Symbol Library Research Articles

Construction of collaborative mapping engine for dynamic disaster and emergency response

In the collaborative mapping of disasters, response situations and decisions, it is important to support various emergency responders with a unified platform to help in decision making and coordinating emergency action. However, most existing symbol libraries focus primarily on representing disasters and related information. These libraries lack specific symbols to map response situations and emergency decisions. For representation of dynamic disasters and response factors, these symbols support rich interactive editing after the symbols are mapped. In addition, decision making and mapping of disasters and response situations typically involve different domains of expertise and different responsibilities of map makers. It is essential to construct a collaborative mapping engine that supports disaster and emergency mapping on a collaborative platform. However, most existing methods of collaboration cannot readily support collaboration on symbols containing complex data structures or accommodate rich interactive editing operations. This article proposes a collaborative mapping engine for dynamic disasters and emergency responses. To support collaborative mapping based on complex data structures and rich interactive map symbols, it proposes a method of mapping operation replication to implement collaboration. Additionally, strategies were designed to enhance the efficiency and stability of collaboration. Finally, an experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as an example. The results reveal that the engine can contribute to improved mapping efficiency and management during emergencies.

The availability and accessibility of basic concept vocabulary in AAC software: a preliminary study

Core vocabulary lists obtained through the analyses of children’s utterances include a variety of basic concept words. Supporting young children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to develop their understanding and use of basic concepts is an area of practice that has important ramifications for successful communication in a classroom environment. This study examined the availability of basic concept words across eight frequently used, commercially available AAC language systems, iPad© applications, and symbol libraries used to create communication boards. The accessibility of basic concept words was subsequently examined using two AAC language page sets and two iPad applications. Results reveal that the availability of basic concept words represented within the different AAC language programs, iPad applications, and symbol libraries varied but was limited across programs. However, there is no significant difference in the accessibility of basic concept words across the language program page sets or iPad applications, generally because all of them require sophisticated motor and cognitive plans for access. These results suggest that educators who teach or program vocabulary in AAC systems need to be mindful of the importance of basic concept words in classroom settings and, when possible, enhance the availability and accessibility of these words to users of AAC.

A Procedural Construction Method for Interactive Map Symbols Used for Disasters and Emergency Response

The timely and accurate mapping of dynamic disasters and emergencies is an important task that is necessary for supporting the decision-making that can improve the efficiency of rescue and response efforts. The existing emergency symbol libraries are primarily composed of point symbols and simple line symbols, focusing on the representation of disasters, related facilities, and operations. However, various existing response factors (e.g., the distribution and types of emergency forces) are also important for further decision-making and emergency responses; there is a need to design complex and diverse symbols to represent this rich information. Moreover, traditional mapping systems only provide static map symbols that cannot be easily edited after creation, making it difficult to support interactive editing after the symbols are mapped, thus hindering the representation of dynamic disasters and response factors. This article targets a solution of the above issues by proposing a procedural construction method of interactive map symbols for dynamic disasters and emergency responses. There are two primary research points. First, an emergency response and decision symbol library was classified and integrated into the existing attachments to form a richer symbol library for comprehensively representing disasters and emergencies. Second, an interactive map symbol procedural construction method was designed based on (1) primitive geometric compositions and geometric graphics algorithms to construct the map symbol graphics; (2) an interactive graphics control and drawing attributes configuration method to support user interactive editing of the visual variables of the mapped symbols; (3) and a dynamic updating and drawing strategy to support the real-time refreshing of the changing visual variables. The experiment was conducted using the Wenchuan earthquake as a case study, and the results demonstrate a powerful capacity of the produced interactive map symbols, which will contribute to the improvement of the mapping efficiency and representation capability of disasters and emergency response.

