Switched Boost Converter Research Articles

The effect of different mission profiles and ambient temperature on the lifetime of boost converter IGBT with a robust controller in a hybrid electric vehicle

AbstractThe reliability of power electronic converters is one of the essential issues in designing of electric vehicles. This paper estimates the lifetime of the boost converter switch by Semikron and Coffin‐Manson models for two common failure mechanisms of Bond wire and Base plate solder, respectively. Four mission profiles based on the Artemis standard are applied to hybrid electrical vehicle model to determine unidirectional output power. Kharitonov's theory is used to design a robust controller to handle the uncertainty raised by different power cycles of the electric vehicle and the parameters of the converter during simulation. Stability of converter is achieved during simulation by identifying simple proportional integral controller coefficients with Kharitonov's theorem. A prototype 230 W boost converter is designed and utilized to validate average model and switch loss calculation relationships. The lifetime results indicate that the number of cycles, and the average and the maximum junction temperature have a more impact than the duration of the drive cycle on the lifetime of the converter. A mixed mission profile is considered to investigate the effect of sudden change in driving modes and speed on total consumed life and lifetime to enhance the study's applicability. Lifetime of switch is decreased significantly in mixed mode in comparison with other mission profiles in the same driving time. Furthermore, the motorway mission profile has 53%, 39.6%, and 160% less total consumed life in comparison with the urban, rural and mixed mission profiles, respectively. In addition, the effect of ambient temperature changes on IGBT lifetime has been investigated for four mission profiles. While motorway had the least total consumed life in 25°C, the urban had better performance in comparison with other mission profiles from 25 to 55°C.

Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of a Soft Switching Boost Converter With UCV

Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of a Soft Switching Boost Converter With UCV

Boundary-Based Hybrid Control Algorithm for Switched Boost Converter Operating in CCM and DCM

It is essential to have enhanced efficiency for the DC-DC converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This requires a hybrid controller designed using pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM) schemes. This paper fixates on a boundary-based hybrid control algorithm for the second-order DC-DC converter - the switched boost converter. The proposed algorithm works in PWM control scheme for CCM operation, whereas DCM operation uses PFM control scheme. The boundary conditions are defined by the load current, output voltage, and switching frequency. Here, an attempt is carried out to have the advantages of both the control schemes. The boost converter is represented by the switched system operating in three modes. Violating transition guards condition orchestrates the switching among these modes. A supervisor detects the CCM and DCM operations, and subsequently switches between PWM and PFM control scheme. Extensive circuit-level simulations are carried out in MATLAB to show the efficacy of the suggested algorithm under the fluctuating line, load, and set-point.

Enhancement of Solar PV Panel Using Single Integral Sliding Mode MPPT Control

The maximum power extraction using single integral sliding mode control scheme is established from the sliding mode control scheme. The sliding mode control (SMC) scheme extracts the maximum power during the partial shading weather conditions using the effective selection sliding surface duty cycle ratio in combination of dc/dc boost converter. This dynamic operation of sliding surface selection operation in partial shading conditions aids to enhance the solar panel efficiency compared to the other existing MPPT schemes. The effective dynamic operation of sliding surface mode control is designed using feedback loop control scheme to diminish the steady state voltage error of the solar panel, further to obtain the higher sliding duty cycle ratio. The dc-to-dc boost converter is made active using sliding duty cycle ratio as input gate signal boost converter switch. Hence, higher efficiency attains at higher sliding surface duty ration. This sliding surface duty ratio is limited in sliding mode MPPT control scheme and requires the necessary advancements to achieve the maximum duty cycle ratio. The single integral sliding mode control scheme (SISMC) offers the enhanced sliding surface duty cycle ratio with integration of voltage error obtained in SMC scheme. Therefore, the major application of SISMC compared to SMC scheme is the proposed SISMC schemeoffers the effective dynamic sliding operation using integrated steady state voltage error signal and allows to nullify the lacuna of maximum sliding duty cycle ratio. Hence, this paper aims to discuss the design and performance analysis of SMC scheme and proposed SISMC MPPT control scheme. To corroboratethe performance of the proposed SISMC MPPT scheme, the MATLAB / Simulink model was designed and verified. Also,this paper presents the comparison results of proposed SISMC MPPT schemes with the SMC scheme.

