Size Of Swelling Research Articles

Management of Necrotic Transmetatarsal Amputation with <i>Argania</i> Honey Dressing: A Case Report

Chronic wounds represent a significant global health concern, accounting for a considerable proportion of amputations. Recent advances in healthcare have highlighted the importance of effective wound healing and the prevention of bacterial infections, as these factors are crucial contributors to elevated morbidity rates. Selecting an appropriate wound dressing has presented a significant challenge for healthcare professionals, particularly in developing countries. Honey, a traditional remedy with a long history of use, has been employed in wound care for centuries. This report presents a case study of effective management in a 74-year-old patient with a 28-year history of type II diabetes. This individual experienced a complication related to diabetic foot issues, necessitating toe amputation. This procedure subsequently resulted in difficulties involving necrosis. The treatment protocol included the application of a dressing based on pure Argania honey (Argania spinosa, an endemic tree of southwestern Morocco), without additives, pasteurisation or manipulation. A sharp debridement procedure was previously performed to facilitate the impregnation of honey in the affected area of necrosis. At the end of the treatment all symptoms, including pain, exudates, odour, burning sensation and itching, were fully alleviated. Moreover, a considerable decrease in swelling and wound size was evident, suggesting significant healing in the injured area. The administration of natural remedies for the treatment of this kind of injury may prove an efficacious strategy for the enhancement of quality of life for diabetic patients.

Investigation of Folate-Functionalized Magnetic-Gold Nanoparticles Based Targeted Drug Delivery for Liver: In Vitro, In Vivo and Docking Studies.

Magnetic nanoparticles used for targeted drug administration present a promising approach in cancer treatment owing to its notable advantages, such as targeted and enhanced encapsulation ability and improved bio protection compared with conventional drug delivery methods. Au shell-iron core nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au) were manufactured by a chemical process, coated with dextran to encapsulate curcumin, and functionalized for precision drug delivery using folic acid to combat liver cancer. Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and magnetometry were applied to assess the synthesis of the Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA compound. The mean size, zeta potential, and polydispersity of Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA were 63.3 ± 2.33 nm, -68.3 ± 1.78 mV, and 0.041 ± 0.008, respectively. Molecular docking models were created to examine the relationship between Fe3O4@Au-CU and BCL-XL, BAK, and to identify potential binding sites. The loading efficiency and release profile tests examined the medication delivery system's ability. MTT assay was subsequently utilized to determine the optimal dosage and therapeutic efficacy of Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA on cancer SNU-449 and healthy THLE-2 cell lines. Flow cytometry demonstrated that Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA effectively induced cancer cell death. Fe3O4@Au-DEX-FA showed a regulated release profile of free curcumin at 37 °C and pH values of 7.4 and 5.4. Real-time PCR revealed increased BAK expression and decreased BCL-XL expression. Nude tumor-bearing mice were used for in vivo experiments. Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA treatment dramatically reduced the swelling size compared with free CU and control treatments. It also resulted in a longer lifespan, expanded splenocyte proliferation, increased IFN-γ levels, and decreased IL-4 levels. The regular cells showed no cytotoxic effect compared with the cancer type, confirming that Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA maintained its potent anticancer actions. The data suggests that Fe3O4@Au-DEX-CU-FA possesses a promising potential as a therapeutic agent for combating tumors.

Two- and three-dimensional healing assessment after endodontic microsurgery in through-and-through periapical lesions: 5-year follow-up from a randomized controlled trial.

