Sweet Extract Research Articles

Phytochemistry of Argemone ochroleuca Sweet Extracts and Their Inhibitory Effects on Maize Seed Germination

Argemone ochroleuca Sweet is an alien invasive weed dominating most cultivated lands, however, the phytochemicals present in this plant and the effects of these on the germination and growth of economically important crops such as maize are not well-documented. The objective of the study was to characterize the phytochemistry of the shoots and roots of A. ochroleuca and determine whether the extracts could inhibit the germination of maize seeds. The shoots and roots of A. ochroleuca were extracted in water, hexane, and acetone. Ten maize seeds were used in the germination bioassay. A phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the A. ochroleuca water, hexane, or acetone extracts on maize seed germination were concentration and plant-part dependent. The highest reduction was recorded from the water extract with 82%. Identified compounds with high percentages in A. ochroleuca were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-. The present study indicated that A. ochroleuca extracts suppress the germination of maize seeds, likely due to the presence of both the identified and potentially unidentified phytochemicals that were not detected by the selected method. There is, however, a need to establish the relationship between the phytochemical compounds and the enzymes responsible for germination.

An investigation of the anti-hypertensive effect of mad honey and Rhododendron luteum sweet extract induced by N- ω -Nitro L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) in rats

An investigation of the anti-hypertensive effect of mad honey and Rhododendron luteum sweet extract induced by N- ω -Nitro L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) in rats

Determination of technological parameters of obtaining stevia extract

The prospects for the use of a plant raw material – stevia as a natural sweetener for obtaining sweet extracts have been substantiated. Literary research has been conducted on the expediency of carrying out preparatory operations of stevia-raw material in order to intensify mass exchange processes during extraction; their necessity has been theoretically justified.
 A number of studies have been conducted with the aim of intensifying the process of extracting the dry mass of stevia leaves. Preliminary preparation of stevia was carried out – crushing (using a laboratory crusher – A1-DM2R) and subsequent sieving to the average size of the leaf fraction – 3.9±0.1 mm.
 It is proposed to use whey from the production of sour milk cheese to obtain sweet extracts of stevia for their further use in the food industry.
 It has been established, that the highest efficiency of the extraction process of the prepared dry stevia leaf mass is achieved with a hydromodule – 1:15. Carrying out the process under these conditions allows to achieve the highest degree of extraction of extractive substances – 29.9.
 The results of the experimental studies, obtained and presented in the article, can be used to carry out further physicochemical analyzes of the quality of the obtained stevia extracts and the possibility of combining them with a milk base to obtain a dietary range of food products

Purple sweet extract activates autophagy through enhanced mTOR expression in D-galactose-induced dementia rats

The neuropathology of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is characterized by the buildup of amyloid beta peptide plaques and tau protein in the brain that causes cognitive deficits. The mammalian protein kinase target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an essential role in controlling the balance of protein synthesis and degradation through autophagy. This study was conducted to determine the role of purple sweet potato water extract in activating autophagy through the mTOR pathway. The study used a randomized posttest-only control group design where 20 male Wistar rats were randomized into the treatment group, and the control group was then induced with d-galactose 100mg/kg BW/day for four weeks. The treatment group was given an aqueous extract of purple sweet potato at 200mg/kg BW/day while the control group was given aquabidest solution for six weeks. The independent t-test showed that the mean mTOR expression in the treatment group (30.30±4.42) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the control group (16.89±2.77). Purple sweet potato extract to d-galactose-induced mice increased the autophagy process, characterized by increased mTOR expression. The research implies that the purple sweet potato extract administration can increase the autophagy process and provide neuroprotection effects in rats by d-galactose induction.

Determination of optimal technological parameters of obtaining stevia extract in technology of sour dairy desserts

In order to determine the optimal technological parameters for obtaining stevia leaf sweet extract, the dependence of the extractives' yield on the temperature and extraction process duration was investigated. A mathematical model has been built that makes it possible to determine and predict the extraction process at different technological parameters in order to effectively obtain extractive substances. The expediency of using whey from the production of fermented milk cheese as an extractant for obtaining stevia extract has been substantiated. It was experimentally established and mathematically confirmed that the use of whey makes it possible to increase the yield of extractives by 12.1 %, as opposed to the use of an aqueous solution. In order to intensify the extraction process, it is proposed to use a rotary-pulse apparatus. It was found that the application of a rotary-pulse apparatus makes it possible to increase the yield of extractive substances from sweet grass by 0.1–0.4 % compared to maceration. The optimal technological parameters for obtaining stevia extract have been determined: hydro module, 1:15; extractant, whey; extraction temperature, 85±5 °С; process duration, 20–25 min. The use of graphic and mathematical modeling in the environments "Mathcad" and "Statistica" helped construct 3D-graphic models to illustrate the dependence of the degree of extraction of extractive substances from dry stevia leaves on the technological parameters for obtaining extracts. The improved technology of obtaining stevia leaf sweet extract will significantly expand the range of "healthy foods" through the partial or complete replacement of sugar. The production of such dietary products will have a social effect and economic attractiveness for food industry enterprises