A General Sparse Tensor Framework for Electronic Structure Theory

Linear-scaling algorithms must be developed in order to extend the domain of applicability of electronic structure theory to molecules of any desired size. However, the increasing complexity of modern linear-scaling methods makes code development and maintenance a significant challenge. A major contributor to this difficulty is the lack of robust software abstractions for handling block-sparse tensor operations. We therefore report the development of a highly efficient symbolic block-sparse tensor library in order to provide access to high-level software constructs to treat such problems. Our implementation supports arbitrary multi-dimensional sparsity in all input and output tensors. We avoid cumbersome machine-generated code by implementing all functionality as a high-level symbolic C++ language library and demonstrate that our implementation attains very high performance for linear-scaling sparse tensor contractions.

SymPy: symbolic computing in Python

SymPy is an open source computer algebra system written in pure Python. It is built with a focus on extensibility and ease of use, through both interactive and programmatic applications. These characteristics have led SymPy to become a popular symbolic library for the scientific Python ecosystem. This paper presents the architecture of SymPy, a description of its features, and a discussion of select submodules. The supplementary material provide additional examples and further outline details of the architecture and features of SymPy.

Aeroelastic Flutter of Continuous Systems: A Generalized Laplace Transform Method

This paper presents a generalization of the Laplace transform method (LTM) for determining the flutter points of a linear ordinary-differential aeroelastic system—a linear system involving a spatial derivative as well as a time-eigenvalue parameter. Current implementations of the LTM have two major problems: they are unable to solve systems of arbitrary size, order, and boundary conditions, and they require certain key operations to be performed by hand or with symbolic manipulation libraries. Our generalized method overcomes both these problems. We also devise a new method for solving and visualizing the algebraic system that arises from the LTM procedure. We validate our generalized LTM and novel solution method against both the Goland wing model and a large system of high differential order, as a demonstration of their effectiveness for solving such systems.

Library of graphic symbols for power equipment in the scalable vector graphics format

This paper describes the results of developing and using a library of graphic symbols for components of power equipment under the state standards GOST 21.403-80 “Power Equipment” and GOST 2.789-74 “Heat Exchangers”. The library is implemented in the SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format. The obtained solutions are in line with the well-known studies on creating libraries of parametrical fragments of symbols for elements of diagrams and drawings in design systems for various industrial applications. The SVG format is intended for use in web applications, so the creation of SVG codes for power equipment under GOST 21.403-80 and GOST 2.789-74 is an essential stage in the development of web programs for the thermodynamic optimization of power plants. One of the major arguments in favor of the SVG format is that it can be integrated with codes. So, in process control systems developed based on a web platform, scalable vector graphics provides for a dynamic user interface, functionality of mimic panels and changeability of their components depending on the availability and status of equipment. An important reason for the acquisition and use of the SVG format is also that it is becoming the basis (recommended for the time being, and mandatory in future) for electronic document management in the sphere of design documentation as part of international efforts to standardize and harmonize data exchange formats. In a specific context, the effectiveness of the SVG format for the power equipment arrangement has been shown. The library is intended for solution of specific production problems involving an analysis of the power plant thermal circuits and in training of power engineering students. The library and related materials are publicly available through the Internet. A number of proposals on the future evolution of the library have been formulated.

Implementation of real-time moving horizon estimation for robust air data sensor fault diagnosis in the RECONFIGURE benchmark

This paper presents robust fault diagnosis and estimation for the calibrated airspeed and angle-of-attack sensor faults in the RECONFIGURE benchmark. We adopt a low-order longitudinal model augmented with wind dynamics. In order to enhance sensitivity to faults in the presence of winds, we propose a constrained residual generator by formulating a constrained moving horizon estimation problem and exploiting the bounds of winds. The moving horizon estimation problem requires solving a nonlinear program in real time, which is challenging for flight control computers. This challenge is addressed by adopting an efficient structure-exploiting algorithm within a real-time iteration scheme. Specific approximations and simplifications are performed to enable the implementation of the algorithm using the Airbus graphical symbol library for industrial validation and verification. The simulation tests on the RECONFIGURE benchmark over different flight points and maneuvers show the efficacy of the proposed approach.