Design of Solar Photovoltaic Based Portable Water Filter

In this work, a hardware model of solar photovoltaic system-based water filter is designed to support the Qatrah program of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A solar photovoltaic system provides active energy to charge the battery of 24 Volt via dc to dc boost converter (step-up converter) and battery energy is used to run the dc pump of water filter in remote areas. A boost converter increases the input voltage level of solar panel upto 25 Volt fix to run the dc motor of solar pump and at same time it charges the batteries in sun light. The boost converter switch is pulsed at maximum output power of solar. It is extracted using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system. An Arduino Nano microcontroller is used to extract the pulse of dc to dc boost converter at MPPT of solar photovoltaic system.

Output Feedback Sliding Mode Control of Markovian Jump Systems and Its Application to Switched Boost Converter

This paper presents a sliding mode dynamic output feedback controller design for Markovian jump systems under a communication network. For the inaccessible states and uncertain parts of Markovian jump systems, a novel integral-type sliding mode output feedback controller combined with system states and dynamic controller states is proposed. An event-triggered mechanism is introduced to reduce network bandwidth and resources requirements. The augmented dynamic system and complete control framework are presented together. The reachability of the novel integral-type sliding mode is proved. Then, based on delay-dependent Lyapunov functions, free-weighting matrices, and a singular value decomposition approach, a less conservative sufficient condition is proposed to ensure exponential stability with a weighted <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal{ L}_{\infty}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> disturbance performance. Finally, a numerical and a DC-DC switched boost converter circuit simulations that verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controller are presented.

Sliding Mode Controller for Electric Vehicles based on Switched Boost Converter

This paper proposes electric vehicle energy conversion of DC-DC by using switched capacitor step-up converter and the implemented system’s control techniques. In this system, the proposed switched boost capacitor converter is interfaced with a power source, attaining high power gain that could not be achieved by the existing systems like VSI and boost converter. In this proposed system, the large inductor is ignored and the capacitor that used for filtering purpose. Because of this, the system is directed to low cost and high density. The switched capacitor regulated converter is applicable for all the power conversion such as dc-ac, dc-dc. In this paper, the proposed Sliding mode controller (SMC) controls the BLDC motor in the vehicle’s inverter. The proposed system results are obtained and verified using MATLAB/Simulink.

An energy harvesting system for time-varying energy transducers with FOCV based dynamic and adaptive MPPT for 30 nW to 4 mW of input power range

This article, for the first time, presents an energy harvesting system (EHS) for harvesting the energy from the continuous time-varying energy harvesters using the fractional open-circuit-voltage (FOCV) based dynamic and adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The proposed EHS includes an energy harvester, a start-up circuit, a DC-DC boost converter, a DC-DC buck converter, and a control circuit. In the FOCV based MPPT, a fraction of the open-circuit-voltage (OCV) of the energy harvester, is maintained at the output of the energy harvester (input of a DC-DC boost converter). In the proposed work, OCV of the energy harvester is dynamically and adaptively sampled depending on the ambient conditions and the maximum available power from the energy harvester. This helps in improving the tracking efficiency of the proposed MPPT circuit for the time-varying energy harvester by more than 10%. The boost converter switching time period instants are utilized for sampling the OCV of the energy harvester. A 12-stage Dickson based charge pump along with a 5-stage ring oscillator with a modified clock distribution is used for the start-up. Post-layout simulated results of the proposed EHS are presented in the 180 nm mixed-mode CMOS technology. The tracking efficiency and the boost converter efficiency for a wide range of the available input power (30 nW to 4 mW) compatible with many time-varying ambient energy harvesters in both indoor and outdoor places are presented. For a time-varying energy harvester, the tracking efficiency is more than 96%. For a source resistance of 100 kΩ, the boost converter's efficiency is 60.09% and 90.77% at available power of 56 nW and 1.6 μW, respectively.

