Syllables Research Articles

한국어 폐음절의 모음 지속시간 : 일본어 폐음절에 대한 선행연구와의 비교

한국어 폐음절의 모음 지속시간 : 일본어 폐음절에 대한 선행연구와의 비교

Orkes Puisi Sampak Gusuran : the Creativity of Processing and Symbolic Meanings in Action of Art for the Art Consumer Community

This research raises the problem about an art group located in Pati Central Java named Orkes Puisi Sampak Gusuran. The group has created the art of musical poetry. The purpose of this study was to obtain a picture of the form of creativity and symbolic meaning of the work of the Orkes Puisi Sampak Gusuran for the society of art consumer. This research used qualitative method and used an interdisciplinary approach to find out the symbolic meaning, using symbolic interaction theory. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and document studies. The results of this study indicate that; 1)there are poetry reading techniques must be maintained in order to maintain the meaning of the deepest meaning of a poetry to be away from melodic readings such as language in a songs, although the music as a companion is still presented as a builder of nuance 2)the syllable of poetry can be widened or narrow to adjust to music without reducing the essence of his poetry. From the mixing of instruments, musical genres and mixed arrangements, a new musical arrangement is created that is sometimes undetectable in its genre. This is where the originality the work of Orkes Puisi Sampak Gusuran, where the arrangement sounded flowing, following the atmosphere of poetry, strengthen it into music that is different from others but still strong as a music or as a poetry. Meanwhile the symbolic meaning that can be concluded is: 1)works of poetry Orkes Puisi Sampak Gusuran symbolize life that occurred in society and also a relation to God 2)the use of traditional instruments is a relationship with the ancestors who remain woven in the present.

Pap Reader and Melodic Based Communication Therapy (M.B.C.T.) Syllable Drilling

Pap Reader and Melodic Based Communication Therapy (M.B.C.T.) Syllable Drilling

Cortical Anarthria in An Arabic Speaking Unilingual: A Case Report

A 59-year-old, Arabic, right handed female with history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease presented with sudden onset anarthria associated with right arm weakness. Language examination showed Anarthira with inability to produce more than rare unintelligible single syllables. Comprehension was intact. She correctly wrote but could not verbalize object names nor read aloud. She wrote easily but made spelling mistakes with long sentences. Motor exam only revealed slight hyper-reflexia and weakness of right upper extremity. Imaging showed a lesion in the left corona radiata and bilateral subcortical white matter hyper intensities. She was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and received routine antithrombotic treatment. Within two days, she started producing single words, with slow, effortful and abnormal long vowels. This report describes the clinical and radiological aspects of a case of cortical anarthria in an Arabic-speaking subject.

다음절어 성조연쇄 패턴 빈도를 활용한 중국어 성조 지도 재료 선정 방안 연구

다음절어 성조연쇄 패턴 빈도를 활용한 중국어 성조 지도 재료 선정 방안 연구

중한사전 쌍음절형용사 사동 용법의 기술에 관한 연구

중한사전 쌍음절형용사 사동 용법의 기술에 관한 연구

Escritura en Niños de Bajos Recursos: Aspectos psicolingüísticos

En el presente estudio se determinó las características de la escritura en niños de 8 – 10 años de edad cronológica, a través de la aplicación de la Evaluación de los procesos escritores PROESC. Se utilizó una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal en la que se partió de la recolección de datos y la categorización de las manifestaciones presentadas por los sujetos de la investigación.Se toma como muestra una población de 30 sujetos de estrato socioeconómico 1, que cursan de tercero a quinto de primaria y que no presentan una patología neurolingüística, ni dificultad motora.En los resultados se registra dentro de la caracterización que existe el manejo de la conversión fonema grafema, la descomposición de silabas, realizan diferenciación de la letra, silaba, palabra y frase, a su vez se evidencia escaza fluidez de ideas, el manejo inadecuado de la construcción sintáctica y omisión de palabras funcionales.Las prácticas pedagógicas que se desarrollan en los centros educativos deben establecer un propósito que permita la preparación del niño para el aprendizaje de la escritura; este debe estar encaminado hacia el desarrollo de los procesos neurológicos, neuropsicológicos y psicolingüísticos que permitirán el adecuado desempeño escolar.

