol use in the English language. Keyword : English language, linguistic, signified, signifier, signs, symbols

Child cognitive development based on the maternal education

This quantitative research explores the differences in early childhood cognitive development levels based on the mother’s educational background. Using observation-based performance assessments, measure children’s cognitive development through 3 aspects: child social interaction, understanding of symbols, and reasoning involving samples. This study involved 30 children aged 5-6 years divided into two groups. The first group was children who had mothers with university-level education, while the other group was children with high school-level education. The collected data were analyzed to describe the demographic char samples’ demographic characteristics using an independent t-test to measure cognitive differences between the two groups of children. Significantly the educated mother results showed differences in cognitive development between the groups. Children with highly educated mothers have better cognitive abilities than children with mothers from a lower level of education. This research has implications for the importance of parental education to optimize children’s cognitive development.

Celebrating the Last Supper Online: A (Swiss) Reformed Perspective

Can the Last Supper be celebrated online? In German-speaking Reformed Switzerland this question has not been debated widely or even controversially. There are several reasons to explain this – among others, the article suggests, the Reformed understanding of the Last Supper. So what are its liturgical and theological core characteristics? The article explores five central aspects: the Last Supper as an act of commemoration; of building and sustaining community; the importance of the Holy Spirit; the idea that the congregation should take an active role in the celebration; and the symbolic understanding of the elements of bread and wine. Can an online celebration give expression to these aspects and what are the consequences with regard to the way such a celebration is put into practice?

Extratextual talk in public library storytime programs: A focus on questions

Shared book reading in which children actively participate in the reading of a text via discussion or extratextual talk has been well-established as an activity to advance children’s literacy and language learning, and it is a characteristic practice of public library storytime programs. This study scrutinized the extratextual talk that occurred within the shared reading episodes of 15 public library storytime programs. Findings from this study confirm prior assertions that storytime programs hold the promise of advancing children’s early literacy development. With more than two-fifths of librarians’ extratextual utterances at an abstract level of understanding, storytimes serve as a favorable setting for advancing children’s inferencing skills and symbolic understanding. Results also point to areas that librarians might target for improvement including integration of questions requiring extended responses and attention to vocabulary.

The Relationship Between Auditory Memory Digit And Receptive Language Ability Of Preschool Age Child In Surakarta

Background: Receptive language is the ability to understand what is seen and heard to help children develop listening skills, identify concepts through understanding the labeling of words, and improve the ability to respond to any communication. Auditory memory involves the ability to retrieve information presented orally. This study analyzed the relationship between auditory memory digit and preschool-age child receptive language ability.&#x0D; Methods: This study was quantitative research. The research design used in this study was an observational correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 58 students in three Private Kindergartens existing in the Ministry of Education and Culture of Surakarta. Auditory memory testability of sample using hearing forward test and receptive language ability of sample using Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension form. Hypothesis testing using the Chi-Square hypothesis.&#x0D; Results: The result it can be concluded that auditory memory digit does not have a relationship with receptive language ability in preschool-age children because significance value more than 0.05 (ρ&gt;0.05) with an OR value of 0.857, this means that the auditory memory digit is above average has a meager chance of influencing receptive language ability above average, which is only 0.857.&#x0D; Conclusion: The dominant factor influencing the receptive language skills of children aged 3-6 years is communication during interactions or activities with parents, such as reading fairy tales or telling stories. Receptive language skills predicted symbolic understanding as reflected in picture comprehension and how language skills are interrelated with social skills.

Synchronisms in the mythological worldview of the proto-Kazakhs and ancient Indians

A comparative study of the mythological worldview and the “mythological language” of modern peoples allows us to trace the general points inherent in archaic thinking and the symbolic universe of mankind as a whole. Expressing the world figuratively and symbolically, the “mythological language” synchronizes the rhythms of human existence and the cosmos, thus there is an interpenetration of man and nature, the animation of the cosmos and the cosmization of mythological consciousness. An analysis of cosmological, anthropological and sociogenetic representations in ancient Indian and proto-kazakh mythology makes it possible to comprehend the common patterns of world outlook and spiritual development of the world of the two peoples. Pre-Islamic archetypes of the proto-Kazakh's worldview find their expression in Tengrianism and the cult of shamanism. These beliefs are characterized by a figurative and symbolic understanding of the unity of the world and man. During the period of the spread of Islamic civilization in Central Asia and the dominance of Islam in the religious consciousness, ancient beliefs continue to exist in the everyday life of peoples in the form of various superstitions and prohibitions, rituals and customs. However, the structural-linguistic and hermeneutic analysis of these phenomena of everyday life makes it possible to highlight the role and significance of ethno-mental archetypes in the spiritual attitudes and value orientations of modern peoples. Key words: Archetype, mythology, ritual, religious consciousness, spiritual values.