Monitoring of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Modeling with Boost Converter

Energy plays a very important role in human life. Every year, the demand for energy needs continues to increase and the majority of energy generation uses fossil fuels. So we need an energy source that is environmentally friendly. One of the environmentally friendly energy sources is a fuel cell. Fuel cells can produce electrical energy at a lower cost than the electrical energy generated by conventional power grids. In making a fuel cell system, a modeling is needed so that the fuel cell system can work properly and in accordance with the desired specifications. One method for modeling a fuel cell system is to use MATLAB. The use of a DC-DC boost converter with a properly designed closed loop PID controller has a very important role in regulating the PWM of the DC-DC boost converter switch and plays a very important role in controlling power regulation. In this research, a modeling analysis of NEXATM 1.2 kW hydrogen fuel cell with a DC-DC boost converter controlled by a PID controller was carried out for a compact Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) design. The purpose of this research is to model and analyze the characteristics of the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the performance of the PID controller in regulating the DC-DC boost converter output voltage on the hydrogen fuel cell. The results showed that the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell was influenced by the pressure of oxygen gas, hydrogen, and temperature. The greater the value of oxygen gas pressure, hydrogen gas pressure, and temperature on the fuel cell, the greater the voltage and current output of the fuel cell. The simulation results show the fuel cell output voltage is 47.89 V with an error percentage of 4.22%, and the fuel cell output current is 23.94 A with an error percentage of 0.25%, and the fuel cell output power is 1147 W with an error percentage of 4.12%. The performance of the PID controller with the DC-DC boost converter in regulating the fuel cell output voltage is very good. This is indicated by the results of the response curve for the fuel cell output current, namely the value of rise time (tr) of 4 seconds, delay time (td) of 0.2 seconds, peak time (tp) of 4 seconds, settling time (ts) of 4 seconds, and a maximum overshoot (Mp) of 0%. For output voltage, the value of rise time (tr) is 4 seconds, delay time (td) is 0.2 seconds, peak time (tp) is 4 seconds, settling time (ts) is 4 seconds, and maximum overshoot (Mp) is 0% with the parameter value Proportional (P) of 0.001, Integral (I) of 10, and Derivative (D) of 0.

Double integral sliding mode control of a boost PEMFC system

In this study, we propose a simple pulse-width modulator based on integral sliding mode controller (PWM-SISMC) to deal with the steady state error (SSE) of a boost converter. The PWM-DISMC is used for the first time to compensate for the SSE of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC). The PWM-DISMC tracks the reference output of the FC system composed of a 7 kW FC supplying a resistive variable load (24 Ω to 96 Ω) and a DC bus voltage (48 V) using a boost converter. A control signal is then generated and used to adjust the pulse width of the PWM output signal that drives the boost converter switch. The PWM-DISMC is compared to the conventional PWM-SISM using the SimPowerSystems models implemented by MATLAB/Simulink. simulation results show that the proposed PWM-DISMC has better performances, regarding the steady state error of the boost converter, than the performances of the PWM-SISM.

An Advanced Switch Failure Diagnosis Method and Fault Tolerant Strategy in Photovoltaic Boost Converter

—The PV systems have increasingly displayed remarkable usefulness and interest, particularly in a wide range of industrial applications, such as industrial control systems, medical applications and hybrid vehicles. Due to the necessity of systems continuity requirement imposed by these applications, a special careful consideration should be granted to the boost converter reliability performance. Indeed, the boost converter reliability could be affected by a faulty operation essentially related to semiconductor switch used. In this respect, this paper proposes an advanced fast FDM with a FT strategy applied in boost converter PV systems in order to guarantee their continuity. By implementing the FDM and FT strategies on a dSpace real-time system, both types of OCF and SCF in boost converter switch are detected, identified and compensated. The proposed FDM is founded on the signals variations (increase or decrease) of the PV current, voltage and power as well as the duty cycle of the PV system. Accordingly, the PV system cost and complexity dimensions should tend to decrease due to the particular use of current and voltage sensors, dedicated to maintain the systems effective control. Additionally, for the purpose of the FT strategy which is applied under a fault appearance or occurrence, a redundant switch has been incorporated into the original boost converter in order to compensate the fault. Finally, the experimental results prove to confirm the high performance and capability of the proposed FDM and FT strategy in maintaining the PV system continuity.

