Autoimmune movement disorders (AMD) are increasingly recognized and include a wide spectrum of hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, sleep related and ataxic presentations. These range from chorea, tics, dystonic jerks, myoclonus, and neuromyotonia to hypo and akinetic rigid syndromes. The latter varieties encompass parkinsonism, stiff person syndrome (SPS) and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM). Ataxic syndromes include episodic ataxia associated with CASPR2 and post Herpes zoster cerebellitis and other rare paraneoplastic syndromes. The AMD have a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes which are increasingly being recognized. They may present as an isolated movement disorder or as part of a wider clinical syndrome usually with encephalitic illnesses. They may follow infections, parainfectious, as in Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Sydenham chorea, or associate with an underlying occult malignancy (Leucine rich Glioma1 inactivated, Voltage Gated Potassium Channel Antibodies) associated Limbic encephalitis with brachio facial dystonic jerks and seizures linked with ovarian and testicular teratomas. In many instances no underlying cause is found, and ongoing research is revealing new markers and aetiologies for what was labelled idiopathic in the past. The autoimmune basis of these disorders is shown by the presence of antibodies or specific groups of CD8 cytotoxic cells mostly detected in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid and other tissues. Furthermore, their response to immunotherapies supports this notion and are the mainstay of current treatments. The latter include corticosteroids, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE, PLEX), target specific biologicals (specific monoclonal antibodies mostly against B cells markers such as Ritixumab, anti CD20). Symptomatic therapies for the movement themselves and the associated presentation such as seizures, sleep and mood disturbances. The target antigens are diverse as mentioned above. They usually present subacutely and may deteriorate rapidly or follow a relapsing remitting course. Early positive recognition of these disorders is crucial as they are potentially treatable and in some case curable. This will avoid or reduce morbidity and improve long term outcomes.