SWRL Rules Research Articles

Dynamic Execution of a Business Process via Web Service Selection and Orchestration

Dynamic execution of a business process requires the selection and composition of multiple existing services regardless of their locations, platforms, execution speeds, etc. Thus web service selection appears as a challenging and elusive task especially when the service task has to be executed based on user requirements at the runtime. This paper presents our Semantic-Based Business Process Execution Engine (SBPEE) for the dynamic execution of business processes by the orchestration of various exposed web services. SBPEE is based on our designed Project Domain Ontology (PrjOnt) that captures user specifications and SWRL rules which classify the user specification into a specific category according to the business logic and requirements of an enterprise. Based on this classification of the user project and requirements, our semantic engine selects web services from the service repository for the dynamic execution of a business process. SBPEE matches functional requirements of a web service and required QoS attributes to identify the list of pertinent candidate services to fulfil the complex business process transactions. Finally, we present our case study on Create Order business process that aims at creating an order for the customer by following various web services for its task completion.

An Ontological and Semantic Approach for the Construction Risk Inferring and Application

Construction risk and safety management is a knowledge-intensive task. In addition to the construction risk knowledge itself, construction process knowledge is also important to the construction safety, since the different construction objects and processes selection often imply different potential risks may occur. However, most of construction risk management systems only focused on the construction risk knowledge itself. The process management and risk management usually are handled separately. In this paper, we explore to combine the construction process knowledge reuse methodology with the ontological modeling and semantic inferring approach to facilitate considering the risk issue during construction process reuse to directly improve the construction risk and safety management level. A meta ontology model is proposed to integrate risk knowledge domain with the risk monitor object domain. The meta model can be instantiated with the domain specific terms and relations and finally results into the specific domain model for specific application. The domain risk model for the deep foundation pit excavation using support systemcontiguous bored pile retaining wall system is shown as an illustrative example, in which the construction risk path knowledge is extracted via Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). In order to represent the construction risk knowledge in a computer-interpretable and semantically inferable way, the semantic web technique is used to represent the knowledge into OWL axioms and SWRL rules. Finally, based on the ontological model, the semantic inferring and application mechanism of construction risk knowledge are discussed and illustrated in the Protg platform. The proposed approach enables the construction risk knowledge to be presented in a computer-interpretable and semantically inferable way. The risk-oriented ontology model can be used as the basic structure of knowledge-based risk management system.

Reasoning on Hybrid Ontology Using Extended SWRL Rules

In this paper we present the principal steps to create a semantic rule which integrates Object Oriented Techniques to the comportment of the concepts. The set of rules obtained from the extension of SWRL rules will be posted to Jess Engine using rewrite meta-rules. The reasoning on this combination allows inferring new knowledge and stores it in the knowledge base. We propose an implementation of the method of extending SWRL rules with the adaptation of the different Object Oriented Tech- niques. The engine executes the transformation of these techniques to the Jess model. Our demonstration clarifies the importance of this kind of reasoning. We use a case study inherent to interpret a check up in preventive medi- cine.

A Feasibility Study of the Ontology Driven Executable Systems Architecture Framework

The paper presents a framework to manage consistency in the architecture of a large-scale system. The paper highlights the framework with the help of a case study that models academic business processes in higher education institutions. The presented framework improves the communication among different stakeholders and helps the system designer/modeller to eliminate discrepancies in the design phase. It automatically generates a Coloured Petri nets (CPN) (with Guard conditions and arcs inscription) model from OWL ontology (with SWRL rules embedded). The paper highlights the fact that the Guard conditions alone cannot always fulfil the requirements of operational rules mapping. It suggests mapping SWRL rules to arcs inscriptions in the CPN model. The enhanced framework, thus, provides strong support for mapping SWRL rule to Guard conditions as well as to arcs inscriptions. The overall transformation process helps in verifying a user's requirements, specified in SWRL rule, by simulating them in the corresponding automatically generated CPN model.

Towards an Ontology for UML State Machines

Ontology is a conceptual model that is used to represent the concepts in a domain and relationship between the concepts. It can be used for sharing and reuse of knowledge that allows humans and machines to exchange diverse information. UML state machines used to describe the behavior of a software systems. This article aims at to provide a solution for representing UML state machine model as an ontology expressed in OWL. a method proposed is a conceptualization of UML state machine and its operation, in order to check its consistency and its conformity. we chose OWL to represent formally our state machine augmented with SWRL rules to represent the dynamic aspect of the operation system and SPARQL to query our ontology.

