Symbolic Level Research Articles

Михаил Мокеев. «Бесы»: перевод Достоевского на язык современности

The article discusses the staging of Fedor Dostoevsky’s novel Demons in Brusnikin workshop (Directors: Dmitry Brusnikin, Mikhail Mokeev, Mikhail Rakhlin). The play, staged by the final year of the Moscow Art Theater School in 2013, was played until the end of May 2021, and after that was not removed from the repertoire, but replaced by the play “Demons. The Night.” The performance is staged in the style of the New Russian Drama, which includes a large amount of improvisation, the involvement of the audience in the course of the performance, the fact of rethinking and refining key points right during the performance. Essentially, the production itself is existential, and requires from the actors to experience situations that reveal them to themselves in a new form and quality during each performance. In the article we will talk about the philosophy involved in the symbolic level of the performance.

Cooperative Gigabit Content Distribution with Network Coding for mmWave Vehicular Networks

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) directional communication has been deemed as a promising means to achieve the goal of multi-gigabit data rate with low latency in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). However, due to the frequent transmission errors caused by the lossy nature of mmWave wireless links and high dynamic of VANETs, the channel resources are not fully exploited. In order to enhance the resilience to transmission errors, we introduce the symbol level network coding (SLNC) to mmWave wireless communications. We propose a greedy network coding strategy based on graph-theoretic approach, named GTNC, so as to take full advantage of SLNC. Moreover, considering the directionality of mmWave and the effect of GTNC on degrading transmission redundancy, it has great potential to realize concurrent transmission in mmWave vehicular networks. Therefore, we propose a cooperative concurrent distribution scheme with GTNC, named CCDS-GTNC, to coordinate transmissions between vehicles, which carries out collaborative vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications and achieves concurrent transmissions of multiple transmitters simultaneously. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of content dissemination in view of reducing the transmission delay and transmission redundancy.

Analysis of Chemistry Problem-Solving Ability in Symbolic Level for Senior High School Students

Analysis of Chemistry Problem-Solving Ability in Symbolic Level for Senior High School Students. Objective: The study aims to analyze the ability to solve symbolic level of chemistry problems on buffer solution. Methods: This research used descriptive qualitative method. Population in this study was used as research sample, i.e sixty students from XI MIPA. Data collection was carried out using a three-tier multiple choice diagnostic test and a student response questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that the ability to solve symbolic level chemistry problems on buffer solution was still low, with an average percentage of understanding the concept was 9.77%, misconceptions was 57.75%, and not understanding the concept was 32.48%. Students’ responses to the use of three-tier multiple-choice questions were positive, with a percentage of 74.30%; students gave good responses to the three-tier test, so this test is categorized as good to identify the level of student understanding in solving symbolic level chemistry problems on buffer solution. Concusion: The research findings confirmed that the diagnostic three-tier test is a good diagnostic test to analysis chemistry problem-solving skills. Keywords: chemistry problem solving ability, symbolic level, three-tier diagnostic test. Abstrak: Analisis Kemampuan Penyelesaian Masalah Kimia dalam Level Simbolik bagi Siswa SMA. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan menyelesaikan soal kimia tingkat simbolik pada materi larutan penyangga. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Seluruh populasi dalam penelitian ini dijadikan sampel yaitu seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA yang berjumlah 60 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes diagnostik Three Tier Multiple Choice dan angket respon siswa. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menyelesaikan soal kimia tingkat simbolik pada materi larutan penyangga masih rendah, dengan persentase rata-rata paham konsep 9,77%, miskonsepsi 57,75%, dan tidak paham konsep 32,48%. Respon siswa terhadap penggunaan soal three-tier multiple choice adalah positif dengan persentase 74,30%; siswa memberikan respon yang baik pada tes three-tier, sehingga bentuk tes ini dikategorikan baik untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pemahaman siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kimia level simbolik pada materi larutan penyangga. Kesimpulan: Temuan penelitian mengkonfirmasi bahwa tes diagnostik three-tier yang dikembangkan merupakan salah satu bentuk tes yang baik untuk mengetahui keterampilan pemecahan masalah kimia siswa. Kata kunci: kemampuan pemecahan masalah kimia, level simbolik, three tier diagnostic test. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v13.i1.202310

