Balance Exercises Research Articles

Feasibility of using a depth camera or pressure mat for visual feedback balance training with functional electrical stimulation

Individuals with incomplete spinal-cord injury/disease are at an increased risk of falling due to their impaired ability to maintain balance. Our research group has developed a closed-loop visual-feedback balance training (VFBT) system coupled with functional electrical stimulation (FES) for rehabilitation of standing balance (FES + VFBT system); however, clinical usage of this system is limited by the use of force plates, which are expensive and not easily accessible. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a more affordable and accessible sensor such as a depth camera or pressure mat in place of the force plate. Ten able-bodied participants (7 males, 3 females) performed three sets of four different standing balance exercises using the FES + VFBT system with the force plate. A depth camera and pressure mat collected centre of mass and centre of pressure data passively, respectively. The depth camera showed higher Pearson's correlation (r > 98) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE < 10 mm) than the pressure mat (r > 0.82; RMSE < 4.5 mm) when compared with the force plate overall. Stimulation based on the depth camera showed lower RMSE than that based on the pressure mat relative to the FES + VFBT system. The depth camera shows potential as a replacement sensor to the force plate for providing feedback to the FES + VFBT system.

The Differences in Effect Between Back Massage Therapy and Gym Ball on Back Pain in Pregnant Women Third trimester

The Differences in Effect Between Back Massage Therapy and Gym Ball on Back Pain in Pregnant Women Third trimester

The use of the swiss ball in labor: producing knowledge through the Instagram

In Brazilian society, in recent years, women's social movements and government initiatives have increased natural childbirth in public and private institutions. In this context, obstetric nursing care technologies are implemented to promote pain relief for women during labor, including the Swiss ball. However, in professional experience, it is clear that the population is unaware of its use, benefits and possibilities, considering that the Swiss ball is only presented when women are in labor. Thus, the objective was to exchange knowledge to clarify the use of the Swiss ball by women in labor. It is based that activities carried out on the internet presuppose: knowledge about the other; reciprocal and sporadic collaboration; solidarity sharing of activities and resources and trust association, through an agreement to share objectives. Therefore, the method chosen was a digital communication channel, Instagram, @universodaobstetricia, created on April 14, 2020, shared with 2,025 female internet users who voluntarily interacted with the creator in: forums, conversation circles, polls, quizzes and educational posts. Among the results obtained: 149 women know that the Swiss ball is recommended by Rede Cegonha, but 119 do not know this fact; 75 women learned about the use of the Swiss ball through social media, while 33 women only found out about its use on the day of birth. However, 119 women expressed that they were not aware that the Swiss ball is recommended as a “good practice” of care in obstetric care. It is concluded that the exchange of knowledge is an essential tool for the conscious choice of shared care during labor and that it is necessary for health professionals to develop creative, innovative and bold pedagogical initiatives to strengthen the interface between communication, science and society.

Exercise Intervention and Hospital-Associated Disability

Inpatient exercise interventions may prevent, at least partly, hospital-associated disability (HAD) in older adults, but whether they also confer clinical benefits in the months following discharge is unclear. To examine the association of exercise and health education with HAD incidence in hospitalized older adults receiving acute hospital care at discharge and 3 months later. This single-center open-label, nonrandomized controlled clinical trial included patients aged 75 years or older seen at an acute care for elders unit at a tertiary public hospital in Madrid, Spain, from May 1, 2018, to June 30, 2022. Patients were allocated to an intervention or control group. Both groups received usual care, but the intervention group also performed a supervised multicomponent exercise program (daily strength, balance, and walking exercises along with inspiratory muscle training) during hospitalization and received health education on how to exercise at home and telephone counseling during follow-up. The primary outcome was HAD incidence (determined by the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living [hereafter, Katz Index]) at discharge and after 3 months compared with baseline (ie, 2 weeks before admission). Secondary outcomes included HAD incidence determined by the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living, ambulatory capacity decline at discharge and follow-up, changes in physical performance at discharge, and incidence of falls, readmissions, and mortality during the follow-up period. The study included 260 patients (134 women [51.5%]; mean [SD] age, 87.4 [4.9] years [range, 75-105 years]; median hospital length of stay, 7 days [IQR, 5-10 days]), of whom 130 received the intervention and 130 were in the control group. Differences in HAD incidence did not reach statistical significance at discharge (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.37-1.05; P = .08) or follow-up (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.36-1.17; P = .15) when using the Katz Index. A lower HAD incidence was observed in the intervention group at discharge (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.81; P = .01) and at follow-up (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20-0.66; P = .001) when using the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living. The intervention was also associated with a lesser decline in ambulatory capacity (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.96; P = .03) and improved physical performance at discharge (Cohen d, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.12-0.65; P = .004). No significant associations were observed for readmissions, falls, or mortality. In this nonrandomized controlled clinical trial, an exercise and health education intervention was not significantly associated with reduced HAD incidence when measured by the Katz Index. However, the benefits found for several secondary outcomes might support the implementation of in-hospital exercise programs for older patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03604640.

