Symbol Research Articles

Unboundedness theorems for symbols adapted to large subspaces

For every integer $n \geq 3$, we prove that the n-sublinear generalization of the Bi-Carleson operator of Muscalu, Tao, and Thiele given by nC^{\vec{\alpha}} :(f_1,..., f_n) \mapsto \sup_{M} \left| \int_{\vec{\xi} \cdot \vec{\alpha} >0, \xi_n < M} \left[\prod_{j=1}^n \hat{f}_j(\xi_j) e^{2 \pi i x \xi_j }\right]d\vec{\xi} ~\right|satisfies no $L^p$ estimates provided $\vec{\alpha} \in \mathbb{Q}^n$ with distinct, non-zero entries. Furthermore, if $n \geq 5$ and $\vec{\alpha} \in \mathbb{Q}^n$ has distinct, non-zero entries, it is shown that there is a symbol $m:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ adapted to the hyperplane $\Gamma^{\vec{a}}=\left\{ \vec{\xi} \in \mathbb{R}^n: \sum_{j=1}^n \xi_j \cdot a_j =0 \right\} $ and supported in $\left\{ \vec{\xi} : dist(\vec{\xi}, \Gamma^{\vec{\alpha}}) \lesssim 1 \right\}$ for which the associated $n$-linear multiplier also satisfies no $L^p$ estimates. Next, we construct a Hormander-Marcinkiewicz symbol $\Pi: \mathbb{R}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$, which is a paraproduct of $(\phi, \psi)$ type, such that the trilinear operator $T_m$ whose symbol $m$ is $ sgn(\xi_1 + \xi_2) \Pi(\xi_2, \xi_3)$ satisfies no $L^p$ estimates. Finally, we state a converse to a theorem of Muscalu, Tao, and Thiele using Riesz kernels in the spirit of Muscalu's recent work: for every pair of integers $(\mathfrak{d},n) $ s.t. $ \frac{n}{2}+\frac{3}{2} \leq \mathfrak{d}<n$ there is an explicit collection $\mathfrak{C}$ of uncountably many $\mathfrak{d}$-dimensional non-degenerate subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^n$ such that for each $\Gamma \in \mathcal{C}$ there is an associated symbol $m_\Gamma$ adapted to $\Gamma$ in the Mikhlin-Hormander sense and supported in $\left\{ \vec{\xi} : dist(\vec{\xi}, \Gamma) \lesssim 1 \right\}$ for which the associated multilinear multiplier $T_{m_\Gamma}$ is unbounded.

WELCOME TO LESVOS! Incontri di confine tra locali, turisti e migranti nelle isole dell’Egeo settentrionale

The Mediterranean has historically been crossed by multiple forms of mobility, which have contributed to shaping its identity and specificity as a cultural, social, economic and political area. In our contemporaneity, tourism and migration have emerged as emblematic forms of the transformations produced by the interconnected impact of local and global forces. My contribution, grounded in anthropological theory and based on ethnographic fieldwork, focuses on the case of the North Aegean islands and in particular on Lesvos, which has become a symbol of the tensions between securitization and humanitarianism in the management of migration in the Mediterranean. Starting with a critical reflection on the concepts of hospitality and border, the article analyses the different dimensions of the encounter between the inhabitants of Lesvos, the migrants who reach the island by sea and the tourists who go there for their vacations. Such encounters are marked by highly structured, politicized “gazes” capable of building categories and hierarchies that make the different people who move around the island mutually (in)visible. However, Lesvos also offers interesting examples of practices that transgress and overcome such “boundaries of invisibility”, showing how the categories of host and guest are actually more ambiguous and fluid than what is represented by the dominant public and political discourse. Focusing on a series of “transformative encounters” between locals, tourists and migrants, the article argues for the importance of critically discussing those experiences of interchange, sharing and conviviality that seem to indicate a common aspiration to live together “through differences”.

Алхимическая символика как инструментарий психоаналитического описания в повести Н. Кононова «Источник увечий»

Алхимическая символика как инструментарий психоаналитического описания в повести Н. Кононова «Источник увечий»

칼 맑스 선언문과 폐정 개혁문의 모달리떼와 그 상징성

칼 맑스 선언문과 폐정 개혁문의 모달리떼와 그 상징성

Review of Building Access: Universal Design and the Politics of Disability and Designing Disability: Symbols, Space, and Society

No abstract available.