Formulation of low-fat cheese analogue from sweet corn extract using papain and lime extract as coagulant

Cheese is not only created using cow's milk and can also be made from a mixture of vegetable extracts, including corn extract. Cheese from corn extract has the advantages of low-fat and high-carotene. Notably, papain can be used as a coagulant in the production of cheese analogue, while maltodextrin functions to increase volume and total solids for greater yield. The objectives of the present study was 1) to optimize the formula composition between lime extract, papain, and maltodextrin to create a cheese analogue from sweet corn extract with high yield and protein as well as good sensory properties, 2) to study the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the cheese analogue using the optimal formula, and 3) to compare analog cheese from corn milk to cow's milk cheese. The experimental design involved response surface methodology with three factors (lime extract, papain, and maltodextrin). The results of the study produced the optimal cheese analogue formula from corn extract with the addition of lime extract (2.283%), papain (0.022%), and maltodextrin (15%). The characteristics of this cheese analogue include a yield of 20.3%; pH of 5.4; 14oBrix soluble solids; water content of 65.3%; protein content of 13.5%; total-carotene of 544.4 ppm and of fat content 4.6%. The cheese analogue has sensory characteristics of soft texture, the ability to spread evenly, the typical color of cheese (i.e. yellowish-white), and was preferred by panelists. Cheese analogue has protein content of 7.1%, fat content of 4.55%, total carotene of 544.4 mg/g, cholesterol 0.02 mg/g; while commercial cheese from cow’s milk has protein content 6.3%, fat content 24.53%, total carotene 5.32 mg/g and cholesterol 0.19 mg/g. Thus, sweet corn can potentially be used as a raw material for producing low-fat cheese analogues.

Anti-cholinesterase and Neuroprotective Activities of Sweet and Bitter Apricot Kernels (Prunus armeniaca L.).

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a fruit cultivated in various parts of the world. Both sweet and bitter kernels of apricot have been used for the treatment of different diseases such as loss of memory in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). In the present study, the inhibitory activity of sweet and bitter extracts of apricot kernels towards cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes, both acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase was examined through Ellman’s method. In addition, neuroprotectivity of aqueous extracts and amygdalin were investigated against H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 neurons. Among them, the best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 134.93 ± 2.88 µg/mL) and neuroprotectivity (P-value < 0.0001) were obtained by the aqueous extract of bitter type. It was found that all extracts showed no butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity.

QUANTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC, FLAVONIODS COMPOUNDS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS EXTRACTS FROM PUNICA GRANATUM L

This study was aimed at examining total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant and antibacterial analysis of flowers sweet and sour of tow system extracts of Punica Granatum L. Antioxidant efficacies of extracts were evaluated by phosphomolybdenum method. The antimicrobial activity of extracts of was determined against three. The phenolic contents of ethanolic 80% sour extract (EASE) was founded to have the highest value 480 ± 0.02 mg AGE.g-1 DW and the lowest value in ethanoic sweet extract (ES) 118 ± 0.02 mg AGE.g-1 DW. The total antioxidant activity was also found to be highest with EASE extracts. For the antibacterial activity the extracts showed moderate activity. The most sensitive microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (diameter of inhibition is 23 mm) showed in ethanolic 80% sweet extract at 20 mg/ml.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FATTY FILLER RECIPE FOR A NEW TYPE OF WAFER PRODUCTS

The article gives an opportunity to develop the technology of fatty filling for waffles and low-calorie wafers by replacing sugar with a mixture of sweet extracts from the leaves of stevia with erythritol. The expediency of regulating the amount of dry matter due to the introduction of dry skim milk whey has been proved. The whey is a raw material component that further enriches the finished product on minerals and vitamins that are healthy for the human body. The possibility of additional introduction of of beta-carotene, as a dye and ascorbic acid, as a stabilizer of fatty wafer fillings has been investigated. In order to improve the quality and safety of finished products, the possibility of using in the technology of fatty fillings for wafer products a new type of confectionery fat of domestic production "Fettifil" has been experimentally confirmed.

The Effect of Addition of Sweet Wood Extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) and Saving Time on Fat Levels, FFA Levels and TBA of Brownies Cork Fish (Ophiocephalus striatus)

The Effect of Addition of Sweet Wood Extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) and Saving Time on Fat Levels, FFA Levels and TBA of Brownies Cork Fish (Ophiocephalus striatus)

In search for an alternative to sugar to reduce obesity.