Effects of Balance and Strength Training for Ankle Proprioception in People with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Study.

After an ankle sprain, the ligament and joint capsule are damaged, and as a result, proprioceptive sense is damaged, causing a feeling of giving away in the ankle and resulting in recurrent sprains. Given the relevant studies, it has been seen that people with chronic ankle instability (CAI) commonly have deficits in joint position sense and reinjury risks. Joint position sense plays an important role in ankle control, thereby reducing the risk of injury. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of balance and strength training on ankle proprioception in people with CAI. This single-blind randomized controlled study included 29 volunteer participants (21 women and eight men) aged 18 to 30 years. Participants with a Cumberland ankle instability scale score less than or equal to 24 were randomly divided into two treatment groups: strength training (n = 14) and balance training (n = 15). Y balance test, joint position, and vibration sense were evaluated at the beginning and end of the treatment. "Hop to stabilization" exercises were applied to the balance group and resistive bands exercises to the strength group, which were performed for 6 weeks, 35 minutes per day, two times per week. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions of the Y balance test (P = .89, P = .50, and P = .34, respectively), but the strength training group showed significant improvement in ankle proprioception (140°) and vibration sense (fifth finger) (P < .001), and the post hoc Cohen's d effect size values were medium (.52) and small (.25), respectively. The findings of this study show that strengthening and balance exercises have similar effects on dynamic balance, but strengthening exercises are more effective in improving joint position and vibration sense. Given the positive effects of both exercise programs, it is recommended to implement the two interventions separately or together for CAI rehabilitation.

Efficacy of Mindfulness Exercises for Primary Osteoporosis Pain and Balance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Mindfulness exercise has shown great benefits for patients with osteoporosis. However, there are various types of mindfulness exercises and no studies have compared their efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mindfulness exercises on pain and balance in patients with primary osteoporosis. Articles published in 10 English and three Chinese language databases from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2022, were systematically searched. Twenty-two studies (N =1,603) of five types of mindfulness exercises (Pilates, Ba Duan Jin, Wu Qin Xi, Tai Chi, and Yi Jin Jing) were eligible for this meta-analysis. Evidence from this review indicated that all five of the mindfulness exercises included in this study effectively reduced pain and improved balance for patients with primary osteoporosis. Pilates had the highest value of surface under the cumulative ranking as the best intervention. Future studies could consider developing a standard guideline for mindfulness exercise to be incorporated into osteoporosis rehabilitation.

A quantitative study to assess cardiovascular risks among older African American women living in rural black belt areas of Alabama.

Limited information is available regarding the knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)risk factors and the actual risk behaviors among African American (AA) older women living in rural areas of Alabama. A pilot study of needs assessment for CVD prevention behaviors was conducted to collect such data from rural AA women. This paper reports the quantitative part of the needs assessment of this pilot study. We recruited participants (N=30) using convenience sampling.Data collection measures included: i) American Heart Association's CVD-related knowledge questionnaire, ii) Five Times Sit to Stand Test to measure dynamic balance and iii) Six minute walk test (6MWT) to assess exercise endurance iv) standard weighing scale to measure body weight and v) standard measurements scale to measure height. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The majority (76%) of participants had hypertension (70%), diabetes (60%), poor balance (70%), and low exercise endurance (100%). Most of the participants had low knowledge related to CVD risk factors. This study demonstrated the need to conduct a large-scale study to assess knowledge related to heart health and the actual needs and preferences of these individuals. Conducting such a study would lay the foundation for developing a need-based program for these underserved individuals while incorporating their preferences and the strategies that would help engage them in a heart health intervention.