The Murderers of Kotys the Thracian

AbstractIn 360/359 BC, Kotys, king of the Odrysian Thracians, was killed by two brothers of Ainos. Confusion, however, soon arose around their identity. The aim of this article is to reconstruct and analyze the various traditions that spread in Antiquity about their identification. Demosthenes was the first to call the murderers Python and Herakleides of Ainos. His version of the facts was later followed by Philodemos, Plutarchos, and Philostratos. Aristoteles, however, called them Πύρρων (or Πάρρων) and Herakleides of Ainos. Diokles of Magnesia, probably following the same tradition as Aristoteles, confused Pyrrhon of Ainos with Pyrrhon of Elis. Similarly, Demetrios of Magnesia confused Herakleides of Ainos with Herakleides Pontikos. Finally, the figures of Kotys, Herakleides, and Python were perhaps reused by the author of the spurious Letters of Chion of Herakleia and recontextualized as symbols of the conflict between philosophy and tyranny.

Du côté des marginaux: le personnage d’Ahmed dans La tour de la Défense (1978) de Copi

espanolCopi, escritor, dramaturgo y dibujante argentino se instala en Paris en 1962 hasta su muerte en 1987. La experiencia del exilio y la errancia marca la trayectoria personal y creativa de este artista intercultural. En efecto, toda una serie de personajes vulnerables y marginales pululan en su universo particular y subversivo. En ese espacio de los excluidos, la figura del inmigrante magrebi en Francia, encarnado en el personaje de Ahmed, adquiere toda su significacion. En este trabajo intentaremos analizar el valor simbolico de Ahmed, heredero del pasado colonial marcado por el rechazo, que aparece en el teatro de Copi, concretamente en La tour de la Defense (1978). La imagen de Ahmed traza una linea invisible y simbolica que separa las dos costas del Mediterraneo: los magrebies y los franceses. Esta dicotomia deja traslucir un mundo de sentimientos opuestos y ambivalentes de deseo y odio, amor y violencia, felicidad y desgracias donde el autor se posicionara siempre del lado de los oprimidos. ?Sera Ahmed el simbolo de la libertad y la tolerancia, la personificacion de los verdaderos valores solidarios olvidados por la sociedad francesa? EnglishCopi, writer, playwright and draughtsman Argentino settles in Paris in 1962 until his death in 1987. The experience of exile and wandering marks the personal and creative trajectory of this intercultural artist. Indeed, a whole series of vulnerable and marginal characters swarm in their particular universe and subvesivo. In this space of the excluded, the figure of the immigrant Maghreb in France, embodied in the character of Ahmed, acquires all its significance. In this work we will try to analyse the symbolic value of Ahmed, heir to the colonial past marked by rejection, which appears in the Teatro de Copi, specifically in La Defense Tour (1978). Ahmed’s image traces an invisible and symbolic line that separates the two shores of the Mediterranean: the Maghrebi and the French. This dichotomy leaves behind a world of opposite and ambivalent feelings of desire and hatred, love and violence, happiness and misfortunes where the author always Posisionara on the side of the oppressed. Will Ahmed be the symbol of freedom and tolerance, the embodiment of the true solidarity values forgotten by the French society?

A la publicidad le llega la “inspiración divina”

