Symbolic Structures Research Articles

TROPIC AND SEMANTIC DISPLACEMENT AS MODERNIST COMPLEXITY IN WALLACE STEVENS POETRY

The American symbolist Wallace Stevens (1879-1955) is widely accepted as one of the most complicated poets of twentieth-century modernism. Due to his contribution to poetry through a genuinely innovative style that has inspired many, he has been recognized as one of the most notable and revered American poets. The present study aims to attempt a discussion on Stevens’ poetics by focusing on a number of poems that exemplify its semantic and linguistic complexity in terms of symbolic structures, imagery, and other tropic qualities. It limits itself to a number of poems that apparently accommodate Stevens’ favorite theme—the relationship between imagination and reality—and simultaneously reconstruct and deconstruct their own aesthetic delineations. Moreover, this study rests on the idea that Stevens’ body of work is itself deconstructive and that poststructuralist philosophy and deconstructionist criticism may come to aid when one attempts to demonstrate how those semantic and linguistic complexities become the coinages of modernist poems in their attempt to present themselves as organic and coherent entities, organized around a unifying principle. Keywords: Wallace Stevens, Modernist Poetry, Deconstruction, Symbolism, Jacques Derrida, J. Hillis Miller

Ideology, Fetishism, Apophaticism: Marxist Criticism and Christianity

AbstractThis paper explores Christianity's ambiguous relationship to capitalism by engaging Marx's notion of the fetishism of commodities as a way of rethinking Marxism's critique of religion from the standpoint of political economy. Following Etienne Balibar's distinction between the theory of ideology and Capital's theory of fetishism, I examine how the later Marx conceived of religion as socially conditioned by the society of commodity production, which takes on religious dimensions. Commodities are the basis for a concept of fetishism which commands total subjection, alienating human beings under capitalism. This critical focus also reveals Christianity in its totalizing role as a symbolic structure shaped by the inescapable logic of exchange-value, money, and universal equivalents. Nonetheless, Christianity retains the impetus to anti-fetishism, provided it unites with the Marxist science of critical perception. This anti-fetishistic union focuses on the transparent and revolutionized social relations of real presence as the nonalienated reverse of fetishism's false presence. A critical apophaticism, tempered by the materialist amendments of Marika Rose and Slavoj Žižek, offers the bridge to such a union and highlights the anti-fetishistic avenues of failure and utopia.

Imaginaires androgynes : Vers une psychologie archétypale des relations Homme-Femme

The relations between the two sexes, masculine and feminine, in humanity, beyond their real antagonistic variations, can be referred to and modified by imaginary and symbolic structures, of which the reference to a third hermaphrodite/androgynous gender has been recognized. and valued from Plato to C.G. Jung. We will study in particular the treatment of this meta-sexed imaginary through the work of the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard.

Una Carla Lonzi: a Feminist Critique to Sexual Difference in Hegel’s Ethical State

Within contemporary philosophical discourse we find different thinkers that, with the aim to criticize Western dominant thought, by them addressed as ‘phallocentric’, directly refer to Hegelian texts. This paper will present one author who have openly spoken out a feminist critique of Hegelian thought, and in particular of the sexual division described by the Stuttgart philosopher, culminating in the ethical state – representing the constitution of the modern state – with the confinement of the feminine within the domestic sphere and, conversely, the liberation of the masculine within community political life.
 The thinker who will be analyzed is the Italian activist and philosopher Carla Lonzi, author of the renowned Sputiamo su Hegel (Let’s Spit on Hegel) and precursor of the Italian sexual difference feminism. The author confronted the political division implemented by Hegel within the ethical state between the two sexes, trying to show how Hegel’s work strongly contributed to the constitution of the patriarchal symbolic order still in force in Western thought. The fundamental point of the author’s thought is, in fact, the conviction that the symbolic and linguistic structures of Western culture are something deeply rooted and, therefore, very complex to change. This helps us to understand why in Europe, despite the implementation of various legislative changes – such as, for example, the establishment of anti-violence centers, the recognition of gender violence at a legal level, the sanctions against gender discrimination in the workplace – the patriarchal dynamics typical of Western thought are changing too slowly (when they are): gender violence is the order of the day, the pay gap is far from being healed, and, above all, the division of gender roles between care work and productive work is still strongly present.
 This text, therefore, seeks to demonstrate that the philosophical scope that accompanied the formation of European thought also characterized its darker features, including the patriarchal perspective. Here, we will analyze a particular aspect of patriarchy, focusing on its elaboration within Hegelian political philosophy: the presumed ontological and biological/natural destination of the female to domestic work and the male to public life.
 To this end, the article is divided into two parts. In the first part, the concept of sexual difference as developed by Hegel will be presented, analyzing its development within the three parts of his philosophical system. In the second part, a part of Lonzi’s thought will be briefly analyzed, to then articulate her critique of the Hegelian division of gender roles.
 