To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome of endodontic microsurgery in through-and-through periapical lesions at 1-year and 5-year follow-up with adjunct use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Thirty-two patients with large through-and-through periapical lesions were randomized in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group and control group. Two-dimensional (2D) healing was evaluated with Molven's criteria and three-dimensional (3D) healing with modified PENN 3D criteria. Healing at resection plane (R), apical area (A), buccal cortex (BC), palatal cortex (PC) and overall bone healing (B) was assessed using CBCT scans. The volume of lesion was measured using ITK-Snap software. The analysis included comparison of 1- to 5-year intragroup (Friedman test/McNemar test) and intergroup scoring (Chi-square/ Mann-Whitney test). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of various factors on healing at 5 years. Out of 32 patients/59 teeth evaluated after 1-year of endodontic microsurgery, 24 patients/44 teeth reported at 5 - year follow-up. Healing assessment with modified PENN 3D criteria revealed improvement in overall success rate of 66.7% at 1 year to 83.3% at 5 years, with no deterioration in any healing category. PRP group exhibited significantly better 3D healing than control group; both at 1 year (84.6% vs. 45.5%) and 5 years (100% vs. 63.6%). A significantly higher number of completely healed teeth were observed in PRP group than the control group at 5 years with respect to R, BC and B parameters. A volume reduction of 88% (91.4% PRP, 84% control) was depicted at 1 year and 94% (97.1% PRP, 91.1% control) at 5 years. None of the recorded factors including age, gender, size of lesion, preoperative swelling and sinus, histology of lesion, use of PRP, tooth location, preoperative buccal bone had significant effect on 3D healing at 5 years. This 5-year study suggested improvement in 3D radiographic healing of large through-and-through periapical lesions from 1 to 5 years with no deterioration in any healing parameter in both control and PRP groups. The additional use of PRP led to significantly better healing in such lesions. RACB index using CBCT allows better estimation of healing at resected, apical and cortical plane over modified PENN 3D or Molven's criteria.

Unraveling the Ayurvedic Protocol in the Management of Ranula

Shalakya tantra is the branch of Ayurveda which deals with Urdhwajatrugata rogas i.e., diseases occurring in supraclavicular region. Acharyas have mentioned various Mukharogas (diseases pertaining to oral cavity) which are further subdivided into various categories. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned five Jihwagata rogas (diseases of tongue) and their management. Upajihwika which is caused by vitiation of Kapha and Rakta, is the Jihwagraroopa shwathu cystic swelling under the ventral aspect of tongue. In modern, it can be correlated with Ranula which is a translucent swelling in the floor of the mouth formed due to sublingual gland trauma or obstruction of the ducts. It further leads to extravasation and accumulation of saliva in the surrounding tissue thus forming a cyst. Case and Intervention- A 49-year-old male patient presented to ENT OPD of Patanjali Ayurveda Hospital with swelling in left submandibular region for 2 months. There was no difficulty in mastication and swallowing with no history of trauma. The patient was diagnosed with plunging Ranula sized 4x3 cm based on USG findings. He underwent three months and 10 days course of Ayurvedic regime and two follow ups showing reduction in size of the cystic swelling. Conclusion: Several surgical techniques have been introduced to treat Ranula ranging from marsupialization, excision of Ranula, excision of sublingual glands, sclerotherapy with varying success and recurrence rate. Ayurvedic protocol aimed at holistic approach by pacifying the vitiated Doshas and showing marked regression in the cystic growth without making the patient undergo the pain and high cost and adverse effect as that of a surgical procedure.

Characterizing the vaginal microbiome in a sexually fluid primate (Pan paniscus).

While there have been recent breakthroughs in human vaginal microbiome research, very few non-human primate (NHP) vaginal microbiome studies exist due to difficulty in obtaining samples. In this study, we sought to: (1) characterize the bonobo vaginal microbiota for the first time, and (2) determine the relationship between vaginal pH and swelling size. During a 21-day study period, we collected observational data and 71 vaginal swabs from three cohoused adult females at the Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative. After filtering and classification, a total of 3452 amplicon sequence variants were recruited from 12 vaginal samples. The most dominant phylum represented was Actinobacteria, and the most abundant genera were Gardnerella, Atopobium, and Prevotella. The mean pH score was 6.1 (range: 5.1-7.0), and pH levels varied with relative swelling size. This is the first study to examine the vaginal microbial composition in this species, and it conforms to previous NHP studies in that there was not the same bacterial dominance of Lactobacillus spp. often highlighted in human vaginal microbiota studies. Our findings suggest there may be other factors contributing to the protection of the bonobo vaginal environment, but future analysis of a larger sample is needed to fully understand how sociality and sexuality shape vaginal microbiota and host health.