Treatment of Non-Muslims in Moderate Saudi in Muhammad Bin Salman’s Religious Reform

This study tries to highlight the changes and breakthroughs that Muhammad bin Salma echoes in the Saudi Vision 2030, particularly in the aspect of treatment of non-Muslim groups. As mentioned above, this group experienced a lot of discrimination and persecution during the previous administration. As promised by the Prince, the government that was previously conservative will be returned to a more moderate direction. However, it is necessary to further explore whether the application and practice of moderate Islam includes the relationship between the state and non-Muslims in this country or not. For this reason, this study will compare several policies before Muhammad bin Salman era and their changes (if any) after the reforms carried out by the Prince. This research shows that Muhammad bin Salman has initiated some changes in relations with non-Muslims at the global level. Some changes in formal textbooks in schools have also been made towards a more moderate ideology. However, the changes in religious reforms brought by the Prince were limited to a symbolic level and were more external in nature. Meanwhile, domestic commitments related to the management of diversity and the fulfillment of the rights to freedom of religion have yet to be seen in real policies that provide rights for non-Muslims.

Revealing Preservice Teachers’ Conceptions, Troublesome Knowledge and Threshold Concept of Chemical Equilibrium through Predict Observe Explain Mental Model Diagnostic Test (POE-MMDT)

The purpose of this study is to reveal preservice teacher’ conception of chemical equilibrium concepts which then were further analysed to identify the troublesome knowledge and threshold concept of chemical equilibrium. The participants of this study were 68 preservice chemistry teachers from one of the Teacher Education Institutions in Bandung, Indonesia. Using the descriptive-qualitative design, this research uses a predict-observe-explain mental model diagnostic test consisting of four main questions related to the phenomenon equilibrium process of the decomposition of N2O4 to become NO2. The findings show that most of the preservice teachers’ conceptions about chemical equilibrium are at the level of partial understanding, with five misconceptions has been identified in this study: (1) the reaction in chemical equilibrium is the same as an irreversible reaction; (2) the concentration of reactant and products are the same at equilibrium state; (3) gas with a greater concentration at equilibrium state can be determined from the gas that was first inserted to the container; (4) the concentration ratio at equilibrium is equal with the ratio of the coefficient reaction, and (5) the reactant is the gas which fills the container first. Further analysis shows that there are eight concepts in chemical equilibrium with troublesome knowledge characteristics, namely (1) the concentration of reactants and products in a state of equilibrium; (2) changes in the concentration of reactants and products to a state of equilibrium when starting from any side; (3) reactions that occur in an equilibrium state, (4) chemical equations for equilibrium reaction; (5) the rate of reactions in equilibrium state; (6) the change of reaction rate to reach an equilibrium state; (7) the relationship between Q and K; and (8) the calculation of reactants and products concentration at an equilibrium state. In addition, chemical equilibrium has two threshold concepts: the dynamic characteristic of equilibrium reaction and equilibrium constant. These findings show that the predict-observe-explain instrument has the potential to disclose PSTs’ mental model since it requires the participants to explain the prediction and its corresponding observation result. Besides, this instrument also guides the participants in explaining the macroscopic phenomena, which generates information about their understanding at the submicroscopic and symbolic levels. should be recognised as encompassed by and a form or part of “for all.”

Сравнение декодеров группового сигнала с неортогональным множественным доступом, сформированного из сигнально-кодовых конструкций LTE

A comparative analysis of the performance of SL-SIC (Symbol Level - Serial Interference Cancellation) and CWL-SIC (Codeword Level-SIC) decoders of PD-NOMA (Power Doman - Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access) baseband signals in a system with two users is presented. Real signal code constructs (SCC) from the 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution of 3rd Generation Partnership Project) communication standard are used. The performance of CWL-SIC achievable in practice in real systems for all possible designs of a group PD-NOMA signal consisting of different pair combinations of noise-immune SCCs has been obtained. With the help of mathematical modeling, weighting power coefficients are obtained that provide the maximum average performance of the group signal for two user channels. The high efficiency of the CWL-SIC and the expediency of its use in real systems, especially in conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, are shown.