Міфоаналітична трансформація лідерства у сучасному світі: соціологічний підхід Ж. Дюрана

The mythoanalytical transformation of leadership in the context of modern concepts is analysed. The development of Ukrainian society is undergoing constant changes that require new leaders who can ensure constructive change. In the field of public administration, special attention needs to be paid to the issue of leadership, which is related to the generation of innovations and their implementation, resource issues of self-organisation. The theoretical foundations of leadership are considered, considering the main archetypal theories. The typology of M. Weber’s leadership is revealed based on the sense of social approval and expressed trust and reveals the following leadership legitimacy: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal. The key differences between the concepts of “leader” and “manager” are highlighted. O. Neuberger’s typology of archetypal patterns of leadership is outlined, and their timeless, structural manifestations and determinants of interactions are revealed. Possibilities of applying the basic ideas of Durand’s sociology in modern concepts of leadership through the representation of symbolic structures that create meaning, structuring the basic guidelines of experience and actions, depending on individual interpretive abilities and continuous exchange between man and culture, demonstrating powerful psychoenergetic potential. The possibility of using a sociological approach to outline the determinants of leadership activity is substantiated. This approach is based on the ideas of psychoanalysis, deep psychology, structural and political anthropology, phenomenology, and ethology. It is noted that the fundamental concept of Durand’s theory of imagination is the imaginary. Peculiarities in applying mythoanalysis to public administration in the context of transformational leadership are considered. Leadership’s cognitive and emotional assets are considered to substantiate modern leaders’ innovation and self-realisation potential. Features of the mythocritical and mythoanalytical method of G. Durand are presented.

Contemporary Kazakh Crafts in the Focus of Ethno-Symbolism: Methodological Aspects

The issues of studying symbolism and symbol-creativity in the art of contemporary Kazakh crafts have made the methodological potential of Anthony Smith’s ethno-symbolic concept topical. Relying on the scholar's belief that national traditions are based on a set of stable ethno-cultural symbols that ensure their longevity and vitality, contemporary Kazakh craft can be studied in the aspect of national identity. Anthony Smith’s ethno-symbolic discourse allows us to consider objects of national culture in their historical dynamics as a reconstruction of stable symbolic structures that preserve the national identity core. The study raises the conceptual issue of “ethnicity” and “nationality”, as Anthony Smith’s very position is conceptually opposed to the ideas of both constructivists and supporters of primordialism. The scholar believes that the cultural basis of a nation, its current state depends on “previous development”, on cultural traditions, language and ethnic symbols. Thus, the issues of cultural and national identity appear to be correlated in the aspect of tradition and modernity problem. Craft as a cultural phenomenon of one or another nation bears the stamp of ethnogenesis, in which the whole complex of social dynamics, conditioned by the ontological nature of various forms of human community, participates. Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of socio-analysis on the two-structure society, consisting of production practices and “symbolic matrices” involved in sociogenesis, allows us to use its principles as a methodological approach to the study of both traditional crafts and their modern forms in the aspect of issues of cultural identity, the modernization of the past, the revival of traditional experience, etc. The analysis of some trends in contemporary Kazakh craft has shown that the aspiration for identity to a cultural “pattern” is oriented towards established ethno-cultural symbols. Ethno-symbolic discourse makes the semiotic attitude to traditional symbolism topical. It can be said with confidence that the ethno-symbolic approach opens up new opportunities to consider craft and traditional art as factors influencing the formation and preservation of cultural identity. This article was prepared as part of the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan project AR09259862 “Research of Traditional Crafts of Modern Kazakhstan: State and Search for Preservation”.

