Type Of Switch Research Articles

New Methods for Two-Stage Treatment Switching Estimation.

Treatment switching is common in randomized trials of oncology treatments. For example, control group patients may receive the experimental treatment as a subsequent therapy. One possible estimand is the effect of trial treatment if this type of switching had instead not occurred. Two-stage estimation is an established approach for estimating this estimand. We argue that other estimands of interest instead describe the effect of trial treatments if the proportion of patients who switched was different. We give precise definitions of such estimands. By motivating estimands using real-world data, decision-making in universal health care systems is facilitated. Focusing on estimation, we show that an alternative choice of secondary baseline, the time of first subsequent treatment, is easily defined, and widely applicable, and makes alternative estimands amenable to two-stage estimation. We develop methodology using propensity scores, to adjust for confounding at a secondary baseline, and a new quantile matching technique that can be used to implement any parametric form of the post-secondary baseline survival model. Our methodology was motivated by a recent immuno-oncology trial where a substantial proportion of control group patients subsequently received a form of immunotherapy.

Distinct Impact of Doxorubicin on Skeletal Muscle and Fat Metabolism in Mice: Without Dexrazoxane Effect

The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) leads to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass, contributing to cancer cachexia. Experimental research on the molecular mechanisms of long-term DOX treatment is modest, and its effect on both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue has not been studied in an integrative manner. Dexrazoxane (DEXRA) is used to prevent DOX-induced cancer-therapy-related cardiovascular dysfunction (CTRCD), but its impact on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of DOX on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism, and evaluate whether DEXRA can mitigate these effects. To this end, 10-week-old male C57BL6/J mice (n = 32) were divided into four groups: (1) DOX, (2) DOX-DEXRA combined, (3) DEXRA and (4) control. DOX (4 mg/kg weekly) and DEXRA (40 mg/kg weekly) were administered intraperitoneally over 6 weeks. Indirect calorimetry was used to assess metabolic parameters, followed by a molecular analysis and histological evaluation of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. DOX treatment led to significant white adipose tissue (WAT) loss (74%) and moderate skeletal muscle loss (Gastrocnemius (GAS): 10%), along with decreased basal activity (53%) and energy expenditure (27%). A trend toward a reduced type IIa fiber cross-sectional area and a fast-to-slow fiber type switch in the Soleus muscle was observed. The WAT of DOX-treated mice displayed reduced Pparg (p < 0.0001), Cd36 (p < 0.0001) and Glut4 (p < 0.05) mRNA expression—markers of fat and glucose metabolism—compared to controls. In contrast, the GAS of DOX-treated mice showed increased Cd36 (p < 0.05) and Glut4 (p < 0.01), together with elevated Pdk4 (p < 0.001) mRNA expression—suggesting reduced carbohydrate oxidation—compared to controls. Additionally, DOX increased Murf1 (p < 0.05) and Atrogin1 (p < 0.05) mRNA expression—markers of protein degradation—compared to controls. In both the WAT and GAS of DOX-treated mice, Ppard mRNA expression remained unchanged. Overall, DEXRA failed to prevent these DOX-induced changes. Collectively, our results suggest that DOX induced varying degrees of wasting in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, driven by distinct mechanisms. While DEXRA protected against DOX-induced CTRCD, it did not counteract its adverse effects on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

Folliculin Interacting Protein 1 (FNIP-1) expression and capillary density in gastrocnemius muscle tissue of mice after biological maturation period

Introduction: The biological maturity period is the time or tempo of progress toward adulthood or maturity. The hormonal fluctuations play an important role in changing the characteristics of human body tissues during the biological maturity period. However, changes in tissue characteristics during biological maturity period have not been revealed. Skeletal muscle tissue is one of those believed to experience changes. Muscle fibers are thought to experience switching types from type 2 muscle fibers to type 1 muscle fibers. The transition of muscle fibers from type 2 to type 1 requires miR-499 activity from the expression of the Myh7b gene. MiR-499 directly inhibits FNIP-1. However, the biological maturity period of changing FNIP-1 expression has not been confirmed. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of the biological maturity period on FNIP-1 expression and capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscle. Methodology: Thirty-six male mice were divided into mature groups aged eight weeks and immature groups aged four weeks. This study analyzed FNIP-1 and capillary density gastrocnemius muscle of mice using immunohistochemistry. Results: FNIP-1 expression test showed higher in immature mice than mature mice. In comparison, the capillary density test and endurance showed higher expression in mature mice than in immature mice. Conclusion: This study concludes maturation was characterized by a low distribution of FNIP-1 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle and a longer duration ability to run on the treadmill. Unfortunately the capillary density was not a specific mark to determine maturation in mice.