Brain Swelling versus Infarct Size: A Problematizing Review.

In human stroke, brain swelling is an important predictor of neurological outcome and mortality, yet treatments to reduce or prevent brain swelling are extremely limited, due in part to an inadequate understanding of mechanisms. In preclinical studies on cerebroprotection in animal models of stroke, historically, the focus has been on reducing infarct size, and in most studies, a reduction in infarct size has been associated with a corresponding reduction in brain swelling. Unfortunately, such findings on brain swelling have little translational value for treating brain swelling in patients with stroke. This is because, in humans, brain swelling usually becomes evident, either symptomatically or radiologically, days after the infarct size has stabilized, requiring that the prevention or treatment of brain swelling target mechanism(s) that are independent of a reduction in infarct size. In this problematizing review, we highlight the often-neglected concept that brain edema and brain swelling are not simply secondary, correlative phenomena of stroke but distinct pathological entities with unique molecular and cellular mechanisms that are worthy of direct targeting. We outline the advances in approaches for the study of brain swelling that are independent of a reduction in infarct size. Although straightforward, the approaches reviewed in this study have important translational relevance for identifying novel treatment targets for post-ischemic brain swelling.

An open label -single arm surgical trial on sootika stana vidradhi w.s.r breast abscess.

Breast abscess usually occurs as a complication of mastitis and is defined as a localized collection of purulent material within the breast parenchyma. In Ayurveda, breast abscess may be correlated with Stana Vidradhi. Susrutha, an Ancient Surgeon has described about Abscess as Vidradhi and explains the features and treatment of Stana Vidradhi similar to that of Vidradhi which depends on the Pakvata (ripen) and Apakvata (unripe) stage of Vidradhi that includes both abhyantara and sthanika chkitsa. This was an open label single arm surgical trial that included 30 sootika patients diagnosed with Stana vidradhi. All 30 patients received the classical shastra karma explained in Ayurvedic science with Modern approach that included Bhedana, Visravana, Vrana prakshalana and Vrana ropana. Duration of the study was 7 days with before and after assessment. Assessments were made on 1st day and on the 8th day after the treatment. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed that there was a significant reduction in visual analog scale, pain, swelling, slough, discharge, granulation tissue, and wound size with (p≤0.005) after the treatment. This study showed that shastra karma (Surgical intervention) explained in Ayurvedic science is effective in the management of Sootika Stana Vidradhi that included a comprehensive approach of Modern aid that included Bhedana, Visravana and Ayurvedic intervention of Vrana prakshalana and Vrana ropana.

Interferons as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Giant Cell Tumor: A Hospital-Based Prospective Pilot Study

Abstract Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now considered an effective way to treat Campanacci grade 2 and 3 giant cell tumors (GCTs). Assessment of these drugs is essential clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. This study analyzes the early results of angiogenesis inhibitors (interferons) in the aggressive GCT of bone. Methodology A prospective pilot study was conducted from January 2021 to July 2022 including eight biopsy-proven GCT patients subjected to interferon therapy. Radiological assessment was done with changes on plain radiograph, computerized tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. Histopathological examination was done by changes in the biopsy and resected segment. Results Out of the eight patients included in the study, 26% (n = 3) were males and 62% (n = 5) were females, with mean age of the patients being 24.6 ± 8.48 years (range: 22–38). There was significant reduction of the size of swelling (p-value: 0.049), significant reduction in Visual Analog Scale score (p-value: 0.011), significant decrease in swelling size on radiograph (p-value: 0.012), significant marginal sclerosis (p-value: 0.001), significant neocortex formation on radiographs (p-value: 0.001), significant result in and osteoid formation (p-value: 0.001) on histology. Whereas Campanacci grade on plain radiographs, number of viable cells, and number of viable stromal cell were not statistically different in comparison with pretherapy and posttherapy status. Conclusion Interferon therapy in a GCT has potential beneficiary effect in terms of clinical, radiological, and pathological outcomes. It might prove to be an effective alternative to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of aggressive GCT of bones. Level of Evidence III.

