Monitoring of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Modeling with Boost Converter

Abstract

Energy plays a very important role in human life. Every year, the demand for energy needs continues to increase and the majority of energy generation uses fossil fuels. So we need an energy source that is environmentally friendly. One of the environmentally friendly energy sources is a fuel cell. Fuel cells can produce electrical energy at a lower cost than the electrical energy generated by conventional power grids. In making a fuel cell system, a modeling is needed so that the fuel cell system can work properly and in accordance with the desired specifications. One method for modeling a fuel cell system is to use MATLAB. The use of a DC-DC boost converter with a properly designed closed loop PID controller has a very important role in regulating the PWM of the DC-DC boost converter switch and plays a very important role in controlling power regulation. In this research, a modeling analysis of NEXATM 1.2 kW hydrogen fuel cell with a DC-DC boost converter controlled by a PID controller was carried out for a compact Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) design. The purpose of this research is to model and analyze the characteristics of the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell system and the performance of the PID controller in regulating the DC-DC boost converter output voltage on the hydrogen fuel cell. The results showed that the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell was influenced by the pressure of oxygen gas, hydrogen, and temperature. The greater the value of oxygen gas pressure, hydrogen gas pressure, and temperature on the fuel cell, the greater the voltage and current output of the fuel cell. The simulation results show the fuel cell output voltage is 47.89 V with an error percentage of 4.22%, and the fuel cell output current is 23.94 A with an error percentage of 0.25%, and the fuel cell output power is 1147 W with an error percentage of 4.12%. The performance of the PID controller with the DC-DC boost converter in regulating the fuel cell output voltage is very good. This is indicated by the results of the response curve for the fuel cell output current, namely the value of rise time (tr) of 4 seconds, delay time (td) of 0.2 seconds, peak time (tp) of 4 seconds, settling time (ts) of 4 seconds, and a maximum overshoot (Mp) of 0%. For output voltage, the value of rise time (tr) is 4 seconds, delay time (td) is 0.2 seconds, peak time (tp) is 4 seconds, settling time (ts) is 4 seconds, and maximum overshoot (Mp) is 0% with the parameter value Proportional (P) of 0.001, Integral (I) of 10, and Derivative (D) of 0.