P0624 Adherence to a Care Pathway for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Southwest region of the Netherlands

Abstract Background In the southwest of the Netherlands, there is a close collaboration between hospitals to improve care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This collaboration aims to deliver high quality and uniform care across the region. To achieve this, a care pathway (CP) was developed and implemented for treating IBD with biologics and small new molecules. The CP consists of subsets that address initiation and switching of therapy, frequency and type of follow-up. This study aims to assess adherence to the CP and determine barriers and facilitators of the development and implementation. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted using quantitative data to evaluate the adherence to the CP per subset. Quantitative data was retrospectively collected from electronic medical records (EMR) from December 2020 until March 2023. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were used to identify barriers and facilitators, using the Extended Normalization Theory. Surveys were sent to all healthcare providers (HCPs) and interviews were conducted with gastroenterologists, IBD-nurses, healthcare assistants and IT-personnel. Results Adherence to the CP regarding the registration of discussed treatment options was 50%. Weight measurements ranged from 12% to 25% across different CP subsets. Smoking status and medication side effects were documented in respectively 30% and 33% of patients. Validated questionnaires were rarely used to record disease activity, with adherence rates between 6% and 20%. Only 25% of patients who started or switched biologics were screened for HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis B and C. Outpatient visits were scheduled according to the CP in 67% to 75% across CP subsets. Blood tests were ordered as per CP, or an exemption was registered in 25% to 42%. Microbiology tests were ordered according to the CP in 52% of patients experiencing a flare. Of the 85 surveys distributed to HCPs 42 were completed and 11 interviews were conducted. Facilitators of the CP were improving collaboration between HCPs, the potential to standardise IBD care, and that the CP is user-friendly for HCPs. Barriers included the complexity of the implementation of the CP in EMR, the difficulty for HCPs to change their current routine, and the heterogeneity of IBD. Conclusion A CP for the treatment of IBD with biologics and small new molecules has been implemented to improve patient care, however, adherence appears to be challenging. Despite the barriers, the CP is well designed and offers sufficient flexibility to personalise care where necessary. A possible reason for the adherence results may be the limited registration in EMR by HCPs. This could be improved by audit and feedback sessions, to communicate current adherence and improve implementation in daily practice.

Isolation and characterization of haploid heterothallic beer yeasts

Improving ale or lager yeasts by conventional breeding is a non-trivial task. Domestication of lager yeasts, which are hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus, has led to evolved strains with severely reduced or abolished sexual reproduction capabilities, due to, e.g. postzygotic barriers. On the other hand, S. cerevisiae ale yeasts, particularly Kveik ale yeast strains, were shown to produce abundant viable spores (~ 60%; Dippel et al. Microorganisms 10(10):1922, 2022). This led us to investigate the usefulness of Kveik yeasts for conventional yeast breeding. Surprisingly, we could isolate heterothallic colonies from germinated spores of different Kveik strains. These strains presented stable mating types in confrontation assays with pheromone-sensitive tester strains. Heterothallism was due to inactivating mutations in their HO genes. These led to amino acid exchanges in the Ho protein, revealing a known G223D mutation and also a novel G217R mutation, both of which abolished mating type switching. We generated stable MATa or MATα lines of four different Kveik yeasts, named Odin, Thor, Freya and Vör. Analyses of bud scar positions in these strains revealed both axial and bipolar budding patterns. However, the ability of Freya and Vör to form viable meiotic offspring with haploid tester strains demonstrated that these strains are haploid. Fermentation analyses indicated that all four yeast strains were able to ferment maltose and maltotriose. Odin was found to share not only mutations in the HO gene, but also inactivating mutations in the PAD1 and FDC1 genes with lager yeasts, which makes this strain POF-, i.e. not able to generate phenolic off-flavours, a key feature of lager yeasts. These haploid ale yeast-derived strains may open novel avenues also for generating novel lager yeast strains by breeding or mutation and selection utilizing the power of yeast genetics, thus lifting a block that domestication of lager yeasts has brought about.Key points• Haploid Kveik ale yeasts with stable MATa and MATα mating types were isolated.• Heterothallic strains bear mutant HO alleles leading to a novel inactivating G217R amino acid change.• One strain was found to be POF- due to inactivating mutations in the PAD1 and FDC1 gene rendering it negative for phenolic off-flavor production.• These strains are highly accessible for beer yeast improvements by conventional breeding, employing yeast genetics and mutation and selection regimes.

