Swimming Ability Of Fish Research Articles

Swimming ability and behavior of Mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala and application to fishway design

AB Aquatic Biology Contact the journal Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections AB 27:127-132 (2018) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00702 Swimming ability and behavior of Mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala and application to fishway design Lu Cai 1, Yiqun Hou1, David Johnson1,2, Ping Zhao1, Peng Zhang1,3,* 1Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, PR China 2School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ferrum College, Ferrum, VA 24088, USA 3State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China *Corresponding author: zhang860214@foxmail.com ABSTRACT: To mitigate the impact of river fragmentation on fish resulting from dams, specifically the fragmentation of Indian rivers, the design and construction of high-efficiency fishways is important. Information on fish swimming ability and behavior is necessary to develop design criteria for the target species, Cirrhinus mrigala, a cyprinid native to India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Swimming ability and behavior data for the genus are limited. To augment existing information, the swimming ability and behavior of juvenile C. mrigala were investigated by determining their induced flow velocity (Uind), critical swimming speed (Ucrit), and burst speed (Uburst) in a swimming respirometer. To facilitate application to fishway design, swimming assessment data were converted to a cumulative response; for Uind, it is the cumulative percentage of fish swimming against the current at a given velocity, and for Ucrit and Uburst, it is the percentage of fish able to maintain a given velocity for the specified time interval without fatigue. Results include 2 primary findings. (1) The cumulative response velocity (%) of fish induced to swim, or reach fatigue, increased with flow velocity. The cumulative velocity is useful for developing fishway design criteria. (2) The mean values of Uind, Ucrit, and Uburst were 0.427 ± 0.013, 2.768 ± 0.146 and 3.493 ± 0.121 body lengths s-1 (±SE). The values of Ucrit and Uburst indicate that the swimming ability of C. mrigala is relatively low for a cyprinid. KEY WORDS: Flow velocity · Induction · Fatigue · Swimming performance Full text in pdf format PreviousCite this article as: Cai L, Hou Y, Johnson D, Zhao P, Zhang P (2018) Swimming ability and behavior of Mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala and application to fishway design. Aquat Biol 27:127-132. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00702 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AB Vol. 27. Online publication date: December 12, 2018 Print ISSN: 1864-7782; Online ISSN: 1864-7790 Copyright © 2018 Inter-Research.

Effects of water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen on the swimming ability of Japanese pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes juveniles

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 水温、盐度和溶氧对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼游泳能力的影响 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 大连海洋大学 辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心, 辽宁 大连 116023 作者简介: 于晓明(1981-),男,博士,副教授.E-mail:yxm@dlou.edu.cn 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S917 基金项目: 农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室开放课题（2014MSENCKF15）；辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究项目（L2014285）；辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划项目（2015007）；大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目（2016RQ067） Effects of water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen on the swimming ability of Japanese pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes juveniles Author: Affiliation: Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了考查水温、盐度和溶氧对红鳍东方鲀（）幼鱼游泳能力的影响，测定了其在不同水温[15.2、20.2、25.6（对照）和30.4℃]、盐度[0、10、20、32（对照）和40]和溶氧[2.14、4.10、5.81和7.36 mg/L（对照）]条件下的临界游速和最大游速。结果表明，水温和溶氧含量均显著影响实验鱼的临界游速和最大游速（crit，cm/s）和最大游速（ 2+5.450=-0.018<0.01）。溶氧含量（DO，mg/L）与临界游速和最大游速也均呈二次函数关系，关系式分别为=0.995（R2=0.985（>0.05）。结论认为，低温和缺氧会降低红鳍东方鲀放流苗种的游泳能力，进而降低其放流后的捕食成功率，提高被捕食概率。 Abstract:We investigated the effects of water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content on the swimming ability of juvenile tiger puffer , cm/s) and maximum swimming speed (was determined under different temperatures (15.2℃, 20.2℃, 25.6℃ and 30.4℃), salinities (0, 10, 20, 32 and 40), and DO content (2.14 mg/L, 4.10 mg/L, 5.81 mg/L and 7.36 mg/L). The both increased as water temperature ( increased from 13.12 to 29.07 cm/s; increased from 17.51 to 37.38 cm/s. The relationship between could be interpreted with quadratic models, as: 2=0.995 (T-12.27, Umax also increased as DO was increased from 2.14 to 7.36 mg/L: increased from 16.43 to 33.65 cm/s. The relationship between DO and could be interpreted with quadratic models, as: =0.995 (+11.10DO-3.919, <0.01). The salinity challenges had no significant effects upon of the juvenile tiger puffer (>0.05). Temperature is known to strongly influence the contractile properties of muscles. According to "compression of the recruitment order theory", recruiting all of a fish's aerobic fibers at a lower speed results in reduced sustainable performance. The effects of temperature on the physical properties of water may also affect fish swimming ability. The viscosity of water decreases as temperature increases, and this may increase the swimming efficiency of fish in warmer waters. The swimming ability of juvenile tiger puffer might be limited by the cardiorespiratory system in response to hypoxia as a result of impaired functioning of the oxygen transport and exchange system. Furthermore, as another response to hypoxia, increases in respiratory frequency to improve the absorbance of oxygen must evoke an additional energy cost to the animal. The absence of any significant changes in the of the juvenile tiger puffer following the various salinity challenges could be a direct result of this species' exceptional ability for maintaining plasma homeostasis and water balance in the tissues. In natural environments, lower temperatures and hypoxia would reduce the swimming ability of juvenile tiger puffer and thereby weaken their predation and/or predator-avoidance capacity. These findings increase our understanding of the biology and ecology of the tiger puffer, and may be useful for enhancing stocks of this near-threatened species. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Feasibility of Passive Integrated Transponder and Acoustic Tagging for Endangered Adult Delta Smelt