Expressing formal rules within ontology-based models using SWRL: an application to the nuclear industry

Ontology-based models propose a new modelling paradigm for the industry. In this study, we explore the maturity of ontology-based models for industrial applications from a special point of view: the execution of business rules. Indeed, expressing and implementing rules nowadays is a crucial issue. We therefore propose an overview of the use of OWL-DL/SWRL approaches in the industry, as well as a critical overview of the execution of SWRL rules on an industrial use case in the nuclear industry.

The regulation constraint modeling and semantic inferring in construction quality checking

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility that an ontological approach can be applied to formalize the construction regulation constraint knowledge in a computer-interpretable way, for construction quality checking, during construction stage. Design/methodology/approach – The ontological and semantic web technologies are used to model the construction quality constraints knowledge into Axioms/OWL and SWRL rules. Protégé platform is selected to illustrate how the construction quality checking, based on the Axioms/OWL and SWRL rules, is achieved. Findings – The ontology and semantic web technologies can be an alternative way for modeling the construction regulation constraints in a computer-interpretable way, and can be implemented for the regulation-based construction quality checking. Research limitations/implications – The approach is illustrated only with given specific technical constraints examples, the generality and practicality of the approach need further investigation. Originality/value – The paper introduces an ontological and semantic approach to model and formalize the construction regulation constraints for construction quality checking, and proves the feasibility by the case studies. The proposed approach enables the regulations can be understood and retrieved semantically by computers, which facilitates the using of regulation codes.

Research on Consistency Verification of Semantic Business Process Model Based on SWRL

At the moment Semantic Business Process Model (SBPM) build on the semantic annotation, the specification of process activity, the control flow between activities and business functions of process. However, the correctness of SBPM is based on technical knowledge and experiences of the model designer, which is apparently not feasible for complex and dynamic business processes. Therefore, the goal of this paper is present a formalization description which was understood by business experts and model designers, establishing a new method to verify the consistency between SBPM and requirement of enterprise. Our techniques are based on the SWRL and Business rule.

Research on Ontology Knowledge Based System of Meteorological and Hydrological Support

According to knowledge sharing&reusing problem and system extensibility&portability problem in meteorological and hydrological support, the knowledge concepts, attributes, instances, hierarchy and relationships were clarified; the ontological knowledge base was established by OWL ontology language and SWRL rule language. With the help of Racer, Protégé, Jess, and class positioning algorithm, class testing algorithm, rule testing algorithm, the meteorological and hydrological support prototype system was implemented by Eclipse, ProtegeInEclipse plug-in and Jena. The system includes the server, the client and the processing controller. It provides artificial intelligence techniques means for knowledge maintenance and usage in meteorological and hydrological field.

The iOSC3 System: Using Ontologies and SWRL Rules for Intelligent Supervision and Care of Patients with Acute Cardiac Disorders

Physicians in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are specially trained to deal constantly with very large and complex quantities of clinical data and make quick decisions as they face complications. However, the amount of information generated and the way the data are presented may overload the cognitive skills of even experienced professionals and lead to inaccurate or erroneous actions that put patients' lives at risk. In this paper, we present the design, development, and validation of iOSC3, an ontology-based system for intelligent supervision and treatment of critical patients with acute cardiac disorders. The system analyzes the patient's condition and provides a recommendation about the treatment that should be administered to achieve the fastest possible recovery. If the recommendation is accepted by the doctor, the system automatically modifies the quantity of drugs that are being delivered to the patient. The knowledge base is constituted by an OWL ontology and a set of SWRL rules that represent the expert's knowledge. iOSC3 has been developed in collaboration with experts from the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) of the Meixoeiro Hospital, one of the most significant hospitals in the northwest region of Spain.

How to accelerate the process of designing domain ontologies based on XML schemas

Domain ontologies and XML Schemas serve to describe domain data models although they follow different modelling goals. By lifting the syntactic level of XML documents and validating XML Schemas to the semantic level of OWL ontologies and their RDF representations in an automatic way, all the information located in the XML Schemas of the domains can be reused by ontology engineers and domain experts to design domain ontologies from scratch. As this approach supports all components of the XML Schema metamodel, it is ensured that unexceptionally any XML Schema can be converted into a generated ontology. As structures of generated ontologies might be quite complex, domain ontologies can be inferred automatically by means of SWRL rules. Saved time and effort can then be used to add domain-specific semantic information, not covered by underlying XML Schemas, to the domain ontologies.