Dreaming of distant lands. How Fascism built colonial women (1937-1941)

When they seized power in 1922, the Fascists adopted a patriarchal stance regarding women. Adopting the pronatalist theories of Riccardo Korherr, Federico Marconcini and Ferdinando Loffredo, Fascism became a staunch defender of demographic policies relegating women exclusively to the role of wife and mother, mere breeding machines whose only job was to increase the number of Italians for the war effort and to drive colonial expansion in order to keep up with the other European nations. As a consequence of the war for the conquest of empire in East Africa, a population management strategy was conceived in which young women would be sent to produce families to re-populate Ethiopia in the name of the Fascist state. Accordingly, it became necessary to develop a different model for educating young women, to actively equip them for their new lives in Africa. With this in mind, the Fascist leadership exploited women’s Fascist associations, drawing up national curricula for standardized training of these before sending them off to Africa.This investigation explores the contemporary press such as L’Azione Coloniale and the training manual used in the courses preparing women for life in the African colonies. The objective was to understand whether the change in the educational policy devised for a group of young women, chosen for convenience, may have modified the overall image of women on a symbolic level in the last years of the regime.

Inextricably Entangled: The Porosity of Human and Non-Human Bodies in Sara Baume’s A Line Made by Walking

It has been argued that many contemporary writers display growing levels of ecological awareness in their writing and that the depiction of nature in Irish literature is changing. This is certainly true of Sara Baume’s 2017 novel A Line Made by Walking, which takes place in the Irish countryside and is deeply concerned with the non-human. This article draws upon new materialist and ecocritical theory (Karen Barad, Jane Bennett, Stacy Alaimo and others) to examine Baume’s treatment of the non-human landscape in the novel. The mind / matter, human / nature dualisms are among the novel’s core concerns. Baume emphasises the protagonist’s inability to identify with her body and depicts her feelings of alienation from non-human beings in vivid detail. This article highlights how, on a symbolic level, the author undermines these dualisms by offering a poetic depiction of the subtle connections and entanglements that bind the character’s body to the non-human landscape. Baume’s writing focuses on ordinary processes of exchange between human and non-human bodies, highlighting the crucial – albeit unnoticed – material connections that underpin the world we live in.

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE AND STYLE IN MIHAIL SADOVEANU’S THE HATCHET

The paper aims at stylistically comparing a selected excerpt of a Romanian contemporary novel, The Hatchet, with its English translation, laying stress on the lexical and grammatical levels. The study also includes an analysis of the Romanian text at the symbolic level. In the first part of the paper, Choice and Motivation, we will try to explain some of our translation choices and describe patterns of stylistic change which occurs during translation, laying emphasis on such elements as: parts of speech, sentence structure, descriptive patterns, constructions used for stylistic purposes, rhythm, insistent repetitions, the stylistic significances of several definite articles, as well as the use of unliterary forms of verbs and nouns, specific to the vernacular language. The second part of the study, Visual and Auditory Elements, focuses, at the symbolic level, on both the visual and auditory elements within the text. It deals first with the visual elements, at the lexical and stylistic levels, with a special emphasis on the auditory elements, analyzed at the lexical, phonetical and syntactical levels.

Assessing the benefits of virtual speaker lateralization for binaural speech intelligibility over the Internet

Binaural speech intelligibility tests using headphones were conducted remotely through the Internet using virtual speaker lateralization at azimuth angles around the front within ±45 degrees, combined with babble noise with signal to noise ratios (SNR) from -12 to -4 dB. Monophonic speech recordings, selected from the publicly available Mozilla Common Voice speech corpus in Spanish, were binaurally processed using a database of generic Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) to produce virtual speaker lateralization. A common signal of babble noise was mixed to both the left and right binaural signals, with different SNR. Speech intelligibility tests were conducted through a Google Forms questionnaire containing Internet links to YouTube videos embedding the corresponding test audio files. Symbolic text difference metrics: Levenshtein distance, and word error rate (WER), commonly used in the field of automatic speech recognition (ASR), were used to automatically calculate estimations of speech intelligibility scores, more conventionally used for (human) speech intelligibility research at the word level, together with microscopic speech intelligibility scores at the phonetic symbol level. Speech reception thresholds (SRT), and intelligibility slopes were determined, showing that the known beneficial effect of spatial release from masking (SRM) in improving speech intelligibility when the speaker is oriented at lateral azimuth angles relative to the listener, is preserved when using virtual speaker lateralization, and by the use of Internet transmitted audio using headphones. Results show that for azimuth angles of 20 and 30 degrees, left or right, speech intelligibility improves with an average unmasking benefit of 3.7±0.7 dB SRM, and an average intelligibility slope of 5.6±0.8%/dB, while also maintaining at these angles, a desirable impression of a virtual speaker with a reasonably frontal orientation. This provides a useful technique for improved Internet speech delivery.