Japan’s pursuit of meritocracy, cosmopolitanism, and global rankings in higher education: a Bourdieusian interpretation

ABSTRACT Through the market-based conception of neoliberal performativity, an interlocking set of socio-economic agendas integrate higher education (HE) in state-level systems of production and accumulation. Within the scope of globalism, the capacity to develop competitive human capital emerges as a proxy indicator of achievement amongst institutions of higher learning. Through this elaborate symbolic structure, Japanese reforms aimed at bolstering “global” soft skills, including English, cosmopolitanism, and interculturality, function alongside an ideological arms race to enhance university rankings and individual investment in education. Invoking a Bourdieusian perspective, this conceptual inquiry suggests that stakeholders consider the secondary effects of asymmetrical efforts towards “élite” education, globalism, and world-class attainment, whereby accompanying policy reform propagates hegemony both locally and internationally. Additionally, the emergence of global soft skills as essential cultural capital challenges the supposed meritocracy of Japan’s HE system. Indeed, the “effort-based-reward” symbolic contract permeating much of the neoliberal discourse fails to account for the functional reality of class-distinguished taste. From this perspective, valuable cultural resources orientate towards a globally conscious, highly-credentialed middle-class privileged in social, economic, and cultural capital, thereby disadvantaging the majority of learners inevitably excluded from study at prestigious, brand-name universities.

Author and Style: Intellectualization of Victor Domontovych`s Artistic Discourse

The article highlights the features of the idiostyle of Victor Domontovych, a writer of 1920s, a representative of modernist artistic discourse. The stylistic manner of the author's writing shows his intellectualism, principles of his extraordinary scientifically oriented linguistic thinking. V. Domontovych depicts artistic reality through the prism of the ontological clash of categories of rational and irrational, real and unreal, intellectual and primitive-bourgeois, sexual and asexual. Using the concepts of plausible and implausible, real and conditional, the author characterizes the psycho-behavioral stereotypes of his characters in order to comment and evaluate their actions and decisions; he often uses a descriptive and contemplative manner, and forms of logical conclusions; therefore, a symbiosis of scientific and fictional presentation is formed.
 Domontovych's texts are full of ironic and mocking intonations in order to expose spirituality, low culture, meanness; the author strongly condemns selfishness, callousness, dishonesty in the behavior of the characters; the sharpness of his critical vision is directed against the arrogance of the intelligentsia, unjustified rationalism, scientific-like thinking, and bourgeoisie. The intellectual novels of the writer can be considered as extended metaphorical constructions, integral figurative and symbolic structures, profound artistic worldview carriers, as well as systems of meaning mythologizing. The author’s usage of linguistic and stylistic means is not extensive; they are unusual in their associative-figurative aspect and intended for the domain of cognitively meaningful perception. The expressiveness of texts is achieved through an implicit coded word usage, there is space for the reader to think creatively as the texts rely on the conceptual interaction within the system Author-Text-Reader.

Blueprints for Making Room: Considering Closure and Hospitality in Anglophone Heian Literary Studies