추론 비용 감소를 위한 Jess 추론과 시멘틱 웹 RL기반의 모바일 클라우드 상황인식 시스템

The context aware service is the service to provide useful information to the users by recognizing surroundings around people who receive the service via computer based on computing and communication, and by conducting self-decision. But CAS(Context Awareness System) shows the weak point of small-scale context awareness processing capacity due to restricted mobile function under the current mobile environment, memory space, and inference cost increment. In this paper, we propose a mobile cloud context system with using Google App Engine based on PaaS(Platform as a Service) in order to get context service in various mobile devices without any subordination to any specific platform. Inference design method of the proposed system makes use of knowledge-based framework with semantic inference that is presented by SWRL rule and OWL ontology and Jess with rule-based inference engine. As well as, it is intended to shorten the context service reasoning time with mapping the regular reasoning of SWRL to Jess reasoning engine by connecting the values such as Class, Property and Individual which are regular information in the form of SWRL to Jess reasoning engine via JessTab plug-in in order to overcome the demerit of queries reasoning method of SparQL in semantic search which is a previous reasoning method.

Bridging the HASM: An OWL ontology for modeling the information pathways in haptic interfaces software

Haptics technology has received enormous attention to enhance human computer interaction. The last decade has witnessed a rapid progress in haptic application software development due to the fact that the underlying technology has become mature and has opened up novel research areas. In an attempt to organize the path between cause and effect we envision a need for a standard for haptic application software modeling. In order for the software to better enhance the tactile information sensation, flow and perception and also make interaction between humans and haptics more efficient and natural, we need a formal representation of the haptics domain. This article proposes the use of HASM, a haptic applications software modeling ontology to formally model the haptics domain in order to be used during the specifications and design phases of developing software applications for haptic interfaces. The presented ontology captures the existing knowledge in haptics domain, using OWL, and defines the pathways that the haptic information follows between the human and the machine haptic system, using SWRL rules. The haptic ontology that has been developed will be used as a basis to design effective user interfaces and assist the development of software modeling for haptic devices. A case study is demonstrating how this haptic ontology can be used to design a software model that analyzes the perception of a haptic property of an object by interacting with a haptic device.

Ontology-based semantic modeling of regulation constraint for automated construction quality compliance checking

Abstract Regulations play an important role in assuring the construction quality. However, due to the large amount of regulation needs considered, the construction quality compliance checking against regulations can be cumbersome/time-consuming and error prone. In order to give more computerized support to the construction quality compliance checking against regulations, an ontology-based semantic modeling approach of regulation constraints is explored. A meta model for construction quality inspection and evaluation i.e. CQIEOntology is proposed in this paper. Based on CQIEontology, the regulation constraints are modeled into OWL axioms and SWRL rules. By these OWL axioms and SWRL rules, the regulation provisions imposed on construction quality inspection can be translated into a set of inspection tasks, and get associated with the specific construction tasks. Once the construction starts, the applicable inspection tasks, including a series of quality checking and evaluation, will be reminded and recommended. Obviously, the proposed approach facilitates taking the construction quality compliance checking as a paralleling activity to the construction rather than an afterthought, and helps the inspectors in quality inspection. Finally, the approach is demonstrated in Protege 3.4.6 through case studies based on regulation examples taken from “Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building Foundation (GB50202-2002) and the validation and discussion are given for it.”

A Method of Policy Conflict Detection Based on SWRL Rules

Policy-based management technology which is used for managing enterprise-wide networks and distributed systems is getting more and more attention. Policy conflict detection and solution is a difficulty in this field. In this paper, we present a novel method of policy conflict detection based on SWRL rules. First, we construct a policy ontology model, and represent the policies with Web Ontology Language (OWL). Then the SWRL rules used to detect conflict is presented. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate how to use our method to detection the conflicts in the managed system, the feasibility and the validity of our proposed method are proved out.