Библиотека условных графических обозначений энергетического оборудования в формате масштабируемой векторной графики

Библиотека условных графических обозначений энергетического оборудования в формате масштабируемой векторной графики

Do genome‐scale models need exact solvers or clearer standards?

Constraint‐based analysis of genome‐scale models (GEMs) arose shortly after the first genome sequences became available. As numerous reviews of the field show, this approach and methodology has proven to be successful in studying a wide range of biological phenomena (McCloskey et al, 2013; Bordbar et al, 2014). However, efforts to expand the user base are impeded by hurdles in correctly formulating these problems to obtain numerical solutions. In particular, in a study entitled “An exact arithmetic toolbox for a consistent and reproducible structural analysis of metabolic network models” (Chindelevitch et al, 2014), the authors apply an exact solver to 88 genome‐scale constraint‐based models of metabolism. The authors claim that COBRA calculations (Orth et al, 2010) are inconsistent with their results and that many published and actively used (Lee et al, 2007; McCloskey et al, 2013) genome‐scale models do support cellular growth in existing studies only because of numerical errors. They base these broad claims on two observations: (i) three reconstructions (iAF1260, iIT341, and iNJ661) compute feasibly in COBRA, but are infeasible when exact numerical algorithms are used by their software (entitled MONGOOSE); (ii) linear programs generated by MONGOOSE for iIT341 were submitted to the NEOS Server (a Web site that runs linear programs through various solvers) and gave inconsistent results. They further claim that a large percentage of these COBRA models are actually unable to produce biomass flux. Here, we demonstrate that the claims made by Chindelevitch et al (2014) stem from an incorrect parsing of models from files rather than actual problems with numerical error or COBRA computations.

Analog Circuit Simulation Approach With Multi-Fault Injector

The process of simple fault injection into Pspice simulation environment has the disadvantage of low efficiency and low degree of automation. To address this problem, a multi-fault injector is designed and implemented. It can not only be capable of the single fault injection, but also have the function of the batch injection for the same fault type. Firstly, this paper explains the fault injector algorithm and the pre-processing of netlist file to avoid the problem that the single fault cannot be injected into multiple instantiated sub-circuits. Secondly, through analyzing the way to describe the inte- gration component model in Pspice, the method adopts the sub-circuit way to create the fault model parameter file by us- ing the substitution method and the equivalent circuit method without designing the fault model symbol library. Moreo- ver, the fault list is closely associated with fault model according to fault injection algorithm. Finally, an experiment is de- signed to validate the practicability and validity of the proposed approach.

Conversion of data and symbol library from MapGIS to ArcGIS

Conversion of data and symbol library from MapGIS to ArcGIS

Research on the Intelligent Annotation Technology of Geometrical Tolerance Based on Geometrical Product Specification (GPS)

To solve the problem of geometrical tolerance annotation in CAD software is not in conformity with the requirement of the new generation Geometrical Product Specification (GPS), an intelligent annotation module of geometrical tolerance which is integrated seamlessly with Creo software is developed. In the developed module, the new annotation requirements of geometrical tolerance, such as intersection plane, orientation plane, and collection plane, are provided, and their application rules are given. The design rules of geometrical characteristics are put forward based on invariance class provided by the new generation GPS, and the relationship between geometrical tolerance zone and the additional symbols is established. By using of building standard symbols library, inquiring of geometrical tolerance value automatically, and simplifying user interface, the intelligent and convenience geometrical tolerance annotation is realized. The case study indicates that using the developed module make the geometrical tolerance annotation in CAD software easier and more convenient.

Development of Topographic Maps Symbols Library

Visual LISP language is favored by many people for its simple and practical. Because of most CAD teaching materials centre on introducing concrete languages’ use and single symbol making, lack of a comprehensive descriptionof the whole process of developing professional symbols library, it is very difficult for People having mastery of LISP languages to developing professional symbol library by this language. In this article, the authors develop a symbols library for common Topographic Maps and design an environment to transfer and input the symbols with the aid of Visual LISP language, including defining graphic coordinates systems, coordinates transformations, putting library files in order, calling user-defined file etc. This paper provides great help for people who Devote oneself to map symbol library system development.