Blueprints for Making Room:Considering Closure and Hospitality in Anglophone Heian Literary Studies Reginald Jackson Unreal Houses: Character, Gender, and Genealogy in "The Tale of Genji" by Edith Sarra. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2020. Pp. xiii + 341. $68.00 cloth. Flowering Tales: Women Exorcising History in Heian Japan by Takeshi Watanabe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2020. Pp. xvi + 303. $65.00 cloth. How might the field of Heian literary studies become more open and more energizing to inhabit? I was invited to review two new books on Heian literature and soon felt drawn to consider a broader range of monographs and issues, including what it means to inhabit this subfield presently and how we might improve our interpretive and pedagogical work. In a fit of genuine optimism, I initially wrote: "Edith Sarra's and Takeshi Watanabe's new books help me hold out hope for anglophone Heian literary studies. Despite being focused squarely on single texts, both studies add much to our understanding of Heian literature, mining metaphors of exorcism and architecture to expand our sense of how literary texts, historical narratives, and the structures scaffolding them are fabricated." Serving as both departure point and allegorical touchstones for my essay, Watanabe's Flowering Tales: Women Exorcising History in Heian Japan and Sarra's Unreal Houses: Character, Gender, and Genealogy in "The Tale of Genji" highlight literal and symbolic structures [End Page 115] such as tamaya 霊屋 (spirit huts) and Genji's 源氏 vaunted Rokujōin 六条院 mansion (which Sarra deems "The House of Wishful Thinking"). Consequently, notions of mourning and wishing meshed as I pondered which types of thinking, writing, and teaching deserved to fade, and which ones should be amplified. If, like the houses Sarra theorizes, the configuration called "Heian literary studies" also supplies "blueprints of the possible" (p. 262), how might we revise those layouts to excavate and accommodate untapped possibilities? This brief reflection fails to account fully for the capacious landscape of Heian literature or the ensuing sample of scholarly monographs. Still, I wonder how our engagements might reflect more of the breadth embodied by our textual objects themselves. How could we expand our own sense—and students' sense—of how to navigate this terrain in more generative, less grief-ridden, ways? In 2020, a vicious pandemic year in which poor and BIPOC folks' disproportionate exposure to premature death occurred alongside protests for racial justice, on the one hand, and an intensification of racist anti-Black and anti-Asian violence, on the other, a weary hope—for wellness, for justice, for peace—pervaded these endless past months. Amidst this mappō 末法 parade of horrors sure to make Kamo no Chōmei 鴨長明 swoon, Watanabe's emphasis on "a collective, healing history" (p. 155) and contention that Eiga monogatari's 栄花物語 author "could be said to have effectively purged those negative, corrosive energies that not only spawned mono no ke 物の怪 [evil spirits], but also fueled the less overt antagonisms that gradually tore societies apart" (p. 197) resonated for being hopeful and timely. However, what made the year all the more surreal was the jarring gap between daily news coverage of corrosive energies and the discussions of weights and measures, Mongols, birthdays, and "Ox or buffalo?" that occupied the Premodern Japanese Studies LISTSERV.1 Following a pertinent consideration of epidemics in premodern Japan as COVID-19 took hold, as the year wore on, the realm of professional communal exchange stayed eerily remote from the real world. The asymmetry in urgency made me wonder if this strain of disregard was not in fact endemic to what we do: baked into our tiny idyll like a snow globe on some mantle, unfazed as the world around it burns. To what extent does attention [End Page 116] to politics in Heian Japan preclude a reckoning with conflicts animating our own era? Adding to the uncanniness was the resemblance this scenario bore to an earlier period. As Michael Bourdaghs explains, Early Western studies of Japanese culture tended to stress the aesthetic beauty of Japanese art and literature, to the neglect of its intellectual and political content. Politics and abstract theory were supposed to be the domains of Western modernity; Japan was assigned the task of...

Abstract forms and symbolism of the ornament in the Paleolithic art of Malta (The State Hermitage collections)

The article continues the studies of the series of cult pendants and crafts from the Upper Paleolithic site of Malta, dated 23–19 kya. The article uses materials from the Malta collections of the State Hermitage Museum. The author considers rod-shaped crafts, buckles and pendants in the form of “eight” as a particular abstract form of Paleolithic art. Analyzing the art objects of Malta, the author classifies figurines and handicrafts as belonging to a stylized manner of depiction. Image stylization being one of the techniques of artistic abstraction is not an initial generalization and convention resulted from the peculiarities of our perception, but rather from a symbolic system of the mythological genre, revised and recorded by means of symbolic codes. A special role in symbolic symbols is given to ornamental elements those create separate structures of symbols and decorative compositions. Any selected ornamental elements (modules) in various combinations can carry different semantic loadings. In this respect it is important to analyze the use of ornamental patterns and their correlation with specific kinds of craft items and decorations. The author notes that the preservation of the material and traces of biogenic effects on objects during their staying in soil horizons (manganese dendrites, traces of plant roots an microorganisms) give a strong distortion of decorative elements.

Forecasting of nonlinear dynamics based on symbolic invariance

Forecasting unknown dynamics is of great interest across many physics-related disciplines. However, data-driven machine learning methods are bothered by the poor generalization issue. To this end, a forecasting model based on symbolic invariance (i.e., symbolic expressions/equations that represent intrinsic system mechanisms) is proposed. By training and pruning a symbolic neural network wrapped in a numerical integrator, we develop an invariant symbolic structure that represents the evolution function and thus can generalize well to unseen data. To counter noise effect, an algorithmic framework for probabilistic forecasting has also been developed by leveraging a non-parametric Bayesian inference method. Additionally, to account for univariate forecasting that is partially observed from a system with multiple state variables, we further leverage the delay coordinate embedding to find symbolic invariance of the partially observed system in a more self-contained embedding. The performance of the proposed framework has been demonstrated on both synthetic and real-world nonlinear dynamics and shown better generalization over popular deep learning models in short/medium forecasting horizons. Moreover, comparison with dictionary-based symbolic regression methods suggests better-behaved and more efficient optimization of the proposed framework when the function search space is enormous.