AbstractConservation and recovery of endangered species requires timely and defensible data to predict their responses to management actions. In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, the population of Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a species of management concern, has declined to a record low. Alternative research strategies are now sought to determine the efficacy of management actions. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of tagging cultured adult Delta Smelt as a potential surrogate for wild fish in field experiments. Preliminary experiments determined that anesthesia of Delta Smelt in 35 mg/L AQUI‐S 20E for 4 min best facilitated tagging. The 28‐d survival of Delta Smelt (n = 39) intracoelomically injected with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags (8.4 mm, 0.03 g) was high (95%) and did not differ from untagged control fish; tag retention was 97%. Survival of Delta Smelt with injected (n = 40) and surgically inserted (n = 40) dummy acoustic transmitters (15.0 mm, 0.22 g) was significantly lower than PIT‐tagged and control fish, with only 60% surviving tag injection and 50% surviving surgical tag insertion. Surviving fish had high tag retention (injected: 95%; surgically inserted: 100%). Although not quantified, observational data suggested that the swimming ability of fish with acoustic tags was impaired. These results indicate that cultured Delta Smelt injected with PIT tags provide resource managers with a readily available wild surrogate to examine management actions in the delta. However, acoustic tags, which provide more detailed information on movement patterns, must be made smaller to reduce effects on survival before they can be used successfully in Delta Smelt. Logistic regression suggested that achievement of high survival (&gt;90%) would require a tag mass: body mass ratio below 0.02.Received January 27, 2016; accepted May 25, 2016 Published online September 13, 2016

Mapping QTLs for swimming ability related traits in Cyprinus carpio L.

Body height (BH), head length (HL), snout length (SL), and tail length (TL) are important traits related with swimming ability of fish. Therefore, improving these traits will increase the production which is the basic goal of aquaculture breeding. To understand the genetic basis of swimming ability related traits in Cyprinus carpio L., a high-density linkage map spanning 3,301cM in 50 linkage groups was utilized for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Mapping family comprised 190 offspring and 627 molecular markers were genotyped with average distance of 5.6cM. A total of 15 QTLs including four (qBH13, qBH30, qBH33, qBH48) for BH, four (qHL10, qHL18, qHL29, qHL48) for HL, three (qSL24, qSL27, qSL45) for SL, and four (qTL15, qTL17, qTL18, qTL44) for TL were detected on 13 linkage groups LG10, LG13, LG15, LG17, LG18, LG24, LG27, LG29, LG30, LG33, LG44, LG45, and LG48. Each LG consisted on single QTL except LG18 and LG48. LG18 was found with two QTLs associated with HL and TL. While LG48 was comprised, the QTLs related with BH and HL. The phenotype variance was recorded from 12.6 to 40.6%. Five QTLs, qHL48, qSL45, qTL15, qTL18, and qTL44, explained phenotype variance of >20% with a significant levels of 0.047, 0.049, 0.037, 0.025, and 0.023, respectively. The neighbored loci of these QTLs were considered as main region of chromosomes controlling the traits. These identified genetic regions will be the main source of discovering gene(s) associated with swimming ability related traits in C. carpio L.