Elephantiasis gingivae: A report of a rare clinical presentation

Introduction: Elephantiasis Gingivae otherwise known as Heriditary gingival fibromatosis, Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis, is a very rare clinical condition characterized by local or diffuse enlargement of the gingiva. It is usually benign, painless, slow in growth, fibrous and may involve marginal gingiva, attached gingiva and interdental papilla. The gingiva tissue appears normal in color, non-hemorrhagic, firm and has a characteristic “pebbled” appearance with accentuation of its stippling. Case presentation: This report aimed to present a case of a 14years old girl who presented with a complaint of gingival swelling for a period of four years. There was no history of similar swelling in the family, no prior drug history of significance. The patient was totally dependent of semisolid and liquid diet as the teeth were embedded in the gingiva. Esthetics was the primary concern of the patient despite the fact that there was difficulty in taking solid food. Gingivectomy was done under general anesthesia. Conclusion: Surgical approach under general anesthesia may be considered when the size and posterior extent of the gingival swelling are enormous to avoid incomplete surgical excision which may contribute to early recurrence. Limitation: The long term success of the intervention could not be ascertained as the patient was lost to follow-up after one month.

Clinical Spectrum of Patients Admitted with Hymenoptera (Bees and Wasps) Stings in a Medical College Hospital of Himachal Pradesh, India.

Objective: Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) stings are a common health hazard in the tropics, particularly in rural areas. The study was planned to describe the clinical spectrum of patients with Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) stings admitted to a medical college hospital in Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and methods: This was a hospital-based open cohort prospective study conducted on patients admitted with a history of Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) stings. The study period was 1 year, and patients were recruited using a nonprobability sampling method. Demography, clinical and laboratory data, complications, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Systemic allergic reactions were classified according to the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) guidelines. Results: A total of 44 patients (25 males and 19 females) were included in the study. All the patients reported in the warmer months from April to November were stung between 6 am and 8 pm and reported within three from the time of the incident. The most common local symptoms of pain and pruritus were reported by 100 and 31.8% of patients, respectively. Features of systemic envenomation reported were dizziness, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, hematuria and cola-colored urine, pain abdomen, cough, and wheezing. On examination, local redness and swelling were observed at 100 and 72.7%, respectively. The size of swellings was <10 cm in all of the patients. As per BSACI guidelines, the severity of systemic allergic reactions was mild, moderate, and severe in 70.4, 13.6, and 15.9%, respectively. Transaminases were observed in 40.9% of patients. Acute kidney injury (AKI) developed in 22.7% of patients. The mortality was 4.5% in this study. Conclusion: This is one of the largest studies on Hymenoptera envenomation in India and contributes to our understanding of the subject. How to cite this article: KP MS, Raina S, Kaul R, et al. Clinical Spectrum of Patients Admitted with Hymenoptera (Bees and Wasps) Stings in a Medical College Hospital of Himachal Pradesh, India. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(10):57-63.