Community Empowerment Policy by Regional Governments from Defense and Security Threats in the Era of Society 5.0

This study aims to see and analyze the implementation of community empowerment policies and the challenges of national defense threats carried out by the Government of Indonesia, especially the role of regional governments. Quoted from the official website of the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, there are a total of 514 regencies and cities in the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) consisting of 416 regencies and 98 cities. Through a qualitative method using a narrative policy analysis approach, this research shows the forms and challenges of defense policy as a policy strategy carried out to maintain Indonesian sovereignty, especially in regional government based on the narrative and symbolic structures that exist in the policy process through community empowerment. The results of this study indicate that defense policies in local governments to support national defense are still not optimal because first bilateral and multilateral cooperation have not been carried out with other regions that are directly involved in conflict, secondly there is no coordination between regions and related agencies in the implementation of defense policies implemented in the regions. . This is evidenced by the lack of collaboration between regions regarding community empowerment in warding off threats that will occur at any time in the era of society 5.0.

Political Socialization in a Changing Society: A Crisis of Value Orientations or Asynchronization of National Memories?

The article examines qualitative changes in the socio-cultural parameters of intergenerational communication that impact social cohesion and civic identification in contemporary society. Diversification of symbol production and an increase in the number of agents of political communications, a greater heterogeneity of political ideologies, and modes of political representation shape political processes. To adequately address these changes, one needs new theoretical models of political socialization. Such models would examine youth political incorporation as a particular form of communication predicated on the spatial and temporal design of political events within national communities. The focus on generational differences in the interpretation of political events helps explain youth positioning vis-à-vis older generations. In this case, political socialization goes beyond the processes of the younger generation’s adaptation to institutions and value-normative regimes of the “adult” society. It is a communicative process of establishing generational political expectations. Analysis of the legitimating profiles of national memory—those that include competing symbolic representations of images of the future and the past, typologies of the heroic, concepts of guilt and responsibility—is crucial to studying the political socialization of the younger generation. The authors emphasize the significance of both a theoretical and applied analysis of symbolic structures of political memory and the role of iconic power in understanding intergenerational continuity and change. Drawing on the methods of cultural sociology, the authors outline novel theoretical approaches to studying youth political socialization in today’s society.

Review: Contesting Modernity: Informalism in Venezuela, 1955–1975, edited by Mari Carmen Ramírez and Tahía Rivero, and El Techo de la Ballena: Retro-Modernity in Venezuela, by María C. Gaztambide

Review: <i>Contesting Modernity: Informalism in Venezuela, 1955–1975</i>, edited by Mari Carmen Ramírez and Tahía Rivero, and <i>El Techo de la Ballena: Retro-Modernity in Venezuela</i>, by María C. Gaztambide

The Application of Neural Networks in the Construction of a Program for the Markup of Text

This paper explores the use and applications of neural networks in the construction of a text markup program. This research paper describes various tasks that require textual data analysis and discusses the problems, issues, and solutions that accompany them. Interest in neural networks has increased in recent years, and they are find­ing applications in a wide variety of fields, such as business, medicine, engineering, geology, and physics. Neural networks have made great strides in forecasting, planning, and management. There are several reasons for this situation. Neural networks are very powerful modeling systems capable of creating complex dependencies. Neural networks can be widely used in areas such as text/speech recognition, semantic search, decision support/expert systems, inventory forecasting, data storage systems and content analysis. The object of the work is the process of functioning of neural networks and an algorithm for text markup recognition. The purpose of the scientific paper is the application of neural networks in the construction of the program for the markup of the text. In order to achieve the goal, the following tasks were put forward: a) study existing neural networks, b) choose a neural network to cre­ate a model and study its structure, c) convert input data to feed it into a neural network model. Representation and analysis of symbolic structures in neural networks seems to be an interesting and useful direction in neural network theory. In this paper, we have reviewed some neural network architectures that may merit further consideration in these circumstances. In what follows, we will focus on specific experiments in this area. Thus, this paper outlines a problem area for further research and testing.