Code Switching and Code Mixing Analysis in the Activities of the Avicenna Language Rayon Writing Class: A Sociolinguistic Study

Abstract: This research started from the results of observations carried out in the Avicenna Language District. Based on observations, it is known that in the process of writing class activities tend to use code switching and code mixing. This study aims to describe the types of code switching, code mixing, the form of code switching, and the factors that cause code switching and code mixing in Avicenna's writing class activities. The method in data analysis is a qualitative description method. Data collection techniques through participant observation using recording and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, data analysis uses inductive data analysis to find research results by categorizing specific things that have been found to be directed to general categories. The results of the analysis obtained in this study. Keywords: code switch, code mix, factor, avicenna, an sociolinguistic study.

Adjusting for switches to multiple treatments: Should switches be handled separately or combined?

Treatment switching is common in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Participants may switch onto a variety of different treatments, all of which may have different treatment effects. Adjustment analyses that target hypothetical estimands - estimating outcomes that would have been observed in the absence of treatment switching - have focused primarily on a single type of switch. In this study, we assess the performance of applications of inverse probability of censoring weights (IPCW) and two-stage estimation (TSE) which adjust for multiple switches by either (i) adjusting for each type of switching separately ('treatments separate') or (ii) adjusting for switches combined without differentiating between switched-to treatments ('treatments combined'). We simulate 48 scenarios in which RCT participants may switch to multiple treatments. Switch proportions, treatment effects, number of switched-to treatments and censoring proportions were varied. Method performance measures included mean percentage bias in restricted mean survival time and the frequency of model convergence. Similar levels of bias were produced by treatments combined and treatments separate in both TSE and IPCW applications. In the scenarios examined, there was no demonstrable advantage associated with adjusting for each type of switch separately, compared with adjusting for all switches together.

The Effectiveness of Code Switching in Denny Sumargo Podcast: Cinta Laura Terjebak Toxic Relationship

Code switching is a combination of two or more languages and a combination of words, phrases and sentences. Code switching is usually used by bilinguals or multilinguals. This research aims to examine the types of code switching and determine the effectiveness of using code switching to find out how far respondents understand the use of code switching that occurs in Denny Sumargo's video podcast with Cinta Laura by using a questionnaire to 30 respondents. This research was conducted using mixed methods, namely qualitative methods and quantitative methods. In this research, there are 3 types of code switching according to Poplack (1980), namely Intra-sentential switching, Inter-sentential switching and Tag switching. And the results show that intra-sentential switching is the most dominant type of code switching that occurs. From that the use of code switching, it was found that 43% of respondents agreed with positive statements and 29% of respondents disagreed with negative statements. So it can be concluded that the effectiveness of using code switching in the video podcast content is quite effective and can be well understood by the majority of respondents.

THE USE OF CODE SWITCHING IN YOU AND INSECURITIES (2023) NOVEL BY AYYA

This study aimed to identify the codes used, the types, and the reasons of the use of code switching found in the conversational expression in You and Insecurities novel by Ayya. The researcher analyzed the types of code switching using the theory proposed by Poplack (1980) and the reasons of code switching based on the Hoffmann’s (1991) theory. The findings showed that the characters employed three languages in the conversations, those are Indonesian, English, and Sundanese. The most frequent types of code switching found is inter-sentential switching. It can be seen that the characters in the novel have good English skill because they have the ability to intentionally switch the language from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The most frequent reasons of code switching found is talking about particular topic. The characters employed code switching in their conversation to talk or discuss a certain topic because they feel free and comfortable to express their feelings and to make the communication easy to understand. By analyzing the codes, the types, and the reasons of code switching found in You and Insecurities novel using sociolinguistics theories, the researcher realized that a sociolinguistics approach can reveal how language in a novel reflects different social groups, the dialects and languages used by the characters, and how the social and cultural context influences the narrative. The communication style of urban people of Jakarta, in particular of the young executive group identity, is reflected in the studied novel that is You and Insecurities by Ayya. Keyword: bilingualism, multilingualism, code switching, novel