Pectin/PVA-Borax Hydrogel with Self-Healing Ability

Hydrogels are polymers with soft and high-water absorption characteristics similar to biological tissues, leading to several potential applications, such as artificial organs, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and strain sensor. Interestingly, hydrogels can be designed to heal themselves after being damaged. In this research, hydrogels with self-healing ability from pectin and polyvinyl alcohol were prepared by simple physical mixing. Borax was used as a crosslinking agent to obtain crosslinked hydrogel structure by the formation of dynamic boron ester bonds. Glycerol was also added to the hydrogels as an anti-freezing agent and a stabilizer. The microstructures, mechanical properties, self-healing ability and swelling properties of the pectin/PVA-borax hydrogels were characterized. The results indicate that the size of microporous structure, modulus, tensile strength, self-healing time, swelling, and equilibrium water content of the pectin/PVA hydrogels increases with the increasing borax contents.

Role of Extended Anti-Tubercular Therapy Course Duration in Slowly Responsive or Non-Responsive Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenopathy

Introduction: Tubercular cervical lymphadenopathy (TCL) remains a significant health concern, particularly in developing countries. The effectiveness of extended anti-tubercular therapy in slowly responsive or non-responsive TCL cases is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to assess the role of extended anti-tubercular therapy course duration in such cases and to explore the need for alternative treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 4 years, from January 2019 to January 2023, at the Department of ENT &amp; Head Neck Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The initial sample size of 189 TCL patients was narrowed down to 125 slow or non-responsive patients after 6 months of standard treatment. Various characteristics such as swelling type, swelling size, and swollen node were analyzed, and the response rate to standard medication was assessed. Result: The study revealed that 90.40% had swelling sizes of 3 cm or less, with limited changes in nodal size over time, and only 16.80% reaching a nodal size of less than 10 mm after a year. The response rate to medication was 33.86% after 6 months and 46.56% after a year, with 19.58% still showing a slow response. The swelling size shifted from 51.32% being less than or equal to 3 cm initially to 70.27% being greater than 3 cm after a year, suggesting that continuing medication might not be effective for a significant number of non/slow-responsive TCL cases. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the limitations of extended standard treatment for TCL and emphasize the need for personalized approaches, possibly including surgical intervention. The evidence presented calls for further research to explore alternative strategies and a reevaluation of current treatment guidelines, prioritizing patient outcomes and responsiveness to therapy.

Application of Novel Magnetic Surfactant-Based Drilling Fluids for Clay Swelling Inhibition

Water-based drilling fluids are widely employed in the oilfield industry for the efficient and smooth drilling of wellbore reservoirs. In this study, a novel drilling formulation was prepared by mixing a magnetic surfactant in the base mud formulation. Several drilling fluid tests were conducted, which include steady shear and dynamic rheology, filtration, clay sedimentation, clay swelling, and particle size distribution analysis. Different analytical techniques─XRD, FTIR, and TGA analyses─were performed to study the interactions of magnetic surfactant with the clay platelets. The experimental results of the surfactant-modified formulations were compared to the base mud formulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis of the surfactant-modified mud showed improved thermal stability compared to the base mud. FTIR analysis results of the base mud and surfactant-modified mud were compared. In the steady shear rheology experiments, the flow curves of the base mud and surfactant-modified mud showed that the addition of surfactant in the base mud affects the shear stress of formulation. The shear stress data of rheology was fitted to the Herschel–Bulkley model, and model parameters trends were assessed with and without the addition of surfactant in the base mud. Shale inhibition tests showed that the incorporation of magnetic surfactant minimized the clay hydration of swelling, thus proving a superior shale inhibitor. The particle size analysis showed that the average particle size of clay particles increased with the increasing concentration of the magnetic surfactant. The linear swelling analysis of clay showed that the rate of swelling was 90% in the surfactant-modified mud as compared to the swelling rate in deionized water. According to the zeta potential, the combination of surfactants significantly affects the electrokinetic behavior of dispersion. Further, the XRD proved that the interlayer spacing of clay increasing while interacting with magnetic surfactant molecules indicates the ability of magnetic surfactant as a shale swelling and hydration inhibitor for water-based drilling formulations.