Children’s symbolic understanding of a digital, three-dimensional, interactive image (La comprensión simbólica infantil de una imagen digital, tridimensional e interactiva)

ABSTRACT Young children increasingly interact with technological devices, either as a form of entertainment or for educational purposes. This research sought to investigate the early symbolic understanding of an interactive, three-dimensional digital image presented on a tablet. Two studies were designed in which the children had to use the image as a source of information to solve a search task. The first study investigated the performance of children aged 30 and 36 months. We found that the children symbolically understood the image at 36 months, but not at 30. The second study investigated the impact of manipulation and instruction on the performance of 36-month-old children. The results showed that the manipulation of the image negatively impacted the understanding of it as a symbol, regardless of the instruction received. The results are interpreted in terms of the impact of manipulation, instruction and the three-dimensionality of the object on understanding it as a symbol. Possible implications in education are also discussed.

Pengembangan Media Visual Maket Materi Mengidentifikasi Lambang/Simbol untuk Siswa Kelas III SDN Mojoroto 4 Kota Kediri

This research was motivated by the result of observations at SDN Mojoroto 4 Kediri City in grade 3 student. It was found that students understanding of the material symbols/ symbols (traffic signs, scouts, and state symbols) was not maximized. This happens because teachers have not found learning media that can help students learning process in understanding the material symbols/ symbols (traffic signs, scouts, and state symbols). This study aims to determine the validity of the media, the teachers response, and the effectiveness of the maket visual media. in this study using the Borg and Gall development model. Furthermore, the techniques used in collecting data in the form of a questionnaire include a media construction validation questionnaire, a material validation questionnaire, a teacher response questionnaire to maket visual media, and a written test. The result of the research on the development of the maket visual media are as follows: (1) the maket visual media is declared valid and can be used without revision with a percentage of 95%, (2) material symbols/ symbols (traffic signs, scouts, and state symbols) declared valid and can be usedin the learning process with a percentage 92,5%, (3) the teacher response to the media is declared good and can be used in the learning process by the percentage is 100%, and (4) maket visual media is declared effective and can be used in the learning process with a classical completeness percentage of 75%. Based on the result of the research above, it can be concluded tha the maket visual media is valid and suitable for use in learning Indonesian language subjects with symbols/ symbols (traffic signs, scouts, and state symbols).

The barriers in the implementation of mathematics learning for slow learner during the COVID-19

Slow learners also carry out the implementation of online learning at inclusive elementary schools. Online learning conditions are different from face-to-face learning, and it becomes a challenge for teachers to deliver mathematics learning for slow learner students. Learning mathematics is a learning that is considered difficult by slow learner students. It is because slow learner students have limited cognitive abilities and understanding of symbols, abstracts, and concepts. This study aimed to determine the obstacles in the implementation of mathematics learning, which includes the planning, implementation, and assessment stages for slow learner students at inclusive elementary schools. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, and the subjects were ten inclusive elementary school class teachers in Sleman. The data were collected by interview and analyzed with the help of Atlas.ti software. Based on the analysis results, teachers experienced barriers in implementing online learning. The teacher experienced barriers in planning learning media and limited learning resources specifically for slow learner students at the planning stage. The most significant barriers come from the students' condition at the implementation stage, and another barrier comes from parents and teachers. Furthermore, the barriers in the assessment stage included the limitations of distance and time, the validity of the answers, student independence, and decreased enthusiasm of students for working.

Пісні та особливості їх перекладу у контексті міжкультурної комунікації (на матеріалі української народної пісні «Щедрик» та англомовної пісні «Soon May the Wellerman Come»)