Automatic Syllabification Rules for Manipuri Language

This paper presents a rule-based automatic syllabification for Manipuri Language. Syllabification is the process of separation or identification or extraction of syllables in a word or in a sentence. Most of the syllabification tasks are done manually. The syllabification rules differ from one language to another as different languages have different syllable structures. Syllabification is the backbone of tasks like text-to-speech (TTS) conversion system, speech synthesizer, speech recognition, transliteration system etc. In this paper, we proposed an efficient algorithm for automatic syllabification of Manipuri Language based on syllable rule structure. The algorithm is evaluated on Manipuri words obtained from different sources like text-books, newspapers etc. The algorithm's result achieved 99.8% accuracy as compared to manual syllabification. Keywords: Manipuri Language, phoneme, syllable, syllabification, monophthongs, diphthongs, text-to-speech

A Moraically-Based Model of the Syllable in Bechar Arabic

Unlike the phonological analyses that characterize syllables in terms of onsets and rhymes, a moraically-oriented approach counts the number of beats or timing units (moras) present within the syllable. This counting ability makes this model superior to previous ones as it has the power to scan and relate the elements immediately dominated by the moras [1], [2], [3]. Taking into account extra prosodic syllables, a monomoraic syllable is light whereas a bimoraic syllable is heavy. In other words, open, short-vowelled syllables are monomoraic (σμ) or light, whereas closed and long-vowelled syllables are bimoraic (σμμ) or heavy. The current study shows the importance of adopting a moraic model of the syllable to describe and explain morpho-phonological processes. More specifically, it demonstrates that the incorporation of the mora as an essential constituent of the syllable can account for phonological phenomena in Bechar Arabic (BA), namely 'the Lengthening and Shortening of vowels in a specific morphological context.' We argue that the inclusion of the mora as a syllabic component simplifies the description and the explanation of prosodic phenomena of Bechar Arabic.

Speech Errors as a Window on Language and Thought: A Cognitive Science Perspective

We are so used to speaking in our native language that we take this ability for granted. We think that speaking is easy and thinking is hard. From the perspective of cognitive science, this view is wrong. Utterances are complex things, and generating them is an act of linguistic creativity, in the face of the computational complexity of the task. On occasion, utterance generation goes awry and the speaker’s output is different from the planned utterance, such as a speaker who says “Fancy getting your model renosed!” when “fancy getting your nose remodeled” was intended. With some notable exceptions (e.g. Fromkin 1971) linguists have not taken speech error data to be informative about speakers’ linguistic knowledge or mental grammars. The paper strives to put language production errors back onto the linguistic data map. If errors involve units such as phonemes, syllables, morphemes and phrases, which may be exchanged, moved around or stranded during spoken production, this shows that they are both representational and processing units. If similar units are converged upon via multiple methods (e.g. native speaker judgments, language corpora, speech error corpora, psycholinguistic experiments) those units have stronger empirical support. All other things being equal, theories of language that can account for both representation and processing are to be preferred.

A study of phonological characteristics in phonemic frequencies on the basis of Korean syllable structure by the variation across Generation and Gender

