Switching Logic Research Articles

Multi-Functional UPS for Commercial Use

This paper proposes a line-interactive static UPS system with a simple control strategy for the operation of three-leg IGBT based AC/DC converter. Min-Max algorithm based PWM technique is used as switching logic for AC/DC converter. The developed control strategy addresses the applications like reactive power compensation of load, unbalanced currents compensation, active power compensation during peak load time on the grid and Seamless power transfer operation from grid-connected mode to islanding mode. LCL filter is designed to meet the THD limits specified in IEEE Std 519-2014.

Longitudinal Driving Force Distribution of Four In-wheel Motors Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Fuzzy Logic

In order to improve the vehicle economy, this paper establishes the drive system efficiency optimization objective function and vehicle longitudinal driving constraints, design the drive system efficiency optimization control algorithm based on tolerance. Then establish the objective function of longitudinal adhesion coefficient utilization optimization algorithm, complete the development of longitudinal adhesion coefficient utilization optimization control algorithm to improve the vehicle stability. In order to give consideration to the economy and stability of vehicle longitudinal driving, the switching logic of longitudinal driving force distribution algorithm is designed. Fuzzy control is used in the switching logic to realize the smooth switching of longitudinal driving force in the transition process, and realize the optimal distribution of longitudinal driving force. Finally, compare the simulation to the typical control algorithm under multiple working conditions to comfirm the actively effect of the control algorithm.

Overall Design of Fine Guidance Sensor in Attitude Determination for the SVOM Satellite

SVOM is a Sino-French cooperation project aiming at Gamma Ray Burst observation. From the top level requirement, during the observation period, the satellite platform should provide a stability of better than 1.6 arcsec/100s. Based on this severe requirement, a high precision attitude measurement device is strongly demanded. This article describes the overall design of a novel optical sensor, called Fine Guidance Sensor, for the SVOM Satellite. First, the functional and performance requirements are presented, including the extremely high measuring precision of 0.3 arcsec in y/z-axis. Second, FGS composition, including hardware and software, and processing flow design are described. Then, working mode switching logic is introduced. Next, attitude determination method and simulation result are shown. The conclusion is obtained and all the required indexes are fulfilled by current FGS design.

Adaptive Power Compensation-Based Frequency Regulation Strategy of Wind Turbine System

Given the increasing penetration of wind power generation, the power system faces great challenges in frequency regulation due to reduction in system inertia. This paper proposes an adaptive power compensation based frequency regulation (FR) strategy of the wind turbine system (WTS). In a frequency transient event, the proposed strategy exploits power excitation method to estimate the disturbance level, which enables the WTS to timely and accurately participate in FR. After the system frequency and the rate of change of frequency meet their requirements, the droop control is adopted to smooth the WTS out of the FR mode and further improve the frequency quality. By analyzing the operation mode and determining the switching logic, detailed implementation of the proposed strategy is developed. Its excellent frequency response performance is verified via results of hardware-in-the-loop experiment and MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation.

Volatile and Nonvolatile Memory Devices for Neuromorphic and Processing-in-memory Applications

The motivation for driving semiconductor devices can be found in the development of advanced computers which can contribute to the betterment in our daily lives. The contribution has been largely made by semiconductor logic devices traveling the pavements identified as technology nodes for device shrinkage that enables high-speed and low-power operations. Lighter and faster processors are the everlasting goals in electronics and computer science, and have been concerned with logic technologies. However, the vast amount of data that should be dealt are consistently requiring an innovative way out of the conventional serial data communication and processing. Data need to be processed in a shorter time but the irreducibilities in logic switching time, data propagation time in metallic interconnection accompanying RC delay, and the time amount spent in the serial communication between logic and memory units should be quenched. It is quite hard to control the former two factors which are largely determined by physical limits and fabrication technology ones in recent days but the latter still has room for reduction by novel devices and architectures specifically designed for maximizing the parallelism in data processing and communication. The semiconductor memories let aside the advancements in processor technologies now is being moved to the center of renovation toward the future computers in the ultimate architecture. In this review, the roles and requirements of semiconductor memories for memory-oriented processors are investigated in the highlights of applications in the neuromorphic system and processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures.