El artículo analiza la aplicación de símbolos religiosos católicos en la publicidad de vestuario, con el objeto de investigar el poder de persuasión que poseen en la construcción de mensajes publicitarios. La función de la publicidad es impactar con símbolos y no únicamente religiosos; la simbología es un recurso fuerte que utiliza la comunicación publicitaria para poder lograr esos impactos que deben estar muy referenciados en la cultura. La pregunta para enfocar la investigación es: ¿Qué motiva al publicitario usar símbolos religiosos católicos aplicados a la comunicación de campañas de marcas de vestuario de diseñador? El empleo de la metodología ha sido desde la observación del entorno como trabajo de campo y entrevistas a profundidad, teniendo como resultado que en mayor medida las marcas europeas son las que utilizan esta tendencia, lo que para muchas personas es parte del paisaje publicitario y para otras es un impacto; el uso puede atribuirse a que buscan técnicas de marketing con el fin de generar expectación, recordación y polémica mediante el rechazo de algunas sociedades. La relevancia del tema aporta a la publicidad otros campos de investigación en los que intervienen lo icónico, la semiología, la retórica y la persuasión de mensajes relacionados con la religión católica. Las marcas deben estar constantemente explorando tendencias de comunicación porque la publicidad es un oficio que ha encontrado el poder de mover pensamientos, crear conciencia y hacer llamados de atención.

Complex network analysis of climate change in the Tarim River Basin, Northwest China

The complex network theory provides an approach for understanding the complexity of climate change from a new perspective. In this study, we used the coarse graining process to convert the data series of daily mean temperature and daily precipitation from 1961 to 2011 into symbol sequences consisting of five characteristic symbols ( i.e. , R , r , e , d and D ), and created the temperature fluctuation network (TFN) and precipitation fluctuation network (PFN) to discover the complex network characteristics of climate change in the Tarim River Basin of Northwest China. The results show that TFN and PEN both present characteristics of scale-free network and small-world network with short average path length and high clustering coefficient. The nodes with high degree in TFN are RRR , dRR and ReR while the nodes with high degree in PFN are rre , rrr , eee and err , which indicates that climate change modes represented by these nodes have large probability of occurrence. Symbol R and r are mostly included in the important nodes of TFN and PFN, which indicate that the fluctuating variation in temperature and precipitation in the Tarim River Basin mainly are rising over the past 50 years. The nodes RRR , DDD , ReR , RRd , DDd and Ree are the hub nodes in TFN, which undertake 19.71% betweenness centrality of the network. The nodes rre , rrr , eee and err are the hub nodes in PFN, which undertake 13.64% betweenness centrality of the network.

Sengupta, A. (2017): Symbols and the image of the state in Eurasia

Sengupta, A. (2017): Symbols and the image of the state in Eurasia

Moraine-dammed glacial lake changes during the recent 40 years in the Poiqu River Basin, Himalayas

Glacier retreat is not only a symbol of temperature and precipitation change, but a dominating factor of glacial lake changes in alpine regions, which are of wide concern for high risk of potential outburst floods. Of all types of glacial lakes, moraine-dammed lakes may be the most dangerous to local residents in mountain regions. Thus, we monitored the dynamics of 12 moraine-dammed glacial lakes from 1974 to 2014 in the Poiqu River Basin of central west Himalayas, as well as their associated glaciers with a combination of remote sensing, topographic maps and digital elevation models(DEMs). Our results indicate that all monitored moraine-dammed glacial lakes have expanded by 7.46 km2 in total while the glaciers retreated by a total of 15.29 km2 correspondingly. Meteorological analysis indicates a warming and drying trend in the Nyalam region from 1974 to 2014, which accelerated glacier retreat and then augmented the supply of moraine-dammed glacial lakes from glacier melt. Lake volume and water depth changed from 1974 to 2014 which indicates that lakes Kangxico, Galongco, and Youmojanco have a high potential for outburst floods and in urgent need for continuous monitoring or artificial excavation to release water due to the quick increase in water depths and storage capacities. Lakes Jialongco and Cirenmaco, with outburst floods in 1981 and 2002, have a high potential risk for outburst floods because of rapid lake growth and steep slope gradients surrounding them.

“The Little O": Signifying Nothing in Shakespeare”

Abstract – This chapter analyses some of the ways in which the crucial concept of Nothingness weaves its way throughout Shakespeare’s work, and those in which the various meanings of the word “nothing” are systematically investigated and set off against one another. The tragedies Hamlet and King Lear come in for especially close attention, although a number of other Shakespearean works are also considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the idea that something might arise out of nothing, and on the implications for Shakespeare’s writing of the new mathematics based on the symbol zero that had been introduced relatively recently into England. The opposition between Being and Nothingness – or more precisely between the different ways these can be conceived in relation to one another – is in a number of plays subject to processes of poetic negotiation as Shakespeare illustrates the various ways in which things can issue from nothing even as they inexorably return to nothing. “Nothing” becomes a profoundly paradoxical concept in Shakespeare’s drama, as it is shown to possess aspects that are potentially generative – though not necessarily in a positive sense – as well as destructive.