Workshop Pembuatan dan Aplikasi Penggunaan Relay Pengganti Staircase pada Instalasi Penerangan di SMKN 1 Sumbar

In the practicum, SMKN 1 West Sumatra has used various types of switches but has not used a Staircase Switch or a Relay to Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase. As we know, switches are electrical devices with various types, purposes and different usage situations. In general, switches are divided into two, namely manual and automatic switches. Manual switches require physical action from the user but automatic switches work automatically based on certain automatic settings. Through this Community Service, the team from the Padang State Polytechnic D3 Electrical Engineering Study Program is trying to introduce Staircase Switches and Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase. It is hoped that it can contribute to science and technology that can be used in practicums by SMKN 1 West Sumatra, especially the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Expertise Program. In implementing this community service using a workshop method where the participants are teachers and students, the team explained in detail about the Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase and training on how to use it. Based on the results of the workshop and questionnaire, this switch is very suitable for use in the practical work of the Electrical Power Installation Engineering Skills Program at SMKN 1 West Sumatra because this switch is designed with user friendly principles, has a timer feature with high accuracy, a time display indicator and a simple wiring circuit. Through this community service, the Team from the D.3 Electrical Engineering Study Program grant a Relay pengganti Saklar Staircase unit to SMKN 1 West Sumatra as a form of technology transfer and development of learning materials.

The Influence of Negative Affect and Food Stimuli on Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa.

Inflexible thinking among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) was proposed to reflect difficulties in set-shifting. However, studies assessing set-shifting in AN often find mixed results, especially in adolescent samples. It has been proposed that affective states and exposure to disorder-salient stimuli may modulate executive functions in AN. The current study examined the influence of induced negative emotion on the ability to shift toward or away from a food categorisation task among adolescents with AN. The study included 47 adolescents with AN and 41 healthy adolescents who performed a modified task-switching paradigm. No indication of general set-shifting difficulties among adolescents with AN was found. Nevertheless, the results showed that when negative emotion was induced, adolescents with AN shifted from a non-food categorisation task to a food categorisation task with greater efficiency compared to a neutral emotion condition. Emotion and switch type did not influence set-shifting abilities among healthy adolescents. The findings indicate automatic and more efficient switching towards preoccupation with food among adolescents with AN while experiencing negative emotion. The results emphasise the important role played by situational factors in modulating cognitive abilities in individuals with AN.

Ferroelectric, Switchable Dielectric and Nonlinear Optical Properties in Inorganic-Organic Lead-Free 1D Hybrids Based on Bi(III) and Azetidine: (C3NH8)2[BiCl5], (C3NH8)2[BiBr5

This study investigates lead-free organic-inorganic hybrids (C3NH8)2[BiCl5] (ABC) and (C3NH8)2[BiBr5] (ABB), focusing on their structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and optical properties. Both compounds exhibit paraelectric (I) to ferroelectric (II) phase transitions (PTs) at 230/233 K and 228/229 K, respectively, transitioning from orthorhombic (Pnma) to monoclinic (P21) phases, with distorted [BiX6]3- octahedra forming 1D chains. Quasielastic neutron scattering and solid-state 1H NMR studies reveal the localized motion of azetidinium cations. Dielectric measurements of ABC and ABB show step-like permittivity changes by 11-12 units post-transition I → II, demonstrating reversible switching behavior. Absorption studies reveal band gaps of 3.24 eV for ABC and 2.76 eV for ABB, classifying them as insulators. Luminescence spectra at 77K display 578 nm (ABC) and 708 nm (ABB) emissions, attributed to 3P1,0 → 1S0 transitions. Both compounds demonstrate stable second harmonic generation (SHG) switching of the on-off type. The switching performance is evaluated over multiple thermal cycles using the treq metric, which decreases with increasing temperature change rate and indicates that ABB's SHG switching is approximately 30% faster than that of ABC.