Hydraulic Resistance of Emergent Macroroughness at Large Froude Numbers: Design of Nature-Like Fishpasses

The mean flow in a nature-like fishpass can be highly modified by the Froude number. It is important to understand this evolution to correctly design the structure. The studied configuration is an emergent staggered arrangement of obstacles. The hydraulic resistance of a fishpass is experimentally investigated that depends on several geometric parameters: block shape, ramp slope, block density, and bed roughness. An analytical model based on the balance momentum allows one to quantify the influence of each hydraulic parameter. The bed roughness has a weak influence, whereas the block shape and the Froude number are significant. The variation of the drag coefficient was analyzed to improve the stage-discharge relationship. To this end, a correlation with the block diameter and water level is proposed. The maximal velocity reached in the fishpass can also be estimated. These results have to be compared with the fish swimming ability to assess the fishpass passability.

Influence of Hydraulic Factor of Vertical-Slot Fishway on Swimming Ability of Fish

Vertical-slot fishway is widely used in different shape of fish-way due to the adaptability to water level amplitude, the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical-slot fish-way of different scale has been extensively researched by researcher domestic and overseas, the energy dissipation mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the fish-way in different scale under different inflow has been acquainted now. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of Vertical-slot fish-way of different size under water depth, inflow and slope is analyzed , influence of water depth, flow velocity, dissipation rating per unit volume and turbulent energy etc. On fish swimming ability is discussed, and design of fish-way is evaluated by relevant hydraulic factor of fish swimming characteristics. Finally the research method and experience abroad is summarized in the paper.

입자영상유속계를 이용한 은어 (Plecoglossus altivelis)의 유영능력 측정

As a fish way is a structure for fish migrating well toward upper stream due to breaking river flow by a dam or dammed pool, the specific fish's swimming ability is one of the main factors in making a plan and managing it. In addition, it also needs to understand the current field in fish road to evaluate its performance. This study is aimed to analyze the swimming patterns with current velocity changes using a Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) in order to understand the swimming ability of silver fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) that is one of the fishes migrating through the fish way of Nakdong River, and to analyze the 2 dimensional current field near to silver fish at swimming momentum. The results showed that average values of tail beat frequencies for continuous swimming with current velocity were 2.8 Hz at 0.3 m/s, 3.2 Hz at 0.4 m/s, 3.8 Hz at 0.5 m/s, respectively. The wake would be produced by direction turning of fish's tail fin and its magnitude would be verified by the difference of pressure. The pressure turbulent flow produced by its tail beat would be made in both sides, and then, the magnitude of wake should be the source of moving direction. The swimming momentum will help to support the primary factor in making a suitable design for specific fish species migrating toward the district river.

Morphological predictors of swimming speed: a case study of pre-settlement juvenile coral reef fishes

The swimming abilities of fishes are of vital importance to their ecology, and studies on fish swimming have been the focus of research for over a century. Here we explore the relationship between swimming ability and external body morphology, using data on U(crit) swimming speeds of 100 species of pre-settlement juvenile coral reef fishes (at the transition between the larval and adult habitats), comprising 26 different families from 5 orders. The taxonomic diversity of this methodologically consistent dataset provides a unique opportunity to examine the relationship between form and function in fish swimming across a broad taxonomic range. Overall, we found that a predictive model incorporating total length (TL), the square of caudal peduncle depth factor (CPDF(2)) and aspect ratio (AR) can be used to accurately predict swimming performance of a wide range of fish families, and was able to explain 69% of the variability in swimming performance of these pre-settlement juvenile fishes. The model was also able to successfully predict the swimming speed of an out-group salmonid species (Oncorhynchus mykiss). There was no evidence that the model fit differed among taxonomic groups, despite the inclusion of five different orders of fishes, suggesting that body morphology sufficiently explains the bulk of differences in swimming performance. Furthermore, the model appears to work equally well for fishes from the Great Barrier Reef and the Caribbean, and for families with different adult habitat associations and swimming modes. It remains to be determined how well the model predicts the swimming abilities of temperate species as well as adults of these same species. This model provides an invaluable means of predicting swimming abilities of pre-settlement juvenile fishes that are unable to be reared in the laboratory, do not perform well in swimming flumes or are unable to be captured live in the field.