Nonlinear modified bias proportional navigation guidance law against maneuvering targets

To realize the terminal acceleration constraint for a bias proportional navigation guidance law without usage of switching logics, this paper proposes a modified bias term and presents a terminal acceleration constrained bias proportional navigation guidance law against maneuvering targets. First, a so-called virtual planar coordinates whose origin is attached to the point mass of the target is built, so that the original maneuvering target is transformed to a virtual stationary target. On this basis, the common structure of bias proportional navigation guidance law is presented. To realize the terminal acceleration constraint, a modified bias term related to the relative distance between target and missile is used to improve the bias proportional navigation guidance law. With the virtual look angle and the line-of-sight angle constrained, the proposed modified bias proportional navigation guidance law can intercept the maneuvering targets in a desired attack angle. Comparisons with the optimal guidance law in the linear system are carried out, and the proposed law is proved to be near-optimal. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the all-aspect interception capability of the proposed law against maneuvering targets.

Unified Accurate Attitude Control for Dual-Tiltrotor UAV with Cyclic Pitch Using Actuator Dynamics Compensated LADRC.

This paper proposes a unified attitude controller based on the modified linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) for a dual-tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with cyclic pitch to achieve accurate attitude control despite its nonlinear and time-varying characteristics during flight mode transitions. The proposed control algorithm has higher robustness against model mismatch compared with the model-based control algorithms. The modified LADRC utilizes the state feedbacks from the onboard sensors like IMU and Pitot tube instead of the mathematical model of the plane. It has less dependency on the accurate dynamics model of the dual-tiltrotor UAV, which can hardly be built. In contrast to the original LADRC, an actuator model is integrated into the modified LADRC to compensate for the non-negligible slow rotor flapping dynamics and servo dynamics. This modification eliminates the oscillation of the original LADRC when applied on the plant with slow-response actuators, such as propeller and rotors of the helicopter. In this way, the stability and performance of the controller are improved. The controller replaces the gain-scheduling or the control logic switching by a unified controller structure, which simplifies the design approach of the controller for different flight modes. The effectiveness of the modified LADRC and the performance of the unified attitude controller are demonstrated in both simulation and flight tests using a dual-tiltrotor UAV. The attitude control error is less than ±4° during the conversion flight. The control rising time in different flight modes is all about 0.5 s, despite the variations in the airspeed and tilt angle. The flight results show that the controller guarantees high control accuracy and uniform control quality in different flight modes.

Integrated fault estimation and tolerant control for discrete-time switched affine systems with mixed switching laws

This study is concerned with the issues of simultaneous actuator fault estimation and the design of observer-based fault-tolerant control for a class of discrete-time switched affine systems subject to a mixed switching scheme. A mixed switching law, which is composed of constant dwell-time and state-dependent switching logic, is introduced to avoid the chattering phenomenon of augmented error switched affine system, and a discretized Lyapunov function approach is used to ensure the asymptotic stability of error systems. Then, the simultaneous fault estimation and tolerant control based state observer are studied and the corresponding design problem is transformed into resolving a multi-objective optimization for augmented error systems with H∞ performance index. Moreover, the gains of fault estimator and tolerant controller are explicitly calculated via resolving the conditions of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a practical application of DC motor/Buck–Boost converter is illustrated to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the developed approach.

Configuration system design and longitudinal flight simulation verification of variable stability helicopter

For in-flight simulation of variable stability helicopter, how to have the ability to change a wide range of response characteristics and ensure flight safety is an important design problem. This paper proposes configuration design technology of the variable stability helicopter, which purpose is to safely change steady-state and dynamic response characteristics of the variable stability helicopter, and make the pilot feel good or poor helicopter response characteristics. The configuration control system of the variable stability helicopter is designed theoretically, and the configuration switch logic is studied from the perspective of flight safety. The numerical simulation test of the longitudinal configuration control law was carried out, and the configuration control law and configuration switch logic were added to the ground closed-loop test to verify. The results show that the expected response characteristics of the helicopter are obtained by applying the configuration system design technology.

Global Fixed-Time Control for Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Control Coefficients and Dead-Zone Input

The global fixed-time control problem is studied for uncertain nonlinear systems whose dead-zone input and control coefficients are unknown. Unlike the previous results, the control coefficients are unknown and their bounds are also not required. Firstly, a modified adaptive controller is proposed with the assistance of the adding a power integrator technique. And a logic switching mechanism is developed based on the framework of the fixed-time stability theorem to compensate the uncertain control coefficients and dead zone. Then it is proved that the fixed-time stability can be ensured for the closed-loop systems based on the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by a simulation result.

Controllable optical bistability with perfect photon absorption

We propose a scheme for controlling nonlinear coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in a three-level Λ-type atom-cavity system. Generally, the normally nonlinear CPA and the bistable CPA can be attained at different frequencies of an input probe field. With a coherent control field coupling one of the ground states and the excited state of the atoms, two types of CPA can be attained at the same frequency. Besides, for the bistable CPA, the highest output-input ratio of the high stable state and the low stable state is approximately 1, and the threshold and the hysteresis cycle of the bistability are controllable by the control field. The results of our study may potentially be applied in optical bistable switching and optical logic devices.