Symbolic castration and symbolic parricide: is the Oedipus complex under Chinese culture resolved?

The review of relevant psychoanalytic literature has clarified that the Oedipus complex is considered to be resolved through symbolic castration and symbolic parricide. The author then reviewed the Chinese research papers, and proposed the hypothesis that the Oedipus complex is not absolutely resolved under Chinese culture at the level of symbolism.

The "in-between" element of the Europa and the Bull myth: responses by contemporary Greek artists (2002-2018) to the myth's politicisation by the EU

This paper presents a tripartite analysis of the political use of the Europa and the Bull myth in pro-European and Eurosceptical representations using the "in-between" concept. The "in-between" has long been used in philosophy and architecture and has been presented by Elizabeth Grosz (2001) within a broader context as an insightful tool for analysis. Here I use it to reveal the inner meanings of the myth and its political uses. First, I analyse how this concept of the "in-between" unfolds in two fundamental ideas of the myth, transformation (or metamorphosis) and transition (or transportation), signifying on a symbolic and political level a passage from one place/state of being to another, thus making it instrumental in shaping the political dynamic of the myth in the twentieth and twenty-first century. Secondly, I examine the role of this "in-between" concept in the process of the transformation of the myth from a cultural to a political one and in the use of the myth as such during times of European Union (EU) conflicts. Finally, I present artworks created by contemporary Greek artists in the years 2002-2018 as evidence of the above, setting their work on the international stage of artistic responses within the political arena.

Concept Representation and the Geometric Model of Mind

Abstract Current cognitive architectures are either working at the abstract, symbolic level, or the low, emergent level related to neural modeling. The best way to understand phenomena is to see, or imagine them, hence the need for a geometric model of mental processes. Geometric models should be based on an intermediate level of modeling that describe mental states in terms of features relevant from the first-person perspective but also linked to neural events. Concepts should be represented as geometrical objects that have sufficiently rich structures to show their properties and their relations to other concepts. The best way to create such geometrical representations of concepts is through the approximate description of the physical states of neural networks. The evolution of brain states is then represented as a trajectory linking successful concepts, and topological constraints on the shape of such trajectory define grammar and logic.

Analysing preschoolers’ awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity through the DivCon model

The article focuses on developing the awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity at the pre-school level. We first present the DivCon model (Diversity in Context) which promotes systematic exposure to linguistic and cultural diversity and is based on a framework which integrates six basic aspects: the journey metaphor, exposure to linguistic diversity, exposure to cultural diversity, progression from concrete to symbolic level, effective second language teaching approaches and children participation. In the second part of the paper we present the results of a qualitative study conducted in three kindergarten groups (n=40) to evaluate the model in the Slovenian context. The main aim of the study was to analyse pre-school children’s responses to the different dimensions in the model and the ways they perceive different languages and cultures. The results indicate that the participants responded positively to the activities carried out in order to evaluate the proposed model and showed that they are aware of linguistic and cultural diversity in a variety of ways. We argue that the model offers effective strategies for developing linguistic awareness and positive attitudes towards linguistic and cultural diversity at an early age.

When We Fail to Understand Ourselves

The mobilization of Christian discourse by versions of nationalism, na­tivist populism, and champions of "Western civilization" puts new pressure on the question of how theologians should relate Christian resources for imagining communal identity to the general processes of representation in society at large. In this article, I analyze the contemporary crisis of rep­resentation as a problem on the symbolic level of societies: as a crisis of social intelligibility. I do so in order to develop a theological perspective on how churches can respond to these crises and what resources theol­ogy may offer to the larger project of understanding our contemporary political crises. In particular, I suggest that we develop a theological analysis of the limits of representation, which will, among other things, involve attention to the times and places of social unintelligibility.