Protus 2.0: Ontology-based semantic recommendation in programming tutoring system

With the development of the Semantic web the use of ontologies as a formalism to describe knowledge and information in a way that can be shared on the web is becoming common. The explicit conceptualization of system components in a form of ontology facilitates knowledge sharing, knowledge reuse, communication and collaboration and construction of knowledge rich and intensive systems. Semantic web provides huge potential and opportunities for developing the next generation of e-learning systems. In previous work, we presented tutoring system named Protus (PRogramming TUtoring System) that is used for learning the essence of Java programming language. It uses principles of learning style identification and content recommendation for course personalization. This paper presents new approach to perform effective personalization highly based on Semantic web technologies performed in new version of the system, named Protus 2.0. This comprises the use of an ontology and adaptation rules for knowledge representation and inference engines for reasoning. Functionality, structure and implementation of a Protus 2.0 ontology as well as syntax of SWRL rules implemented for on-the-fly personalization will be presented in this paper.

Applying an ontology approach to IT service management for business-IT integration

Best practice frameworks focused on the integration of business and IT, such as ITIL, help organizations create and share effective service management. However, guidelines and models are commonly specified using natural language or graphical representations, both lacking the computational semantics needed to enable their automated validation, simulation or execution. This paper presents an ontology approach, which can help service providers add semantics to their service management process models and detect semantic ambiguities, uncertainties and contradictions. The proposed ontology draws its knowledge from good practice guidance for ITSM, enabling the current business gap that exists in many IT service providers to be overcome. To do so, service management processes are formalized in terms of an ontology defined using OWL combined with SWRL and SQWRL, the latter two being used to specify constraints and infer new knowledge. Our ontology provides support for executable service models with computational semantics. SWRL rules associated with the ontology can be categorized into three groups: (1) Model consistency; (2) SLA breaches; and (3) Proactive actions. Such rules allow us to better manage actual service management processes which are delivered in line with business needs. Also, the resulting specifications can be shared, reused and interchanged by automated means using e-business frameworks such as ebXML.

Ontology Construction of Size Limitation in New Generation of GPS

In order to facilitate the information passing during the entire life cycle of products, ontology technology is introduced into the new generation of GPS. Ontology of size limits of the new generation of GPS is constructed by Protégé in this paper. This paper extracts main concepts of tolerance, fundamental and limit deviations and defines the correlations between the concepts. Protégé is used to establish treelike hierarchical structure and correlation of the concepts which are handled as classes in ontology. Some individuals are added to facilitate the reasoning and using of the ontology. SWRL rules are defined to reason and query relevant tolerance and deviation values. A query case of size φ25H7 which gives nominal size, fundamental deviation symbol and tolerance grade shows that the size limits ontology achieves the query of size limits values with given conditions.

SEMPATH Ontology: Modeling Multidisciplinary Treatment Schemes Utilizing Semantics

A dramatic increase of demand for provided treatment quality has occurred during last decades. The main challenge to be confronted, so as to increase treatment quality, is the personalization of treatment, since each patient constitutes a unique case. Healthcare provision encloses a complex environment since healthcare provision organizations are highly multidisciplinary. In this paper, we present the conceptualization of the domain of clinical pathways (CP). The SEMPATH (SEMantic PATHways) Oontology comprises three main parts: 1) the CP part; 2) the business and finance part; and 3) the quality assurance part. Our implementation achieves the conceptualization of the multidisciplinary domain of healthcare provision, in order to be further utilized for the implementation of a Semantic Web Rules (SWRL rules) repository. Finally, SEMPATH Ontology is utilized for the definition of a set of SWRL rules for the human papillomavirus) disease and its treatment scheme.

OntoRT: An Ontology Model for Role-Based Trust-Management Framework

This paper presents OntoRT, an ontology model for Role-base Trust-management(RT) framework, which covers a large fragment of RT including RT0, RT1, RT2 and application domain specification documents (ADSDs). RT addresses distributed authorization problems in decentralized collaborative systems. OntoRT establishes a common vocabulary for RT roles and policies across domains. We describe OntoRT formally in Description Logic(DL) SHOIN(D) and DL-safe SWRL rules. Basing on our logical formalization it is feasible to authorize and analyze RT policies automatically via the state of arts DL reasoners. Finally, we show how OntoRT can be integrated with OWL-DL ontologies which are W3C standard for representing information on the Web. By referring to OWL-DL ontologies that provide rich domain knowledge, specification and management of RT policies are simplified.