Finite-time stabilization with arbitrarily prescribed settling-time for uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper considers global finite-time stabilization with arbitrarily prescribed settling-time for nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and other serious uncertainties. In view of the challenge of the problem and the scarcity of available methods, several motivating facts are offered by elaborating examples and counterexamples. The facts disclose the potential obstructions in pursuing continuous controllers and force us to resort to powerful discontinuous feedbacks. By combining the method of adding a power integrator, homogeneous approach and desingularization technique, a state-feedback controller with design parameters is first proposed. Then a switching logic is proposed to tune the parameters online, wherein two types of switching sequences are involved to suppress serious uncertainties and to guarantee arbitrarily prescribed settling-time, respectively. Also, fixed-time stabilization is considered as a special case, aiming at the trade-off between arbitrary rapidness and high control cost. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Тренинги офлайн или онлайн: тенденции в подготовке юридических психологов

This article reveals the features of training psychologists for developmental and psychocorrectional activities in the context of legal psychology. Definitions and differentiation of these activities are given, and the concept of “training” is defined as a group form of their implementation. These stages in training of specialists are noted: client experience, theoretical training, workshop, practice. The algorithms for designing of developmental and psycho-corrective trainings are described, including four types of logic for the development of training programs: the content logic, the logic of the training program, the logic of the training “day”, the logic of activity switching. The specifics of online trainings are high-lighted: the limitations of this format along with the possibilities for overcoming them. The study emphasizes the importance of supervision in the development of students' expertise, as well as the formation of their expertise in the field of supervisory analysis of trainings. On the whole, the study concludes the need to expand the scope of training of psychologists by helping them to master Internet technologies.

Adjustable Speed Induction Motor Drive Fed by 13-Level Cascaded Inverter and 54-Pulse Converter

In this article, a 13-level asymmetric configured cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter is used with a 54-pulse ac–dc converter to feed a medium voltage indication motor (IM). A thorough analysis is carried out to design an isolated multiwinding transformer (MWT) based 54-pulse converter. Accordingly, the main aim of this converter is to extract the power from the grid as per the power quality standard. Moreover, a higher number of voltage levels in CHB inverter are used to adhere the power quality due to asymmetric dc supplies, having a 1:2:3 voltage ratio. Hence, a 13-level CHB-MLI is implemented with nine dc voltage sources. The converters of this drive system ensure that the quality of the grid currents and drive currents are excellent and meet the IEEE 519 power quality successfully. A nearest-level control technique is implemented to generate the switching logic for a 13-level CHB- CHB inverter. Simulated results demonstrate the performance of a 298.4 kW induction motor drive in steady-state and dynamic state. A validation study is conducted on an experimental setup with a 7.5 kW IM at steady and dynamic states. Test results show a good agreement in terms of total harmonics distortions, power loss, and efficiency.

Comparison of Simple Feedback Control Structures for Constrained Optimal Operation

Optimal operation of systems subject to constraints can be challenging, especially when the set of active constraints changes during operation due to disturbances. The use of traditional model-based real-time optimization strategies has limitations related to model-plant mismatch and computational effort, and therefore the use of simple feedback strategies in lower layers is a good alternative to avoid these issues on fast timescales. This work aims to evaluate the viability of region-based control structures using selectors and the use of a primal-dual feedback optimizing control framework on this kind of problem, through the study of two process systems with changing active constraints. While region-based strategies focus on the effective control in specific active constraint regions, the primal-dual approach allows for control in all possible regions, with the introduction of intermediate variables that estimate the Lagrange multiplier values. In the first case study, the traditional region-based strategy could not handle all constraint regions, and an additional logical switching was necessary to account for the remaining region. The implementation of primal-dual feedback optimizing control was flexible enough to control the system in all regions without the need for additional logic. The second case study presents more constraints than the first and increased nonlinearities, which makes finding controlled variables for the unconstrained degrees of freedom challenging. The primal-dual control framework was able to drive the system to the optimum in all considered regions. Therefore, this framework is deemed as a promising control structure for optimal operation in the presence of changing active constraints.

Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Solar Thermal Electric Plants Based on Petri Net

At present, solar thermal power generation is in the demonstration stage, and the large-scale production is affected by many factors. In view of the characteristics of different operating modes of photothermal power generation, it is analyzed that the turbine needs to be started and stopped frequently due to different operating modes, which will lead to the instability of the output energy and the reduction of power generation efficiency. In this paper, the dynamic equation of energy conversion process is established by using the law of conservation of energy and conservation of mass. Combined with the logic switching criterion of the system, the system model was established by using the extended differential Petri net, and the validity and accuracy of the model were verified. Through the Petri net model of the system, the system’s working mode switching and power generation situation are analyzed due to the difference of direct normal irradiation intensity (DNI). Finally, the accuracy of the model is proved by comparing it with experimental data of the photovoltaic and thermal demonstration projects that have been connected to the grid.