Protocol of a 12-week eHealth programme designed to reduce concerns about falling in community-living older people: Own Your Balance randomised controlled trial

IntroductionConcerns about falling (CaF) are common in older people and have been associated with avoidance of activities of daily life. Exercise designed to prevent falls can reduce CaF, but the...

Partial Ossicular Reconstruction With a Novel Ball Joint Prosthesis: The mCLIP ARC Partial Prosthesis.

Middle ear surgery involves reconstruction of the ossicular chain, predominately using rigid implants. New middle ear prostheses strive to mimic the physiologic micromovements of the ossicular chain and prevent dislocation, protrusion, and preloading of the annular ligament due to pressure fluctuations. Thirty-five patients were included in a monocentric, prospective observational study. Patients received tympanoplasty with ossicular reconstruction using the mCLIP ARC partial prosthesis. This titanium prosthesis is equipped with a clip mechanism for coupling at the stapes and a ball joint connecting headplate and shaft. At short-term (ST) and mid-term (MT) follow-up, pure-tone audiometry was performed and the pure tone average of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz (PTA4) was calculated. The audiological outcome was compared with retrospective data of the Dresden titanium clip prosthesis. The new prosthesis shows favorable clinical results. Pure-tone audiometry showed satisfactory results in ST and MT follow-up, with the PTA4 air-bone gap (ABG) decreasing from 24.5 (±11) dB to 17.4 (±7.9) dB at the ST follow-up at 27 days to 15.6 (±10.3) dB at MT follow-up at 196 days (n = 32). A PTA4-ABG value of less than 20 dB was achieved by 63% of patients at ST follow-up and by 77% at MT follow-up. There was no significant difference in PTA4 ABG compared to the Dresden titanium clip prosthesis during ST follow-up (p = 0.18). The mCLIP ARC partial prosthesis, a new middle ear prosthesis with a balanced ball joint, shows promising audiological results and is a safe and effective choice for patients with chronic ear disease. 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3323-3328, 2024.

1880 Improving physical activity in hospitalised older people: The Saints Foundation - University Hospital Southampton Partnership

Abstract Introduction Deconditioning in the acute setting is associated with adverse outcomes, that cannot always be mitigated by increasingly stretched MDT workforce. We partnered with the Saints Foundation (SF), to test the feasibility and acceptability of a non-clinical Exercise Practitioner (EP) to work alongside therapies to promote physical activity (PA) of hospitalised older people. Methods Charity funded joint appointment of an NVQ3 EP with Postural stability Instructor (PSI) qualifications delivered quality education and rehabilitation programmes to hospitalised older patients. These took place in both one to one and gym-based group settings whilst working with the SF team to improve access to community-based exercise programmes. Results Between Sept 2022 and May 2023, the EP assessed 169 patients, mean age 86 yrs; male (62%), admitted after a fall. 105 patients (62%) underwent one to one rehabilitation consisting of falls education and individual exercise plans, 64 patients (38%) underwent gym-based rehabilitation, where strengthening and balance exercises were conducted in groups to improve overall function and increase confidence in functional ability. No adverse safety incidents were reported and a high level of satisfaction after interaction with the EP was conveyed. Initial focus was on patient feedback and satisfaction to ensure input o+- f an EP was well received and accepted. Conclusion Intervention by a non-clinical EP to improve the PA of hospitalised older people is acceptable, feasible, appears to be safe and is associated with increased patient satisfaction. By capitalising on SF expertise, we provided a clinical standard on exercise for older adults and built a strong relationship between our workforce to bridge community and acute services. Next steps are to increase the scope of interventions, evaluate quality of life pre and post hospitalisation, capture trust level metrics including length of stay, readmission rates and discharge destination to further evaluate the impact on service users.