Using alkali-activated dredge sludge ash-bentonite for low permeability cutoff walls: The engineering properties and micromechanism

Although vertical cutoff walls can effectively contain groundwater pollution, vertical barriers constructed using conventional cement-bentonite-soil (CBS) mixtures exhibit poor permeability and produce considerable CO2 during cement production. The dredged sludge ash (DSA) has potential to be used as an eco-friendly source for vertical barriers building because of the remarkable pozzolonicity. In this study, a mixture consisting of MgO-activated dredged sludge ash (DSA) and bentonite was used to develop a low permeable MgO-activated DSA-bentonite-sand (MDBS) barrier material for application to vertical cutoff walls. The mechanical properties of MDBS and CBS mixtures were investigated and the hydration products and microstructure were examined using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results showed that the MDBS mixture exhibited excellent impermeability: the hydraulic conductivity of MDBS cured for 60 d reached the minimum (1.83 × 10−8 cm/s), and considerably superior to the common requirement (lower than 10−7 cm/s) for cutoff walls. The unconfined compressive strength of the MDBS cured for 60 d increased by approximately 112% compared to the samples cured for only 7 d. The hydration products in MDBS were mainly magnesium silicate hydrate and hydrotalcite, which filled the material pores more effectively than the hydration products of CBS (calcium silicate hydrate calcium hydroxide and ettringite). The hydration products, bentonite swelling, and pore size distribution determined the MDBS mechanical properties and permeability. It is verified that activated dredge sludge ash can be used as an ideal cutoff walls material instead of cement.

A UNIQUE CASE OF RECURRENT OSTEOCHONDROMA ENCLOSING BRACHIAL ARTERY IN A 13-YEAR-OLD FEMALE

Osteochondromas are benign chondrogenic lesions arising on the external surface of the bone with aberrant cartilage (exostosis) from the perichondral ring that may contain a marrow cavity also. In a few cases, depending on the anatomical site affected, different degrees of edema, redness, paresthesia, or paresis can take place due to simple contact or friction. Also, depending on their closeness to neurovascular structures, the procedure of excision becomes crucial to avoid recurrence. We report a unique case of recurrent osteochondroma of the proximal humerus enclosing the brachial artery which makes for an important case and procedure to ensure that no relapse occurs.We report a unique case of a 13-year-old female who had presented with a history of pain and recurrent swelling for 5 years. The swelling size was 4.4 cm x 3.7 cm x 4 cm with a previous history of swelling at the same site operated in 2018. CT reports were suggestive of a large well defined broad-based exophytic diaphyseal lesion in the medial side of the proximal humerus extending posteriorly. Another similar morphological lesion measuring approximately 9 mm x 7 mm was noted involving the posterior humeral shaft. The minimal distance between the lesion and the brachial artery was 2 mm just anterior to the posterio-medial growth. Two intervals were made, first between the tumor and the neurovascular bundle and the other between the anterior tumor and brachial artery followed by exostosis and cauterization of the base.Proper curettage and excision of the tumor was done after dissecting and removing the soft tissue, blood vessels, and nerves so that there were very less chances of relapse. Post-operative X-ray was done and post 6 months of follow-up, there were no changes, and no relapse was observed. Thus, when presented with a case of recurrent osteochondroma of the proximal humerus, osteochondroma could also be in proximity to important vasculature as in this case enclosing the brachial artery. Thus, proper curettage and excision should be done in such cases to avoid recurrence.

Development of Novel pH-Sensitive Eudragit Coated Beads Containing Curcumin-Mesalamine Combination for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery.