Non‐linear bifurcation method to determine the boost converter switching frequency

Prior to the design of the feedback system for a boost converter, a suitable switching frequency for the transistor has to be determined. A non-linear method for determining this frequency via an experimental open-loop converter model is studied. Utilising the open-loop model as an investigative tool, two non-linear distinct resonant frequencies have been found to be a source of chaos. This condition for chaos holds when the boost diode's reverse-recovery time, its non-linear capacitance, as well as the inductance are the combined parameters within these frequencies. When the switching frequency is synchronised with these frequencies, ultra-harmonics, period-doublings and sudden transitions to chaos occur for various switching frequency ranges. The dependence equations of our theoretical model that incorporate these resonant frequencies predict the unstable frequency regions. The authors’ numerical method utilises a bifurcation peak-to-peak analysis that detects the waveform periodicity of certain voltage variables. Highly unstable behaviour of the converter is reported both in simulation and in the laboratory. The periodic and non-periodic regions are confirmed by the corresponding computations of the Lyapunov exponent, Poincare sections, frequency spectra and bifurcation diagrams.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Generation of maximum power in PV system using EHO based embedded controller

Photovoltaic (PV) framework’s current–voltage qualities are nonlinear, since, the solar temperature and the resulting randomness in the light of the natural elements. PV for power generation maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is utilized to promote the ability of the setup. The elephant herding optimization (EHO) calculation is introduced by means of Xilinx system generator (XSG) based embedded controller, for get-together maximal power from the PV. Effectuated optimizing is done by focusing on the gain parameters of the proportional integral derivative (PID) using an EHO-based embedded controller to govern the boost converter switching pulse. Through the XSG domain and by validating the proposed approach, the embedded controller was developed; also the switching schemes are tested for the PV supported boost converter. The principal intention of this proposed approach is the maximal power is extricated from PV agglomeration subject to cell temperature and solar radiation in distinction numerous natural situation. Through the PV framework, the predictive framework model is built to the Matlab/Simulink stage and with converter switching signals and was designed utilizing the Xilinx domain interconnected to them. At last, the activity of proposed framework is analyzed with other existence controller.

Performance evaluation of a MPPT controller with model predictive control for a photovoltaic system

ABSTRACT Efficiency has been a major factor in the growth of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Different control techniques have been explored to extract maximum power from PV systems under varying environmental conditions. This paper evaluates the performance of a new improved control technique known as model predictive control (MPC) in power extraction from PV systems. Exploiting the ability of MPC to predict future state of controlled variables, MPC has been implemented for tacking of maximum power point (MPP) of a PV system. Application of MPC for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been found to result into faster tracking of MPP under continuously varying atmospheric conditions providing an efficient system. It helps in reducing unwanted oscillations with an increase in tracking speed. A detailed step by step process of designing a model predictive controller has been discussed. Here, MPC has been applied in conjunction with conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method for controlling the dc-dc boost converter switching, harvesting maximum power from a PV array. The results of MPC controller has been compared with two widely used conventional methods of MPPT, viz. incremental conductance method and P&O method. The MPC controller scheme has been designed, implemented and tested in MATLAB/Simulink environment and has also been experimentally validated using a laboratory prototype of a PV system.

Non-Linear Sliding Mode Controller for Photovoltaic Panels with Maximum Power Point Tracking

In this paper, nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) techniques formulated for extracting maximum power from a solar photovoltaic (PV) system under variable environmental conditions employing the perturb and observe (P and O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique are discussed. The PV system is connected with load through the boost converter. A mathematical model of the boost converter is derived first, and based on the derived model, a SMC is formulated to control the gating pulses of the boost converter switch. The closed loop system stability is verified through the Lyapunov stability theorem. The presented control scheme along with the solar PV system is simulated in MATLAB (matric laboratory) (SMC controller and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) part) and PSIM (Power electronics simulations) (solar PV and MPPT algorithm) environments using the Simcoupler tool. The simulation results of the proposed controller (SMC) are compared with the classical proportional integral derivative (PID) control scheme, keeping system parameters and environmental parameters the same.