Effects of exposure to the water‐soluble fraction of crude oil on the swimming performance and the metabolic and ionic recovery postexercise in Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi)

The swimming performance and recovery from exercise were determined in juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) following exposure to the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of North Slope crude oil for more than eight weeks. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations (mean +/- standard error) at the beginning of exposures were as follows: control, 0.2 +/- 0.1 microg/L; low, 9.6 +/- 2.5 microg/L; medium, 40.7 +/- 6.9 microg/L; and high, 120.2 +/- 11.4 microg/L. Biological availability of hydrocarbons was confirmed by a significant induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 content and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) was significantly reduced in fish exposed to the highest concentration of WSF for 96 h (11% +/- 3.7% reduction) and at the two highest concentrations at four weeks (16% +/- 3.6% and 29% +/- 5.4% reductions) and eight weeks (11% +/- 3.8% and 40% +/- 5.7% reductions). Mortality occurred in all groups 24 h following Ucrit swim trials, with significantly higher mortalities observed in fish exposed to WSF in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (maximum mortality of 72.2% +/- 5.5% in the eight-week, high-exposure group). Burst swimming alone resulted in increased plasma cortisol, lactate, Na+, and Cl- concentrations and decreased muscle glycogen levels that returned to baseline values by 24 h. An interpretation of the effect of WSF exposure on postexercise metabolic recovery was complicated by pre-exercise alterations in several parameters. The time courses and magnitudes of several key postexercise parameters, including plasma cortisol, lactate, and muscle glycogen, were significantly altered by exposure to WSE The present study clearly shows that hydrocarbon exposure can reduce the swimming ability of fish and their ability to recover from exhaustive exercise.

The effects of the ectoparasite Tracheliastes polycolpus (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) on the fins of rostrum dace (Leuciscus leuciscus burdigalensis).

Rostrum dace (Leuciscus leuciscus burdigalensis) from the River Viaur were found to be infested with the ectoparasite Tracheliastes polycolpus (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae). Samples from five study sites along the river revealed different patterns of parasite infestation. Heavily infested fish were found at the upper study sites whereas much lower infestation levels were observed at the lower study sites. The copepods showed an aggregated dispersion pattern on host fins. The results showed significantly preferred microhabitats, with adult females being more abundant on the anal, pelvic and along the external part of the pectoral fins. The anal and pelvic fins were damaged by the parasite with a loss of their surface area. These fin alterations may reduce the fish's swimming ability and therefore affect the rostrum dace population. Our findings highlight the need to study the effects of parasites on stream fish populations.

北転船で漁獲されたスケトウダラ網膜の明暗順応状態

The retinal adaptations were examined for the walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma taken at different times of day and night from different depths of trawling in the north Pacific. Even in the daytime, some retina sampled from depths of 150 to 200m showed a tendency towards dark adaptation. This suggests the inactive response of the walleye pollock against the gear due to reduced visual acuity and colour vision. To confirm the results from the on-board sampling, the retinomotor response was also examined by laboratory experiment. The light intensity for darkadaptation of walleye pollock was revealed to be much lower than 10-2 lx. These results are dissussed in relation to the ambient light intensity in the sea, and the visual function and swimming ability of fish during the capture process by trawl net.

魚類の遊泳能力

A method to deal quantitatively with swimming ability of fish was investigated. Duration of swimming [swimming time:t (sec)] was measured at various current velocities [swimming speed: V (cm/sec)]. The relationship between swimming speed and swimming time presented a curve, “swimming curve”, and was expressed by the following formula : V •tk=a where k and a are constants peculiar to any one species and its growth stage. Swimming ability was assumed to be proportional to the total swimming time a fish could maintain itself against various current velocities. Therefore, swimming ability index (SAI) was defined as follows: SAI=∫36000Vdt×10-4(cm) SAI ?? may be considered as the synthetic index of swimming ability. Both cruising speed and burst speed have been used as the index for the estimation of swimming ability, but they are not sufficient to estimate swimming ability synthetically. SAI should be used for the accurate estimation of swimming ability of fish. The values of SAI were obtained for 16 species by means of swimming tests. The values of SAI of Plecoglossus altivelis and Salmo gairdnerii irideus were high and those of Anguilla anguilla and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were low. The values of SAI of P. altivelis were also obtained and discussed for the different growth stages.