This research aims to develop a drug delivery system that effectively treats colitis while administering curcumin/mesalamine by coating alginate/chitosan beads with Eudragit® S-100 to target the colon. Beads were tested to determine their physicochemical characteristics. Coating with Eudragit® S-100 prevents drug release at a pH of less than 7; this was demonstrated by in-vitro release conducted in a medium with gradually varying pH to mimic circumstances in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract. This study examined the efficacy of the coated beads in treating acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Results showed that spherical beads were formed with an average diameter of 1.6-2.8 mm, and the obtained swelling ranged from 409.80% to 890.19%. The calculated entrapment efficiency ranged from 87.49% to 97.89%. The optimized formula F13 (which was composed of mesalamine-curcumin active ingredients, Sodium alginate as a gelling agent, chitosan as a controlled release agent, CaCl2 as a crosslinking agent, and Eudragit S-100 as a pH-sensitive coating agent) demonstrated the best entrapment efficiency (97.89% ± 1.66), swelling (890.19% ± 60.1), and bead size (2.7 ± 0.62 mm). In formulation #13, which was coated with Eudragit S 100, curcumin (6.01 ± 0.04%) and mesalamine (8.64 ± 0.7%), were released after 2 h at pH 1.2; 6.36 ± 0.11% and 10.45 ± 1.52% of curcumin and mesalamine, respectively, were then released after 4 h and at pH 6.8. Meanwhile, at pH 7.4, after 24 h, approximately 85.34 ± 2.3% (curcumin) and 91.5 ± 1.2% (mesalamine) were released. Formula #13 significantly reduced the colitis, and this suggests that the developed hydrogel beads can be used for delivering curcumin-mesalamine combinations to treat ulcerative colitis after adequate research.

Towards better understanding the question of helium-driven swelling in RAFM-ODS alloys

We irradiated three 9Cr alloys: Fe9Cr model alloy, reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM), and advanced oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic (RAFM-ODS) alloys, with 100keV He ions at 723K to the peaked concentration of 6500 appm (low helium level) and 65000 appm (high helium level), respectively. The question of helium-driven swelling in Fe9Cr, RAFM, and RAFM-ODS alloys was investigated by multiple characterizations. Homogeneous helium bubbles, main in the form of VmHen (n < m), nucleated on different sinks, producing swelling behavior and dominating the microstructures of irradiated Fe9Cr, RAFM, and RAFM-ODS steels. The consequent swelling rate values in Fe9Cr, RAFM, and RAFM-ODS were ∼ 0.15% (1.33%), ∼ 0.058% (0.83%), and ∼ 0.048% (0.73%) in the low (high) levels, respectively. The RAFM-ODS steel exhibits better tolerance to helium bubble swelling and superior grain size stability than Fe9Cr and RAFM, which is manifested by the smaller average sizes and the lower number densities of bubbles. It can be attributed that the oxides in RAFM-ODS steel could provide more effective helium trapping sites that sequester the helium into smaller bubbles and away from the precipitate-matrix interfaces and grain boundaries. In addition, the existence of high density of oxide particles could also delay desorption peaks of helium atoms from RAFM-ODS steel compared to RAFM and Fe9Cr.

Clinical Presentation and Management of Breast Lump in Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College and Hospital- A Study of 100 Cases

A breast lump is a growth of tissue that develops within breast. A breast lump is often interchangeably described as a mass, swelling, thickness or fullness. The present cross sectional study was to find the clinical presentation and management of breast lump patient. The study was conducted in the Department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital between July 2017 to December 2019. The patients who presenting with breast lump were study population and patient with male breast lump and breast abscess were excluded from the study. The mean ages at diagnosis, menarche and menopause were 39.1±15.6, 12.4±1.1, 41.9±10.5 years respectively. The average time lapsed between marriage and 1st child birth was 4.6±2.2 years. Out of 100 patient majorities (84%) patients were married, 8% had family history of breast cancer, 9% had history of taking oral contraceptives. All of the patients complained of swelling in the breast, thirty-four patients complained pain in the breast, twenty-four discharge from the nipple and seven patients complained fever. Half of the patients’ had location of swelling in upper outer quadrant of breast. The mean size of swelling was 4.0±1.5 cm and the lowest and highest size of swelling was 1 cm and 10 cm respectively. Fifty-four percent of patient had firm swelling, forty-one percent had hard and five percent had soft swelling. Two percent had fluctuation in the swelling. Four percent ulceration of breast, two percent peau-d-orange, six percent with fixity of skin and two percent fixity to the underlying structures. Regarding lymph node status twenty-two percent had axillary and four percent had supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Regarding characteristics of nipple thirteen percent patient had tender nipple followed by eight percent had retracted, four percent had ulcerated and only two percent had protruded nipple. Nearly forty percent patients had blood stained discharge. Out of hundred patients four percent had a history of jaundice, ........