이 연구의 목적은 를 대상으로 음절구조를 중심으로 한국의 세대별, 성별 소리 빈도를 분석하는 것이다. 의 구어자료를 토대로 음절을 초성, 중성, 종성으로 구분하여 어떤 소리가 어느 정도 사용되었는지 우선 순위를 조사하고 확인하여 세대별로 어떤 공통점과 차이점이 있는지를 분석해 보려는 것이다. 이를 위해서 의 모든 구어자료가 분석된다. 이처럼 소리를 초성, 중성, 종성으로 나누어 분석하는 것은 언어생활의 패턴을 파악하는 하나의 방법이기 때문이다. 한국인의 언어생활 중 음운론적 특성을 좀 더 다양한 각도에서 종합적으로 분석하려고 하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 를 대상으로 삼은 이유는 생생한 구어자료를 담고 있다고 판단했고, 구어자료에 대한 연구가 최근에 가장 활발히 일어나고 있기 때문이다. 그래서 언어학적으로 소리의 빈도를 잘 분석한다면 현대 한국인들의 발음 경향을 명확하게 파악할 수 있다고 생각했다. 이 연구에서는 모든 구어자료를 10대부터 40대까지 세대별로 분류하여 남녀 순으로 분석하였다. 이러한 분석이 정확하게 이루어졌기 때문에 기존의 연구에서 찾을 수 없었던 한국인의 발음패턴을 찾을 수 있었다. 그 분석 결과를 하나의 음절로 나타낸다면 그것은 `간`이라고 할 수 있다. 초성에서는 `ㄱ`을, 중성에서는 `ㅏ`를, 종성에서는 `ㄴ`을 가장 많이 사용했기 때문이다. 이 음절이야말로 가장 한국인이 많이 사용한 것이라고 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 한편 초성에서는 조음위치에 따른 분류에서 `치경음>연구개음>순음>구개음>후음`의 순서를 보였는데, 20대 남성과 30대 남성, 여성의 경우만 `치경음>연구개음>구개음>순음>후음`의 순서를 확인하였다. 중성에서는 총 음절 수를 기준으로 볼 때, 남성의 경우는 10대에서 30대까지 꾸준한 증가를 보이다가, 40대에 감소를 하였다. 반면에 여성의 경우는 10대부터 40대까지 꾸준한 증가를 보였다. 또한 중요한 점은 여성보다 남성이 훨씬 발화 수가 많다는 점이다. 일반적으로 보통 여성이 남성보다 말이 많다고 예상해 왔는데, 이번 조사의 결과는 그 반대의 모습을 보여준 것이다. 그밖에 혀의 높낮이에 따라 모음을 분류하면 대체적으로 10대를 제외한 남성은 `고모음>중모음>저모음`의 순서를, 40대를 제외한 여성은 `중모음>고모음>저모음`의 순서를 보였다. 초성과 중성의 분석을 종합하면 남성의 경우는 40대가 언어의 사용에서 새로운 변화를 보이는 결정적 시기라고 판단할 근거를 제공했다고 할 수 있다. 종성에서는 세대별, 성별 특성이 발견되지 않았고, 모두 종성에서는 `ㄴ`을 가장 많이 선택했다는 것을 확인했다.

Sen, Ranjan: Syllable and Segment in Latin

Sen, Ranjan: Syllable and Segment in Latin

Optimality-theoretic approach to the syllable in Lardil

Celem opisanych w artykule badan jest analiza sylaby w jezyku lardil, uzywanym przez mieszkancow polnocnej Australii, aby wykazac, jak wygląda struktura mozliwych zbitek spolgloskowych, jak rowniez minimalne slowo w tym jezyku. Dane poddane analizie pochodzą ze slownika jezyka lardil przygotowanego przez Kena Hale. Metodologia badan zostala oparta o teorie optymalności, ktora poprzez zastosowanie rankingu ograniczen wyjaśnia szereg procesow fonologicznych, ktore mają miejsce w jezyku. Procesy, ktore są analizowane w artykule to, m.in., tworzenie slow posiadających dwie mory lub redukcja takich spolglosek w wyglosie sylaby, ktore nie spelniają zasad fonotaktyki jezyka lardil. Wyniki badan pokazują, ze teoria optymalności nie zawsze w sposob adekwatny wyjaśnia dzialanie procesow fonologicznych w jezyku lardil. W badaniu napotkano zjawiska fonologiczne, ktore w wyniku analizy z zastosowaniem teorii optymalności, nie uzyskują jednoznacznej odpowiedzi jeśli chodzi o tzw. “kandydatow wygrywających”. W kilku przypadkach zastosowana teoria udowadniala, ze w jezyku lardil obowiązującą realizacje fonologiczną stanowi “kandydat”, ktory jest niezgodny z formą stosowaną przez rodzimych uzytkownikow tego jezyka. W innych przypadkach zaobserwowano, ze teoria optymalności wskazuje na dwie przeciwstawne formy, ktore powinny obowiązywac w tym jezyku, podczas gdy rodzimi uzytkownicy jezyka (w oparciu o slownik jezyka lardil) stosują tylko jedną z tych realizacji fonologicznych. Wniosek z przeprowadzanego badania sklania do dalszych prac nad teorią optymalności polegającą na rozbudowie i/lub modyfikacji jej fundamentalnych zasad tak, aby mogla miec zastosowanie do analizy szerszej liczby jezykow świata.