Comparison of Hatha Yoga and Elderly Exercise in Functional Balance of the Elderly

Background: Physical changes with age affect functional balance. Hatha Yoga, a common balance exercise for the elderly, is not widely known among them, despite its numerous benefits. This study aims to compare Hatha Yoga and elderly exercise to improve functional balance in the elderly.Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial with 26 participants divided into two groups: the Hatha Yoga group (n=13) and the elderly exercise group (n=13). Both groups engaged in three-week exercises for six weeks, with balance measured before and after the intervention using the BBS.Results: There was an increase in BBS scores before and after treatment in the elderly exercise group (p&lt;0.001) and in the Hatha Yoga group (p=0.001). The BBS value of the Hatha Yoga group (42.00 ± 0.58) was higher than that of the elderly exercise group (41.92 ± 0.86) at the start of the study, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.953). At the end of the study, the BBS score in the Hatha Yoga group (55.08 ± 0.86) was higher than that of the elderly exercise (50.54 ± 1.76) and the difference was significant (p &lt;0.001). The difference in the score of Hatha Yoga (13.08 ± 0.76) compared to elderly exercise (8.62 ± 1.61) results in a significant p &lt;0.001.Conclusion: Hatha Yoga improves better balance than elderly exercises to improve the functional balance of eldersKeywords: Berg Balance Scale, eldery, functional balance, Hatha Yoga, senam lansia

Psychosocial and Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity in Korean Adults.

Using hypothesized structural equation modeling, we investigated contributions to physical activity (PA) from psychological, social, and environmental variables. Participants were 768 adults aged 30 years or older (men = 353, women = 415; Mage = 42.51, SD = 10.21years) living in Jungrang-gu, Seoul. To assess psychological, social, and environmental variables, respondents completed scales measuring self-efficacy, decisional balance, social support, physical environment, and leisure time exercise. We found that psychological, social, and environmental variables had a statistically significant effect on PA, with psychological variables mediating the effects of social and physical environmental variables on PA. These findings lend support to the assumed internal and external validity of the social ecological model (SEM) as an explanation for PA.

Comparing the Effect of Swiss Ball and Mckenzie Exercise among Football Players with Non-Symptomatic Anterior Pelvic Tilt

Background: The anterior pelvic tilt is characterized by ASIS rotating inferiorly in relation to the PSIS or beingpositioned lower than the PSIS in the sagittal plane. When compared to non-athletes, football players are morelikely to have a higher anterior pelvic tilt angle. The anterior pelvic tilt experienced by football players may makethem more prone to musculoskeletal problems.Purpose: This study is intended to compare the effects of Swiss ball and McKenzie exercise on a sample of footballplayers who have an anterior pelvic tilt without any symptoms.Materials and Methods: 30 Subjects who were selected in the stadium under Shai physio clinic based on inclusioncriteria. They were divided equally among two groups. Group A (n=15) subjects were managed with Swiss Ballexercise and Group B (n= 15) subjects were managed with McKenzie exercise. The subjects were evaluated usingAngulus ROM software. Study period:October 2022 to June 2023.Results: In Group A (Swiss Ball), the post-test mean value was 10.80 (2.27), significantly lower compared withGroup B (Mckenzie Exercise), 16.33 (3.04). This demonstrates the correction of excessive anterior tilt amongfootball players in Group-A following Swiss Ball Therapy. However, the subjects in both groups were found tohave a significantly decreased anterior tilting of the pelvis now exists following the interventions in Group A(Swiss Ball) and Group B (Mckenzie Exercise).Conclusion: According to the present study’s findings, participants with anterior pelvic tilt responded well toboth the interventions. Nonetheless the subjects who used a Swiss ball exercise were found to have correction inanterior pelvic tilt more quickly than those who performed the McKenzie exercise.

Efficacy of Swiss Ball Exercise and Resistance Training in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Women of reproductive age are frequently affected with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome,an endocrine disorder that causes anovulation and infertility. There is a paucity in the evidence ofcomparing the effectiveness of the Swiss ball and resistance training among PCOS subjects.Purpose: To compare the effect of Swiss ball exercise and Resistance training in symptoms femaleswith Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.Materials and Method: A total of 30 subjects were selected from Private Institute. As outcomemeasures, the menstrual irregularity questionnaire (MIQ), BMI, and abdominal girth measurementwere used. Subjects were divided randomly into resistance training group (n = 15) received exerciseswith dumbbells and Swiss ball training group (n = 15) received exercises with Swiss ball, in additionto aerobic exercise.Results: Females with PCOS symptoms in RTG experienced statistically significant improvement inBMI from 28.3 ± 3.3 to 25.3 ± 3.3, in Abdominal girth 93.6 ± 4.6 to 88.8 ± 4.6, in MIQ 18.3 ± 3.8 to 13.5 ±3.3, with a p value of &lt; 0.05 than in SBG which had BMI from 28.3 ± 3.7 to 27.9 ± 3.5, Abdominal girth93.6 ± 5.3 to 92.6 ± 5.3, MIQ 18.1 ± 3.5 to 16.4 ± 3.8, with a p value &lt; 0.05.Conclusion: In comparison to a Swiss ball exercise, resistance training programme combined withaerobic activity is more effective at helping women with PCOS symptoms.