EFFECT OF VARICOCELECTOMY ON SEMEN ANALYSIS AND CLINICAL PARAMETERS

To determine changes in semen and clinical parameters following varicocelectomy. Prospective comparative study conducted on 30 Methods: patients at Santosh Medical college and hospital, Ghaziabad., undergoing varicocelectomy. Study aimed at comparing the semen analysis and various clinical parameters (pain VAS score and size of the swelling) postoperatively, at 3 month and 6 monthly follow up. Semen pH Results: value and total semen volume did not show any statistically signicant improvement postoperatively. Post operatively statistically signicant improvement was seen in total sperm count, motility as well as sperm morphology. The improvement was more when preoperative parameters were in lower range compared to normal range parameters. 7 patients who were oligospermic preoperatively showed marked improvement in their sperm count at 3 and 6 months respectively(p value 0.001); which is more signicant improvement than preoperatively normospermic patients (p value 0.003). Postsurgery sperm motility showed signicant improvement, better results were seen when preoperative motility was &lt; 28% versus when motility was &gt;28%. Signicant improvement in sperm morphology postoperatively(p value 0.001)was seen, with better results in patients with preoperative sperm morphology &lt;3% versus &gt;3%. Mean VAS score showed statistically signicant decrease at 3 months and at 6 months postoperatively (p value 0.001).83.3% patients were relieved of pain at 6months follow up post surgery. Of the 12 patients who presented with swelling, 11 patients showed signicant decrease in swelling size at 6 months follow up postoperatively. We advice varicocelectomy Conclusions: in all patients of varicocele who are either clinically symptomatic with scrotal pain and swelling, and also in asymptomatic patients with subnormal semen parameters.

Characterization of a bioscaffold containing polysaccharide acemannan and native collagen for pulp tissue regeneration

Dental pulp regeneration exploits tissue engineering concepts using stem cells/scaffolds/growth-factors. Extracted collagen is commonly used as a biomaterial-scaffold due to its biocompatibility/biodegradability and mimics the natural extracellular matrix. Adding biomolecules into a collagen-scaffold enhanced pulp regeneration. Acemannan, β-(1-4)-acetylated-polymannose, is a polysaccharide extracted from aloe vera. Acemannan is a regenerative biomaterial. Therefore, acemannan could be a biomolecule in a collagen-scaffold. Here, acemannan and native collagen were obtained and characterized. The AceCol-scaffold's physical properties were investigated using FTIR, SEM, contact angle, swelling, pore size, porosity, compressive modulus, and degradation assays. The AceCol-scaffold's biocompatibility, growth factor secretion, osteogenic protein expression, and calcification were evaluated in vitro. The AceCol-scaffolds demonstrated higher hydrophilicity, swelling, porosity, and larger pore size than the collagen scaffolds (p < 0.05). Better cell-cell and cell-scaffold adhesion, and dentin extracellular matrix protein (BSP/OPN/DSPP) expression were observed in the AceCol-scaffold, however, DSPP expression was not detected in the collagen group. Significantly increased cellular proliferation, VEGF and BMP2 expression, and mineralization were detected in the AceCol-scaffold compared with the collagen-scaffold (p < 0.05). Computer simulation revealed that acemannan's 3D structure changes to bind with collagen. In conclusion, the AceCol-scaffold synergistically provides better physical and biological properties than collagen. The AceCol-scaffold is a promising material for tissue regeneration.