Da Shylock alla ‘génération beure’ alla ‘culture banlieue’. Identità lacerate, emarginazione e incomunicabilità tra conflitti e cliché

Abstract – The main antagonist of the play The Merchant of Venice , Shylock is one of Shakespeare’s most famous yet controversial characters, an incarnation of the stereotype of the zealous, cruel Jew while at the same time being a tragic outsider figure who is censured by society. From this perspective, Shylock embodies the paradigm of otherness, the foreign immigrant, someone ‘different’ who provokes fear and distrust. The phenomenon of migration has greatly impacted the French context, the latter being our object of interest in this paper. It is here that, in the 1980s, the ‘Beur generation’ gained national visibility. The word beur denominates a generation of young people, the children of North African immigrants, who were born or raised in France but do not feel deeply French. They claim a space for themselves, enjoying citizenship rights, yet without renouncing their own specificities. Their torn identities are expressed in ‘Beur literature’, which focuses on these individuals condemned to a state of inclusion/exclusion, a permanent ‘in-between’ status. Writing represents a literary, political and identity act, an authentic account as well as a denunciation of the problematic issues of exile, discrimination and difficulties of adaptation. During the ’90s, the notion of ‘Beur culture’ gave way to ‘suburban culture’ ( culture banlieue ), an expression used to label unfavorable, borderline groups excluded from the center of the city and attributed insulting, discriminatory nicknames. In summary, even more than 400 years later, Shylock can be considered a modern-day character and a symbol of human beings with all their conflicts and complexities. By conveying themes of incommunicability, marginalization and racism, Shakespeare’s plays maintain their universality even in present times, where the detrimental rhetoric of “us against them” may still prevail, and where demonizing or directing hate towards groups of people considered inferior or less human than others continues to exist.

Southern Symbols: Not in Memoriam, but (Once Again) in Defense

Southern Symbols: Not in Memoriam, but (Once Again) in Defense

Modes of neutrality in the ECtHR jurisprudence related to religious matters: some critical remarks

SUMMARY: 1. Introduction - 2. The meaning of State neutrality: some conceptual clarifications - 3. State’s neutrality vis-a-vis religious organizations: neutrality as absence of interference - 4. State’s neutrality vis-a-vis public education: neutrality as objectivity - 5. State neutrality vis-a-vis religious symbols in the public sphere: neutrality as exclusion of religion - 6. ‘Reversed’ patters of neutrality: the disruptive effect of Lautsi v. Italy - 7. Concluding remarks: decoding the patterns of State neutrality in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR. ABSTRACT: This contribution discusses the notion of State neutrality in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. State neutrality has become increasingly relevant in the rulings of the ECtHR concerning religious freedom, with the Court explicitly resorting to the idea that States should act as neutral and impartial organizers of religious life within their community. Yet, the conception of State neutrality developed by the Court is inconsistent and often gives rise to criticism. By exploring the Court’s main jurisprudence in the context of religious disputes, religious education in public education, and the display of religious symbols in public spaces, this contribution seeks to disentangle the different understandings of neutrality employed by the Court and to critically engage with them.

Product as A Symbol: Reading its Cypher Script

Product as A Symbol: Reading its Cypher Script

Statistical analysis of Production Efficiency on the Strawberry Farms Using Smart Farming

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the management performance and production efficiency of strawberry farmers who introduced smart farming, one of the primary symbols of the fourth industrial revolution in the agricultural sector. Methods: We conducted an empirical survey of strawberry farms using ...

English

English

Symbols and Paradoxes in Tragicomedy of Mykola Kulish “The National Malahii”

Symbols and Paradoxes in Tragicomedy of Mykola Kulish “The National Malahii”

Символ и символизм в творчестве К. Ф. Жакова

Символ и символизм в творчестве К. Ф. Жакова