Design on Geographical Multi-Scale 3D Symbol Library

3D Geographic Information System (3D GIS); 3D symbol library; Modeling. Abstract. The 3D symbol is the basic approach to represent geographic themes in 3D GIS. In this paper, a multi-scale data model for 3D symbol library is designed to solve the problems in the organization, storage and display for multi-scale symbols. The particle system and animation technology are utilized in dynamic display of 3D symbols. A multi-scale and dynamic 3D symbol library system prototype is constructed and applied in many 3D visualization systems. The results show that the 3D symbol library based on multi-scale and dynamic technology presents high performance.

Research of Multi-mediums Visualized Outputting of Map

The article analyzed the current development of map visualization and indicated the necessary of research on multi-medium outputting of map, then the author introduced three main outputting methods include publishing map outputting, electronic map outputting and web map outputting in detail. At present, most soft wares about visualization of spatial data emphasize one or two outputting mediums. There are few researches about coherence and unification of multi-medium outputting of map. To arrive at this aim, this article made a deeply study on the pivotal technology include map symbol library and map symbolization, color management and annotation represent about multi-medium outputting of map.

The Research on Represention and Realization of Map Symbol Based on Text

Abstract The paper put forward a descriptive rules of map symbol library on describing and organizing the point, line and area symbol with the way of plain text based on the visual variables and BNF, which can share map symbol resource cross platform and greatly enhance the work efficiency. Then realize the drawing and using of the example of the 1:50000 topographic map symbol with the rules, which gives some value of reference in craft brother.

Action Language verifier: an infinite-state model checker for reactive software specifications

Action Language is a specification language for reactive software systems. In this paper, we present the syntax and the semantics of the Action Language and we also present an infinite-state symbolic model checker called Action Language Verifier (ALV) that verifies (or falsifies) CTL properties of Action Language specifications. ALV is built on top of the Composite Symbolic Library, which is a symbolic manipulator that combines multiple symbolic representations. ALV is a polymorphic model checker that can use different combinations of the symbolic representations implemented in the Composite Symbolic Library. We describe the heuristics implemented in ALV for computing fixpoints using the composite symbolic representation. Since Action Language specifications allow declaration of unbounded integer variables and parameterized integer constants, verification of Action Language specifications is undecidable. ALV uses several heuristics to conservatively approximate the fixpoint computations. ALV also implements an automated abstraction technique that enables parameterized verification of a concurrent system with an arbitrary number of identical processes.

Neues Konzept einer computergestützten Dokumentation von Netzhautbefunden bei Frühgeborenenretinopathie

Pathological findings and clinical course of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are often documented with hand drawings. The use of software-based standardised symbols for ROP staging leads to improved documentation quality. We developed graphical symbols for all ROP stages as well as plus disease. All of the symbols were integrated into a java-based application as a particular ROP category of a complete symbol library for retinal changes. The symbols can be placed on a schematic retina with a mouse click. Using anchors each symbol can be individually adapted to the specific finding (size, position, shape). The use of standardised symbols in a software package allows the computer-aided manufacturing of graphically high-quality documentation in affordable time. The distinct assignment of all symbols to the ROP stages prevents misinterpretation and sketchy, illegible hand drawings. The digital documentation of pathological changes of ROP provides an easy, economic and standardised method to record retinal findings.

Approach to general data model of GIS symbol library and symbol library data exchange XML schema

Symbol portrayal is an important function of GIS. Sharing symbolic information in different GIS platforms is necessary for GIS applications and users. This paper discusses the necessity, possibility and solution technique of sharing a symbol library in different GIS platforms. The route map is designed as follows: first, to set up a general data model for the symbol library, then to design a standard exchange format, and finally to call on the GIS manufacturer to provide the interchange tools for their symbol library for the standard exchange format. This paper analyzes the general characteristics of GIS symbolic library, gives a symbol library model and a draft of XML schema of the symbol library exchange format.