Model predictive control with fuzzy logic switching for path tracking of autonomous vehicles

This paper introduces an integrated path tracking control strategy for autonomous vehicles. The proposed control strategy is based on a multi-input multi-output linear model predictive control (LMPC) with a fuzzy logic switching system. The designed MPC is based on Laguerre networks. The main target of the designed MPC is to produce the optimal control signals of the steering angle and the angular velocity while considering the physical constraints of the control signals and the measurements noise. Since the vehicle model is highly nonlinear and is operated over a wide range of operating points, different linearized models are obtained. The controller parameters for each linear model are designed and tuned. The gab metric analysis is used to select a number of these models to simplify the design of the proposed controller. Then, these models are combined using a fuzzy logic controller to switch between them. To test the proposed controller performance, different paths are generated using path planning algorithms. These paths simulate different vehicle maneuvers scenarios. The simulation results show that the designed tracking controller has a tracking performance on different designed paths better than that of a Linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) tracking controller, discussed in this paper.

Design and Fabrication of Printed Human Skin Model Equivalent Circuit: A Tool for Testing Biomedical Electrodes without Human Trials

Within the efforts of developing a new generation of biomedical electrodes with embedded switching logics, developing safe and simple procedures for testing these novel systems is tackled. The development and demonstration of an all‐printed flexible testbed for automated validation and testing of multi pad systems is presented. The system is based on a Human model equivalent circuit (HMEC), which, when connected to the electrical stimulation system, mirrors the electrical behavior of biomedical electrodes and their specific interface material as if they are placed on a human subject. A simulation model of the electrical stimulation system components was developed based on the experimental data, in order to optimize printed electronic components’ characteristics and design. The testbed is composed of five layers of different conductive and dielectric materials screen‐printed on a flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. The system was prototyped with the characteristic values of the HMEC matching the average experimental data acquired from human subjects. Thus, it is demonstrated that an all printed flexible HMEC is a feasible approach to enabling the functional testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulation devices required for their fabrication, evaluation and optimization, reducing the need for tests on human subjects in the development phase of new systems.

Negative controlled Fredkin gate circuits with mirrors

Data loss is a major problem in conventional circuits. But it cannot happen in reversible circuits. So energy dissipation per bit loss does not happen in this circuit. Also, recovery of input data can be possible in this circuit. Negative controlled Fredkin gate (NCF) is a self-invertible reversible gate. It performs SWAP operation if its control input is logic zero. In this paper, a mechanically controlled mirror-based NCF gate is designed, where the operation is based on the movement of mirrors. To move the mirror from its position electrical signal can be used. Optical signals are used in computational operations. Some complex reversible circuits viz. some logical operations (XOR-XNOR, AND-NAND, OR-NOR), DE-MUX/MUX, switching, and data shifting circuits are also shown in this paper. Quantum realization of the circuit was performed. Also, the matrix calculation was done to find out the operation of the circuit. Optical delay, optical cost, quantum delay, and quantum cost of every proposed design were calculated.

A Novel Approach to Investigate Analog and Digital Circuit Applications of Silicon Junctionless-Double-Gate (JL-DG) MOSFETs

The double gate junctionless transistor (DG-JLT) has become the most promising device in sub nano-meter regime. DGJLT based circuits have improved performance and simpler fabrication than their inversion mode counterparts. This paper demonstrates the design of different analog and digital circuits using DGJLT. Amplifiers and inverters are the basic building block of electronic ICs. A MOS amplifier converts the variation of the gate to source voltage to a small current under transconductance and hence, the output voltage. A single-stage amplifier and differential amplifier have been designed with junctionless-double-gate (JL-DG) MOSFET. Trans-conductance, output voltage, and gain have been investigated using ATLAS 2D device simulator. The inverter is the primary logic gate that can be used to verify the device’s response in digital applications. Further, CMOS inverter have been designed using JL-DG MOSFET, and its performance parameters such as switching voltage, noise margin, and logic delay have been analyzed. A switching voltage of 0.43 V, noise margin of 0.265 V, and a delay of 19.18 psec have been obtained for the basic cell. CMOS inverter using JL-DG MOSFET at 20 nm channel length have prompted better performance results. Thus, The JL-DG MOSFET has a bright future in low-power analog and digital applications.