Translating Korean Negation: Based on the Lexically Layered Model

This study explores the hierarchy of negative prefixes in English and Korean. English prefixes could be divided into class Ⅰ affixes and class Ⅱ affixes. Korean short-form negation has five limitations of prefixes, and Korean short-form negation has broader productivity, precedes negative prefixes, works in post-lexical boundary, and has word boundary. However, Korean negative prefixes have few applications and cannot transgress short-form negation, work in lexical boundary, and has syllable boundary. We could consider Korean short-form negation as a class Ⅱ affixes and Korean negative prefixes as a class Ⅰ affix. We also could apply this hierarchy to Korean-English translation&interpretation. With regards to long-form negation working in sentence boundary as class Ⅲ negation, the model matches each language’s negation to other language’s negation. If there are no appropriate expressions in one category, we move to a higher boundary. However, in spoken text, we return to class Ⅱ affixes when translating English to Korean because short-form negations are used more commonly in spoken text than long-form negations.

The Algorithm of Semi-automatic Thai Spoonerism Words for Tri-syllable

The Algorithm of Semi-automatic Thai Spoonerism Words for Tri-syllable

The Feature of Sino‒Koreans of Two Syllables Appeared in Eojesokjaseongpyeon(Translation)

The Feature of Sino‒Koreans of Two Syllables Appeared in Eojesokjaseongpyeon(Translation)

Song Characteristics of Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus and Himalayan Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus and Implications for Distribution and Taxonomy.

Canwei Xia, Wei Liang, Geoff J. Carey, and Yanyun Zhang (2016) Song features during the breeding season are important in identifying species of cuckoos. Whether Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus and Himalayan Cuckoo C. saturatus inhabiting the Palearctic and Oriental realms respectively can be distinguished according to song characteristics is uncertain. In this study, we performed a thorough investigation of the song characteristics of these taxa by collecting and analyzing recordings of song in their distribution areas. We found that songs could be divided into two groups based on the number of notes per syllable, and significant differences in other frequency and temporal features were also found between these two groups. The group with a song comprising two notes per syllable was shown to breed in Russia, Japan and China including Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Taiwan, while the group with a song containing more than two notes per syllable was found to breed in the Himalayas and central China, extending northeast through north China as far as northeast Hebei, and south to southwest China. The distribution of these two groups was broadly related to the published distribution of populations of optatus and saturatus, respectively. Our data supported the separation of optatus and saturatus based on their song features, and also suggested refinements to the distribution of these two taxa, as follows: birds in north mainland China are saturatus, and those in Taiwan Island are optatus.

PERCEPTION OF ENGLISH LEXICAL STRESS WITH A MARKED PITCH ACCENT BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF MANDARIN

Three perceptual experiments were conducted to investigate the perception of English lexical stress with a marked nuclear pitch accent by native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin at the phonological and phonetic levels of processing. The stimuli were English disyllabic word pairs differing only in the position of the stress and in the morphosyntactic categories (e.g., PERmit (n.) vs. perMIT (v.)), presented for identification or discrimination. The general finding is that Mandarin-speaking learners of English performed in a native-like manner in the unmarked pitch accent context but not in the marked one. Further examination of their performance in the latter context revealed that while experienced learners failed to match the stress patterns with their morphosyntactic categories in the identification task, they could categorize them in the ABX task, which suggests that they were not phonologically deaf to stress. In contrast, inexperienced learners could not do the same, presumably deaf to stress at the phonological level. Yet, their sensitivity to both within- and across-category stress differences in the AX task indicates that they did not experience stress deafness at the phonetic level.

Morphologically assigned accent and an initial three syllable window in Ese’eja

Author(s): Rolle, Nicholas; Vuillermet, Marine | Abstract: Morphologically assigned accent and an initial three syllable window in Ese’eja

Analysis of japanese pitch accent in L1 and L2 speech

This study examines pitch patterns in Japanese speech produced by native speakers and Taiwan Mandarin speakers learning Japanese at the beginning level. It aims to provide detailed characteristics of pitch patterns at both word and sentence levels, and to discern common pitch errors in Mandarin speakers’ pronunciations. Mandarin speakers had more difficulty with pronunciation of words consisting of all light syllables than with words containing a heavy syllable, and a steep pitch drop all the way through the words was commonly observed. More importantly, the learners seemed unaware of the difference between accented rising pitch followed by a low pitch and accent-less rising pitch followed by a high pitch. This suggests that even though they know how to correctly pronounce words, they need to know accurate pronunciations at phrase level.