Epilepsy and religiosity: A historical overview

This article aims to provide a historical overview of the relationship between epilepsy and religiosity. Although the link between epilepsy and religiosity has been observed since ancient times, empirical research has not supported the direct relationship between epilepsy and religiosity in any unequivocal way. The rich reference to the historical relationship between epilepsy and religiosity often served as a kind of evidence in itself, even though observations of epileptic religiosity were far less detailed as modern scholars referred to them. A detailed analysis of the connection between epilepsy and religiosity only emerged in the 20th century. By introducing a symbolic level of interpretation, psychoanalysis significantly contributed to the psychological theory of the epileptic personality in general and epileptic religiosity in particular. The older concept of the epileptic personality (and religiosity) mixed with psychoanalytic interpretation was preserved in the Szondi Test. Based on the present historical analysis, the author concludes that the connection between epilepsy and increased religiosity was overstated in the 20th century.

Use of Multiple Representations in Online General Chemistry Class: Promoting Chemical Understanding during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Teaching and learning in chemistry have been shifted to online classes due to the pandemic. With this, researchers investigated the use of multiple representations embedded to determine its effectiveness in online learning setup. A pretest-posttest with control quasi-experimental design was employed to two groups of Grade 11 STEM students taking up a general chemistry course in a private secondary institution in Cebu City, Philippines. The control group (n=30) was exposed to typical online class while the experimental group (n=30) was exposed to the multiple representations. Study findings revealed that there have been significant mean gains for both groups, indicating the important role of online learning in chemistry. The experimental group (MD=3.03, t=2.495, p=.015) had significantly higher mean gains than the control group, signifying the more effective nature of multiple representations in chemistry teaching. Moreover, the students had highly favorable attitudes towards multiple representations and had average extents of understanding in the macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic levels. Therefore, the use of multiple representations promotes students’ chemical understanding during the Covid-19 pandemic. The researchers recommend the use of these representations in chemistry teaching, where teachers start at the macroscopic level before they proceed to the more abstract levels.

From the modern to the contemporary: Art, or the possibility of the impossible

This article asks the fundamental philosophical question concerning contemporary art: what is contemporary art? The distinction between modern and contemporary art is defined as internal to modern art, with the logic of rupture inherent to modernity. With modernity in art, three possibilities arise: constructivism, abstraction and non-art. After this, all contemporary art is either self-critical, formal or revolutionary. Through subtraction and formalization, contemporary art negates reality through local experiments that function at an abstract level of symbolization, making visible the real that is specific to every work of art and that creates a new place in the world. This experimentation effects a displacement within the sensible, creating a displacement between the possible and the impossible. Not unlike politics, art displaces a place in which it installs the formal promise of a new world. However, unlike politics, art provides a provisional respite through its ability to displace the laws of the world without ever promising to topple the world. Four maxims are proposed that define a contemporary meta-aesthetic ethos of anticipation that is not on the order of politics.

Lose Your Father

Lose Your Father

Cross-Technology Communication for Heterogeneous Wireless Devices Through Symbol-Level Energy Modulation

The coexistence of heterogeneous devices in wireless networks brings a new topic on cross-technology communication (CTC) to improve the coexistence efficiency and boost collaboration among these devices. Current advances on CTC mainly fall into two categories, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">physical-layer CTC</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">packet-level energy modulation</i> (PLEM). The <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">physical-layer CTC</i> achieves a high CTC data rate, but with channel incompatible to commercial devices, making it hard to be deployed in current wireless networks. PLEM is channel and physical layer compatible, but with two main drawbacks of the low CTC data rate and MAC incompatibility, which will induce severe interference to the other devices’ normal data transmissions. In this paper, we propose symbol-level energy modulation (SLEM), the first CTC method that is fully compatible with current devices in both channel and the physical/MAC layer processes, having the ability to be deployed in commercial wireless networks smoothly. SLEM inserts extra bits to WiFi data bits to generate the transmitting bits, so as to adjust the energy levels of WiFi symbols to deliver CTC information. We make theoretical analysis to figure out the performance of both CTC and WiFi transmissions. We also conduct experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of SLEM and its performance under different network situations.