Intrinsic Power Management Strategy based improvement of power stability in a single-phase AC–DC converter system

Nowadays the size of the use of electronic devices like laptops, cell phone chargers, electric vehicles and UPS is rapidly increasing. So AC–DC converters need to incorporate the power factor correction along with voltage regulation. There are many AC–DC converter control methods available, but these methods do not perform well. Therefore In this paper, a smooth transformation on switching will be characterized by a high power factor in a single phase AC–DC converter by the use of intrinsic power management strategy. The proposed AC–DC converter's circuit topology is obtained by integrating a boost and buck converter. The Boost Converter's switching frequency does power factor correction to get less current harmonics at the input line. In this single phase AC–DC converter, the buck-boost converter is an important component that increases system power quality based on advanced PWM technique. So in this work, the Intrinsic Power Management Strategy (IPMS) is proposed to enhance the control over the DC–DC converter performance during unstable or transient operation. Rather than making a quick Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, the computerized signal processor just creates a moderate changing DC signal to decide the PWM ramp function. The power factor correction model has been created and simulated by utilizing MATLAB programming. The simulation model demonstrates that the power factor is improved and the converter has regulated DC output voltage. To validate this simulation, a 1000 W prototype converter has been developed to feed a DC motor and the analysis of the results are presented.

Proposed Topology for Voltage Sag Mitigation with New Control Strategy

voltage sags represent the greatest threat to the sensitive loads of industrial consumers, the microprocessor based-loads, and any electrical sensitive components. In this paper, a special topology is proposed to mitigate deep and long duration sags by using a modified AC to AC boost converter with a new control method. A boost converter is redesigned with a single switch to produces an output voltage that is linearly proportional to the duty cycle of the switch. On the other hand, the proposed control system is based on introducing a mathematical model that relates the missing voltage to the duty cycle of the boost converter switch. The simulation results along with the system analysis are presented to confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed circuit.

Conduction Loss Analysis According to Variation of Resonant Parameters in a Zero-Current Switching Boost Converter

In this paper, conduction loss analysis of a zero-current switching (ZCS) boost converter with variations of the resonant parameters in the auxiliary circuit is performed. Generally, the auxiliary circuit for soft switching of the main device generates additional losses. An improperly designed auxiliary circuit part cannot improve the efficiency of the overall system and, even make it worse. For this reason, an auxiliary resonant circuit should be designed based on the selected parameters through accurate and detailed analysis. First, a design procedure considering practical aspects to implement ZCS is proposed in this paper. Equations associated with additional conduction losses caused by resonant parameters are proposed through a mathematical analysis. The conduction losses at various design values of the resonance parameters are calculated and compared through the proposed equations. To verify the proposed analysis, the experimental results about additional conduction loss analysis with the variations in the resonant parameters of the auxiliary circuit for soft switching implementation are provided.

Research on Application of Non-Isolated Three-Port Switching Boost Converter in Photovoltaic Power Generation System

This paper presents a non-isolated three-port switching boost converter and applies it to photovoltaic systems. The topology combines the characteristics of the switching boost network. By controlling three degrees of freedom, the ports have boost, buck, and buck-boost characteristics. It expands the three-port converter (TPC) working range with the advantages of simple structure, small size, and low cost. The operating mode and power flow direction of the TPC are determined according to the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system. Analyses of the working state of the topology in different working modes further verify the power flow of the system and explain its control strategy to complete the smooth switching of different working modes. Finally, the correctness of the above theory and its feasibility in photovoltaic system are verified by simulation and experiment.

Application of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method as MPPT Photovoltaic for DC Source Storage

This paper shows the details of the design of DC-DC Boost Converter as the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). This technique is used to optimize the potential of energy generated by photovoltaics. The changing of the duty cycle in the switching Boost Converter process will affect the amount of photovoltaic (PV) power output. Boost Converter is chosen because the output voltage of PV arrays is smaller than the DC source storage one. In this study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm has been applied as a method to search as Maximum Power Point (MPP). ANN learning data has been used to adjust the duty cycle of Boost Converter so that the Boost Converter output voltage and current change and the output power reaches MPP, which is the target data. The design results have been implemented using 3 pieces of PV, each one having 100WP of power. The experimental results show that the proposed method can optimize PV output power for DC source storage with an average power increase of 56.22% compared to PV output power without using MPPT control.