Architectural practice of shaping urban spaces through the prism of traditional ideas of the Turks (Nursultan, Kazakhstan)

The article discloses architectural ideas, aesthetics, ethics and social ethics of state power in terms of designing architectural spaces in the city of Nursultan. Universals of traditional Turkic culture and modern stimulating impulses of creativity are analyzed. The criteria for searching for a "collective portrait" in the representation of urban spaces and ways of constructing mythological and symbolic meanings in them are revealed. Architectural images are formed at the level of accepted literary patterns - mythological, symbolic formations. The urbanization of a metropolitan place determines a hierarchically organized semiotic product that has the stability of archaic meanings, as stages of construction, with ethnic and mythopoetic constructivism, marked by the conditional concepts of “capital nodes”. The first metropolitan spatial node was revealed by the principles of a new independent and self-sustained world order, renaming the streets of the virgin land, but adding an object of power - the Presidential Palace of Culture. The second node - Nurzhol Boulevard laid down a new principle of spatiality - the Ritual Path through the Exhibition of Independence Achievements: from one symbolic structure of the Power to another, replacing the Square, as the Soviet form of ritual expression. The third node began with the shopping malls, making out and closing the Way to the architectural passage, which eventually culminated in the appearance of the image of the Sphere-Universe - EXPO 2017. This development of figurative forms reveals the stages of understanding and acquiring a topological space - the "face" of the capital, primarily in the republican, regional and planetary scale.

Structures of Compound Map Symbols Represented with Chinese Characters

Structures of Compound Map Symbols Represented with Chinese Characters

Producing gentrifiable neighborhoods: race, stigma and struggle in Berlin-Neukölln

Through a case study of an immigrant dense working-class neighborhood in Berlin, this article asks how racial and territorial stigmatization figure into state-enabled financialized gentrification and resistance against it. While there is a discussion on territorial stigmatization in the gentrification literature, this debate remains understated in the emerging financialized gentrification literature and rarely connects to race. Debates on resistance to financialization, in turn, while being attuned to the detrimental effects of stigmatization on struggle, pay little attention to the role of the local state as a producer of stigma. In this article I draw together debates on financialization, state-enabled gentrification and racial and territorial stigma to suggest that the local state, through its oppressive classifications and racialized representations of urban space, contributes to preparing the symbolic and material structures on which finance capital is able to flourish, not only by normalizing displacement, but by hampering resistance and demobilizing local working-class communities.

Charles Sander Pierce Semiotic Analysis of Symbolic Meaning on Kriya Art of Panji Mask Cirebon

The local community in Mandarangan Village in Cirebon is located in the Kasepuhan palace area, which is often known as a cultural heritage of its ancestors, and so that many master craftsmen including craftsmen of Panji mask are born. The art of Panji mask craft has some interesting symbols to study. The art of Indonesian Panji Cirebon masks in the village of Slangit has many varieties of meanings in the form of visualization, which brings various interpretations to mask art lovers. This study aims to determine the symbolic meaning contained in the Cirebon style Panji mask using the semiotic approach of Charles Sander Pierce. The research shows that (1) the Cirebon style banner mask which is composed of visual symbols, namely tanpa jamang, nanggal sepisan eyebrows, menjangan ranggah eyebrows, leyepan eyes, kedhelen eyes, walimiring nose, prengesan mouth, white color all of these symbols are stylized from the shape of objects natural. (2) The structure of the visual symbolism of the Cirebon style Panji Mask which contains character values consisting of the shape of the eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth and color. All symbolic structures are stylized forms of natural objects with character values of sacred, loyal, obedient, honest, innocent, simple, smooth, gentle, dashing, smart, wise, cheerful, and smiling or friendly.

THE BLUE SKY IN THE ARCHITECTURE SYMBOL

This article describes the important part of architecture in our national architecture, the dome that separates it from the architecture of other nations, and the astronomical ornaments in its interior and their symbolic analysis. Our initial scientific hypothesis is that a symbolic analysis of the interior design of the 17th-century Tilla Kori Madrasah in Samarkand depicts the symbolic structure of 18,000 universes through an astronomical pattern.