Awareness Through Movement and Swiss Ball Exercise on Muscle Weakness among Subjects with Postural Syndrome

Background: A general definition of Postural syndrome is a lack of muscle strength or the quality or quantityof movements. This is typically accompanied by one or more of the following all of the joints in the body havean effect on body posture, which is the alignment of a person’s body parts with respect to one another and theirsurroundings at a specific moment in time.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Awareness through movements and swiss ball exercise on posturalsyndrome patients.Materials and Methods: A total of 28 individuals were chosen based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from SaiCharan physiotherapy clinic ,Arakkonam, Ranipet, Tamil Nadu ,India. After explaining the treatment’s safety andease of use to the participants, a signed agreement was acquired. Group A [14N] Awareness through movementsare given GroupB[14N] Swiss ball movements are given. The pre test and post test results were obtained throughPatient specific functional scale.Study duration : 4 Weeks . The entire process was performed from November 2022to March 2023.Results: As a result, swiss ball exercise is more effective than awareness through movement by analyzing thestatistical values of pre test and post test.Conclusion: The study’s goal is to evaluate its effects. of swiss ball movement exercise and awareness throughmovements postural syndrome individuals in the society.

Effectiveness of Task Oriented Training and Swiss Ball Exercise on Balance among Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Patients: A Comparative Study

Background: This study was developed to determine the effectiveness of task oriented training and swiss ballexercise on balance among middle cerebral artery stroke patients.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of task oriented training and swiss ball exercise on balance among middlecerebral artery stroke patients.Materials and Methods: This research is an experimental study. The 30 subjects obtained from SaiCharan PhysioCentre were split into two distinct groups as Group A (15 Subjects) and Group B (15 subjects). All the 30 subjectswere assessed with Trunk Impairment Scale as a pre test and the same test was performed for post test at the endof 4 weeks following the intervention protocol. Group A received task oriented training and Group B receivedSwiss ball exercise along with convention therapy given for both the groups. Exercise were given for 4 weeks, 5days per week, 10 repetition * 3 sets. Pre test and post test values were calculated and tabulated. The entire periodwas performed from November 2022 to March 2023.Result: Statistical analysis of Trunk Impairment Scale Examination post values revealed the constantly significantdifferences, With the P value of &lt;0.0001.Conclusion: Task oriented training with conventional therapy is more effective on enhancing the trunk balanceamong MCA Stroke patients than either using Swiss ball exercise with conventional therapy.

Effects of Static Somatosensory Balance Training Versus Bosu Ball Training on Balance For Institutional Elderly Population

Background: As individuals age, balance becomes a critical aspect of daily tasks, involving the integration ofsensory feedback for movement planning and execution. The aging process leads to gradual degeneration,increasing the risk of falls and associated mortality rates among seniors. Falls can result in debilitating injuries,signalling the onset of various health issues and potentially leading to a cycle of decline in physical function.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of static somatosensory physical activity for the state of equilibrium andbosu ball sessions on elderly individuals. These activities can help improve balance.They cannot really addressfear or dread as those are psychological in nature.Materials and Methods: The 30 subjects were obtained from Neo Education Social Awareness And ManagementSociety (NESAM) Old Age Home between the ages of 60 and 70 were selected based on selection criteria andassigned to two groups. The inclusion criteria encompassed participants with scores between 35 and 45 on the BergBalance Scale (BBS) and a score of four on the fall risk assessment questionnaire. Group A underwent 30-minuteBOSU ball exercises. Group B received static somatosensory balance exercises. Study period : November 2022 toJuly 2023.Result: The study’s results revealed that both groups exhibited significant improvements in equilibrium, with ap-value &lt; 0.001. However, the BOSU ball group showed more notable enhancements than the static somatosensorybalance exercises group.Conclusion: In conclusion, both BOSU ball sessions and static somatosensory sessions were effective in enhancingbalance in elderly individuals. Nonetheless, BOSU ball exercises were found to be superior in improvingequilibrium.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Progressive Resistance Exercise in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Among Insomnia: A Comparative Study