Effect of the "Salmon Poisoning" Trematode, Nanophyetus salmincola, on the Swimming Ability of Juvenile Salmonid Fishes

Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, 57 to 60 mll in total length, were exposed either once for 1 hr to 1,500 cercariae of Nanophyetus salmincola, or daily for 1 hr to 100 of these parasites for 15 days. The effect of the parasites on the swimming ability of fish exposed only once was determined immediately after exposure, or after 6, 12, 24, or 96 hr, or after 15 days; fish exposed daily were tested immediately after the last exposure. Groups of control and infected fish were tested together in a swimming tube. In some tests, the water velocity in the tube was increased gradually at 10-min intervals, and the velocity at which each fish became fatigued was recorded. In other tests, the water velocity was suddenly increased to a high, constant level, and the duration of swimming of each fish at that velocity was recorded. In both types of tests, there was a marked effect of the parasite on the swimming ability of fish exposed once and tested 0 to 96 hr later and on those exposed repeatedly and tested after their last exposure. The mean swimming speeds or times of groups of steelhead trout were reduced by 10 to 58%, as compared with those of controls, and corresponding per cent reduction values for coho ranged from 4 to 95%. This impairment of the swimming ability of infected fish is attributed to tissue injury caused by migrating parasites. The swimming ability of fish that were exposed once and tested 15 days later, when the parasites were encysted, was little affected. However, it is likely that the effect would have been greater had the infections been heavier. The salmon poisoning trematode, Nanophyetus salmincola, can kill experimentally infected fish, and the same may be true for fish in nature (Millemann and Knapp, 1970). But we have no information on the sublethal effects of the parasite on fish, such as impairment of swimming ability and retardation of growth. This paper reports the results of a study, carried out from September 1968 to August 1970, on the effects of N. salniincola on the swimming ability of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhlynchus kisutch, and summer-run steelhead trout (anadromous rainbow trout), Salito gairdneri. Effects of the parasite on the growth of these fish species will be reported in a subsequent paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animals Coho or fertilized eggs were obtained from the Alsea River Salmon Hatchery of the Fish Commiission of Oregon, and steelhead Received for publication 16 February 1971. * This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grant 5 RO1 AI06599 from the NIAID, and in part by the National Science Foundation Institutional Sea Grant GH 97, and constitutes part of doctoral thesis research done by the senior author at Oregon State University. Technical Paper No. 3026, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. trout from the Oregon State Game Commission's Oak Springs Fish Hatchery. The former hatchery is in the enzootic area of the trematode, but the used in the experiments were obtained as fry in late winter, when N. salmincola cercariae are not present in the hatchery water supply, or were hatched and reared in parasite-free well water. The hatchery at which the steelhead trout had been reared was outside the enzootic area, but the fish were hatched there from eggs obtained from adult fish taken in the Siletz River (Lincoln County, Oregon), which is within the enzootic area. Thus, all experimental fish were initially uninfected but originated from stocks that have had long evolutionary association with the parasite. The fish were maintained in outdoor cement tanks provided with flowing dechlorinated tap water and were fed commercial fish pellets several times a week. When the fish were used in experiments, their total lengths ranged from 57 to 60 mm and their weights from 1.4 to 1.7 g, but the fish used in any one experiment never differed from each other in weight by more than 0.2 g. Oxyjtrema silicula snails were collected from the Big Elk River and Beaver Creek in Lincoln County, Oregon. Those found to be infected with N. salmincola were maintained thereafter in the laboratory in plastic trays provided with flowing chlorine-free tap water at 15 to 16 C. Clam shells in the trays served as a calciium source. Snails were fed either lettuce or alder leaves. When cercariae were needed for an experiment, approximately 25 snails were placed in 1.0 liter of dechlorinated, aerated tap water at room temperature (near 21 C) and left there overnight, because exposure to the elevated temperature for 8