Intercultural communication is a set of all forms of communication between representatives of different cultures. The goal of intercultural communication is to establish interaction between cultures, with language as a link. The effectiveness of intercultural communication depends on an adequate understanding and interpretation of symbols and markers of social space, as well as on the use of linguistic means to convey their meaning. The article deals with the role of a song in the formation of a national-ethnic consciousness and emphasizes the importance of song exchange between representatives of different cultures in the process of progressive globalization. It is stated that a song, as one of the most important musical genres, is able to accurately and figuratively reflect various aspects of people's lives, as it has verbal lyrics. Songs reflect the most important values, ethical views, social ideas and changes of a certain era, create patterns of behavior, establish cultural norms and and transmits them to the next generations. The study identifies the necessity of translating foreign songs in the context of building strong relationships in intercultural communication. Song lyrics is a special genre of poetry. The need to preserve the rhythm and rhyme on the one hand, and the words as well as the meaning behind them on the other, make the translation of a song so difficult. When translating poems, significant changes to the original text are inevitable. In this regard, many difficulties arise in translation, and to overcome them a translator must have special skills and a certain amount of experience. In this article, three types of song translation are distinguished: word-for-word or "informative" translation, interpretation, and equirhythmic translation. The latter is characterized by the preservation of the melody and the reproduction of the lyrics of the song as accurately as possible. The factors that determine the choice of one particular method have been specified in this article as well. If the goal is simply to understand the meaning of a foreign song, a semantically close prose translation is suitable. But if the song is to be performed in another language, it is necessary to achieve «singability» of the translated text. In addition to the difficulties caused by the need to reflect certain ethnic realities properly, the factors that make the translation of songs so difficult are: the different length of lexical units in the source language and the target language, which makes it difficult to preserve the rhythm of the song; pauses in the melody, which can cause a break in the semantic segment; parallel constructions and multiple repetitions, which can lead to unnatural translation; use of realia and connotative meanings of words that is difficult to reflect in the target language, etc. In order to describe the lexical-grammatical transformations used in the process of translation, the Ukrainian and English songs having a national-cultural component have been analyzed in the article. In the studied material, such translation transformations as modulation, addition, omission, calquing, transcription and complex transformations affecting both the lexical and grammatical levels and completely changing the structure of original sentences have been observed. The analyzed translations have a high quality, and they are good examples of a proper equirhythmic translation.

DOMINANT SYMBOLS OF ETHNICITY IN THE WORK OF KYIV ARTISTS

The article examines the contextual and conceptual features of dominant ethnic symbols in the paintings of Kyiv artists. Through symbols, a message is transmitted, the deep meaning of which is revealed by reading hidden codes and signs. The source of archetypes is in the collective unconscious, which is why they are usually suprapersonal, as they combine memories and experiences of generations. The roots of the memory of generations are located simultaneously in the unconscious and in the present, it is a set of archetypes polished by myths, beliefs, customs and rites. The theme of primordial myth, archaism, spirituality and modern context is vividly interwoven in the work of Kyiv artists, in particular Ganna Gidora, Olexander Zhyvotkov, Olexander Sukholit, Anatoly Kryvolap, and Ganna Kryvolap. Artists strive to preserve the national cultural identity, addressing the authentic roots of the nation's culture and defending the uniqueness of their ethnicity. A complex interdisciplinary approach to the study and theoretical understanding of the dominant symbols of ethnicity in the paintings of Kyiv artists allows us to trace the connection between the modern context and cultural memory. The perspective of studying the dominant symbols of ethnicity as an important tool of intergenerational communication is closely related to aspects of the role in national and cultural identification, transformational processes of state pr ogress, and a sense of belonging to the nation.

The Church as A Pathway to National Rebirth in Nigeria: A Reflection on Matthew 5:13

The work studied how the Church could serve as a pathway to national rebirth with emphasis on Matt 5: 13-16. Using analytical and descriptive methods, the paper discussed the theological implications of the Church being salt and light in the context of Nigeria. The metaphorical parlance and symbolic understanding of these elements of light and salt both in the Biblical and social world is not only significant but instructive. For instance, salt is a sign of covenant while light is a sign of orderliness and progress. In other words, salt preserves while light is a guide and could also be a warning light. In the face of endemic corruption, bad leadership, lack of value for human life, materialism, greed, covetousness, worldly pleasure, instant glory through rituals among young people and the likes that are prevalent in contemporary Nigeria, one then wonders what impact Churches are making in the country. Jesus enjoined his followers to “let their light shine before others, so that they may see their good works and give glory to the father in heaven (Matt. 5:16). The work therefore emphasized areas where the Church in Nigeria can make appreciable impacts and further explained that even though our society is corrupt and full of abominable things, the Church must be the salt and the light. This it maintains could be achieved if she retained her distinctiveness, stand for and speak out the truth, protest against folly, deceit and wickedness. The paper recommended that the Church should rise to the challenge of Matt 5:13-16 in order to achieve a successful national rebirth.