Abstract 4137337: Targeting Macrophage NCOR1 to Alleviate Inflammation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background: Inflammatory response is a key player in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, however the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates that macrophage inflammation driven by the transcriptional coregulatory protein NCOR1 could play a pivotal role in disease states. Hypothesis: NCOR1 orchestrates macrophage inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in HFpEF. Methods: HFpEF was induced in mice using a validated model combining high-fat diet and L-NAME for 15 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using high-resolution ultrasound imaging and LV samples were used to study macrophage polarization and inflammation by FACS. We generated myeloid-specific NCOR1-KO mice to investigate the in vivo effects of macrophage NCOR1 depletion on HFpEF. In vitro experiments included RAW 264.7 cells polarization and the assessment of macrophage phenotype switching in the presence or the absence of NCOR1. To study the crosstalk of macrophages with the surrounding cardiac cells, cardiomyocytes (H9c2) and endothelial cells (HAECS) were exposed to conditioned media from cultured RAW. Results: The expression of macrophage markers in human LV specimens showed an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and a decrease in regulatory macrophages (M2) as compared to age-matched control mice. HFpEF mice showed increased expression of vascular adhesion molecules (ICAM1, ICAM2, E-selectin) and a significant recruitment of M1 macrophages as proved by qPCR, WB, and flow cytometry analysis. Of interest, diastolic dysfunction - assessed by E/A ratio and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) – and lung congestion were significantly reduced in mice with macrophage NCOR1 deletion as compared to WT littermates, while exercise tolerance was significantly improved. These findings were associated with a reduction of myocardial inflammation (TNF-a, IL6, IL-1b) in Ncor1-KO mice. In vitro assays showed that stimulation of macrophages with PA induced M1 type switch and increased NCOR1, TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1b levels, whereas NCOR1 depletion prevented detrimental changes of macrophage conditional medium (Fig.1). Conclusion: Targeting macrophage NCOR1 could represent a promising approach to blunt myocardial inflammation in HFpEF.

All-optical switching in nonlinear topological waveguide arrays.

Photonic topological states are prospective in integrated optical devices due to their robustness to perturbations and defects. When taking into account the nonlinear effects of the system, the functionality of topological photonics can be further enhanced. Here, we investigated the interplay between topological edge states and nonlinear effects based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. Relying on the theory prediction that topological edge states would shift upward under the action of nonlinearity, two types of optical switching are designed and experimentally realized in femtosecond laser direct-write waveguide arrays. This work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach to preparing all-optical switches and offers a new perspective on the application of nonlinearity in topological optical devices.

A lightweight MMC topology with recombined half‐bridge submodules for DC fault ride‐through

AbstractThe lightweight of modular multilevel converter (MMC) and the DC faults ride‐through ability are main challenges for MMC‐high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. By introducing the concept of time‐division multiplexing, an arm multiplexing MMC (AM‐MMC) topology with high utilization of submodules is presented to reduce the weight and volume of MMC. In order to block the DC side fault current, this paper proposes a novel submodule in AM‐MMC, instead of using full‐bridge submodules. The proposed recombined half‐bridge submodules of AM‐MMC (RHAM‐MMC) contains four half‐bridge submodules and an IGBT with reverse parallel diodes. The topology and operating principle of RHAM‐MMC are introduced in detail. The time‐division multiplexing of middle arms between upper and lower arms is achieved by introducing arm selection switches. Thus, a new type of arm switch and switching method is designed based on the switch state. The DC faults ride‐through strategy is carried out based on its DC fault characteristic analysis. In addition, the economy analysis is conducted on the switching loss and operating loss of RHAM‐MMC. Compared with the fault ride‐through capability of other sub‐modules (SMs), RHAM‐MMC performs better in terms of investment cost and device losses. The simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink reveal that RHAM‐MMC can achieve the DC side fault ride‐through and show effectiveness of the DC fault ride‐through control strategy.

Projective Synchronization for Uncertain Fractional Reaction-Diffusion Systems via Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Based on Finite-Time Scheme.

In this article, the projective synchronization of uncertain fractional-order (FO) reaction-diffusion systems is studied for the first time via the fractional adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) method. A FO integral type switching function is designed, and corresponding adaptive SMC laws are derived which ensure the FO sliding mode surface (SMS) is reachable after a finite time interval. The improved version of these control laws which have smaller oscillation and better control performance are also derived. A new lemma for proving the finite-time reachability of the FO SMS is developed. At last, numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of our theories.