Background: A general definition of insomnia is a lack of satisfaction with either the quality or quantity of sleep.This is typically accompanied by one or more of the following: difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep,difficulties awakening frequently or having trouble going back to sleep after awakening, and difficulty awakeningin the early morning and having trouble going back to sleep.Purpose: To compare the effect of aerobic and progressive resistance exercise in Pittsburgh sleep quality indexamong patients with insomniaMaterials and Methods: This was an experimental study. The 30 subjects were taken from the srisaithajam oldage home.The subjects were split into two distinct groups as Group A (15 Subjects) and Group B (15 subjects). Allthe 30 subjects were assessed with Trunk Impairment Scale . Group A received task oriented training and GroupB received Swiss ball exercise along with convention therapy given for both the groups. Exercise were given for4 weeks, 5 days per week, 10 repetition * 3 sets. Pre test and post test values were calculated and tabulated.Theintervention was given four weeks. The study period was from September 2022 to July 2023.Results: The collected data was statistically analyzed using an unpaired t-test. When comparing the Aerobicgroup(Group A) to the progressive resistance group(Group B), the aerobic group indicates significant effects (p0.01) in Insomnia and improving the quality of life as assessed by the Pittsburgh Scale Quality Index amongInsomniaConclusion: According to the research Resistance exercise training is less effective than aerobic exercise trainingat reducing inflammation and improving sleep quality in subjects with insomnia.

Effectiveness of Swiss Ball Exercise Compared to Mat Exercise on Pelvic Girdle Pain in Antenatal Women

Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is pain that occurs frequently in the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), which connects thegluteal fold and the posterior iliac crest, and can spread to the hips and thighs. Pubic symphysis discomfort andPGP can either occur simultaneously or separately. The symptoms of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) include pain andimpairment.Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of Swiss ball exercises against mat exercises in alleviating Pelvic Girdlepregnancy-related pain.Materials and Methods: After receiving a thorough description of the study’s objectives, 30 Women were chosenfrom Saveetha Medical College and Hospital based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Oswestry DisabilityIndex 2.0 (ODI) and Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) measurements of pain and disability were utilised asoutcome measures. Subjects were divided randomly into groups Swiss ball exercises (n=15) and Mat exercises(n=15).Results: The statistical evaluation of Swiss ball exercises and mat exercises yields the following results: Wediscovered a substantial decrease in Impairment and discomfort, ODI scores (p=0.0029), and PGQ scores (p=0.0001)in the Swiss ball exercise group.Conclusion: At the end of the study, it shows that Swiss ball exercises can be used to treat individuals who havepelvic girdle pain when pregnant.

Effects of BOSU Ball Exercises Versus Wobble Board Exercises on Pain and Balance in Individuals with Pes Planus

Background: Pes planus, usually called flat foot is a deformity that causes the medial longitudinal arch to collapseand makes the foot flat to the floor level. Flat feet may be caused by aging, pregnancy, heredity, physiologicalcondition or an injury to the foot ligaments. Weight-bearing exercises are performed on an unstable surface suchas wobble board and BOSU ball as part of the balance board training technique.Purpose: To find out the effect of BOSU ball exercises versus wobble board exercises among individuals with pesplanus.Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 was taken using a navicular drop test on the arch of the foot, NPRS on pain,and Berg balance scale on balance. According to the selection criteria for the study which was divided into twogroups, a BOSU ball with ultrasound (n=15) and wobble board with ultrasound (n=15) were given. Interventionswere given as 6 sessions a week for 2 weeks. The entire process was performed from November 2022 to April 2023.Result: The mean value of BOSU ball exercises at the post-test was found to be higher than the mean value ofwobble board exercises with a p-value of &lt;0.0001.Conclusion: The study concludes that the BOSU ball with ultrasound therapy has a higher positive outcome inmanaging pes planus.