A design of series-parallel switching type electrical cabinet for energy storage system

Abstract Based on the application requirements of multi-load scenarios in the field of specific energy storage, we propose a design of a series-parallel switching type electrical cabinet through the analysis of the energy storage system. The scheme operates the on-off combination of the bus bar switch inside the electrical cabinet through the electronic control system to adjust the series and parallel configurations of the battery racks inside the energy storage container, thus changing the output voltage, current, and power to meet the electricity needs under different load conditions.

NCOR1 orchestrates macrophage inflammation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a translational study

Abstract Background/Introduction Inflammatory response is a key player in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent studies have shown a critical involvement of cardiac macrophage activation in myocardial remodeling thus contributing to HFpEF. Purpose To investigate the role of cardiac macrophage inflammation in experimental and human HFpEF. Methods We employed a translational approach combining human and murine LV myocardial tissue, FACS analysis of cardiac immune cells, in vitro experiments in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to metabolic stress by palmitic acid (PA), bone marrow-derived macrophages from healthy and HFpEF mice, cardiomyocytes (H9c2), endothelial cells (HAECs) as well as ex vivo functional analyses in LV tissues. Human LV myocardial samples were used to evaluate the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages in the HFpEF myocardium. Induction of HFpEF in mice was done through a validated mouse model combining metabolic (high-fat diet) and hemodynamic stress (L-NAME). Cardiac function was investigated by high resolution ultrasound imaging (Vevo3100) and the LV myocardial samples were used to study the macrophage polarization and their inflammatory activity. Based on interrogation of available RNA-seq datasets – showing the transcriptional repressor NCOR1 as a relevant signature in macrophages during cardiac inflammation, we generated myeloid cell-specific NCOR1 knockout (Ncor1-KO) transgenic mice to investigate the in vivo effects of NCOR1 deletion on the HFpEF phenotype. Results The expression of macrophage markers in human LV specimens showed an increase in pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and a decrease in regulatory macrophages (M2) as compared to age-matched control mice. HFpEF mice showed increased expression of vascular adhesion molecules (ICAM1, ICAM2, E-selectin) and a significant recruitment of M1 macrophages as proved by qPCR, WB, and flow cytometry analysis. Of interest, diastolic dysfunction - assessed by E/A ratio and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) – and lung congestion were significantly reduced in mice with macrophage NCOR1 deletion as compared to WT littermates, while exercise tolerance was significantly improved. These findings were associated with a reduction of myocardial inflammation (TNF-a, IL6, IL-1b) in Ncor1-KO mice. In vitro assays showed that stimulation of macrophages with PA induced M1 type switch and increased NCOR1, TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1b levels, whereas NCOR1 depletion prevented detrimental changes of macrophage secretome (Fig.2). Conclusion NCOR1 is a crucial regulator of immune response and macrophage inflammation in the heart. Our findings highlight its potential as a target for therapies aimed at preventing myocardial damage in HFpEF.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan terhadap Loyalitas dengan Kepuasan Nasabah sebagai Variabel Mediasi

Customer satisfaction has become a central concept in marketing theory and practice, and is one of the essential goals for business activities. Basically, customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction with a product or service will affect subsequent customer behavior. Customers who are satisfied will show a high probability of customers returning to use the same product or service. According to Syah (2021), satisfied customers also tend to provide good references to the product or service to others. Meanwhile, dissatisfied customers can cause negative attitudes towards the brand or manufacturer or service provider, even distributors, reduced likelihood of repeat purchases, brand switching, and various types of complaint behavior.

Alih Kode dan Campur Kode dalam Lingkungan Komunikasi Mahasiswa Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni

This research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing used by speakers in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects used in this research were students and students in the Faculty of Languages ​​and Arts (FBS). The object of this research is speech about the use of code switching and code mixing used in everyday communication. The data collection techniques used in this research are direct observation, interviews and recording techniques. The results of this research show that the code switching and code mixing that occurred was Javanese, Batak, English and Indonesian. The types of code switching found were Indonesian to Batak, from Indonesian to Javanese, and from Indonesian to English and vice versa. The types of code mixing found are code mixing in and code mixing out using Indonesian, English and Javanese with word forms and expressions.