Consumption of table sugar has been increasing despite the warnings of public health officials as to the potential adverse consequences of sugar consumption. The World Health Organization recommends restricting consumption of sugars to no more than 10% of daily caloric intake, with a proposal to lower this level to 5% or less for optimal health. Unfortunately substituting sugar with the currently available artificial sweeteners does not appear to have favorable clinical effects. Given the health-related concerns with the currently available sweeteners such as increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes there is renewed interest in identifying a safe and palatable sweetener. The sweet extracts of natural plants such as stevia and monk fruit as well as naturally occurring rare sugars have become attractive alternatives. Although most of the sweeteners are sugars, there are some proteins such as braziien and miraculin that have intense sweetness and are being developed as sweeteners. Several companies are pursuing the development of "bitterness-blockers" to remove flavor defects. Other novel approaches include coating mineral carriers with sugar or hollowing out the sugar crystals. Naturally occurring rare sugars such as D-allulose (D-psicose), D-tagatose, D-sorbose and D-allose are attractive sweeteners. They do have the bulk and the mouth fill of table sugar with reduced caloric content (0.2kcal/g for D-allulose). Additional randomized controlled trials are necessary to define the long term safety and efficacy of these sugars.

Occurrence of sweet refuse at disposal sites: rainwater retention capacity and potential breeding opportunities for Aedes aegypti.

Nectar is the staple diet of adult mosquitoes in the wild, but its availability is inconsistent and can be affected by rainfall. In urban centers, Aedes vectors commonly use man-made containers as their major habitat; however, they can colonize any items replenished by rainfall. Garbage output has increased significantly in recent years, at a time when collection frequency is reducing. Such garbage usually includes organic components, some of which are sweet and can be fed upon by other animals or become can containers for rainwater. Despite evidence that Aedes larvae can thrive in containers comprised of organic waste material, which can be produced by rodents gnawing on fruits or vegetables, and that adults can survive on sweet waste fluids, the capacity of organic waste materials to accumulate rainwater and act as egg deposition sites has not been examined. It is also unknown for how long sweet extracts can sustain the life of adult vectors. Here, we investigated the abundance of sweet leftovers at garbage sites and the rainwater retention capacity of some organic materials through a field survey and laboratory bioassays. We also examined whether sweet waste fluids impact egg hatching success and longevity of Aedes aegypti. The results of this study indicated that sweet products with leftovers are highly prevalent in garbage. When exposed to rain, food items (BAFrc, banana fruit resembling container; and BSPrc, boiled sweet potato resembling container) and the packaging of sweet foods (SMIc, sweetened condensed milk can) retained water. When provided an opportunity to oviposit in cups containing BAF extract (BAFex), BSP extract (BSPex), and SMI extract (SMIex), eggs were deposited in all media. Egg maturation in the BAFex environment resulted in similar larval eclosion success to that resulting from embryo development in a water milieu. Adults maintained on sweet waste extracts had long lifespans, although shorter than that of their sugar solution (SUS)-fed counterparts. Taken together, these results indicated that sweet waste materials are useful to dengue mosquitoes, acting both as oviposition sites and energy sources.

Effects of Ethanolic Extracts ofArgemone ochroleuca(Papaveraceae) on the Food Consumption and Development ofSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The effects of 2 concentrations (15 and 30%) of ethanolic Argemone ochroleuca Sweet (Papaveraceae) extracts were determined on the feeding behavior and development of 3rd instar larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) through their continuous ingestion of treated maize leaves for 48 h. The extracts were obtained from dried whole plants including stems, leaves, and flowers. Armyworm food consumption was slightly reduced (by 13 to 14%) at both concentrations compared with the controls. Larval growth was significantly affected only at the highest concentration, with a 23% reduction in larval weight after 48 h of feeding on the treated leaves and a 38% reduction after another 48 h of feeding on an untreated artificial diet. By contrast, the duration of the larval and pupal stages was prolonged by 43% (from 13.5 to 19.4 d) and by 8% (from 2.1 to 2.2 d), respectively. Total larval mortality was also higher at the highest concentration (31%) than in controls (10%). During the pupal stage, neither the number of pupae that formed nor their mortality or weight was significantly affected by the treatments. However, both of the bioassay concentrations significantly lengthened the duration of the pupal stage in males, whereas in females, only the higher concentration did. In addition, no effect was observed on the adult emergence, sex ratio, and fecundity. In summary, the primary effect of ethanolic A. ochroleuca extracts appears to be a reduction in feeding, which simultaneously slows larval growth and increases mortality.

Effect of sweet chestnut extract (Farmatan®) on the digestibility and bioavailability of nitrogen and some minerals in the laboratory rats

Study was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of hydrolysable tannin from sweet chestnut on the protein digestibility and bioavailability, dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility and apparent bioavailability of some mineral elements. Ten male Wistar rats (98.9 g ± 25.6 g of body mass) were fed ad libitum with balanced diets. In the experimental diet 0.1 % of sweet chestnut extract (SCE) was added to the diet. Five days balance experiment takes place after fifteen days of adaptive period. SCE did not have any influence on the protein quality measurements or dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility. Tannin significantly (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.05) decreased the digestibility and bioavailability of Ca and Fe. The digestibility of Na was unchanged (97.76 % and 97.31 % in control and SCE group, respectively), but bioavailability significantly decreased in SCE group (53.16 %) as compared to the control group (74.17 %). On the contrary, the apparent digestibility of Se significantly increased, (64.25 %) in SCE group compared to the control group (52.31 %).

The research and analysis of the chocolate nut butter with polyfunctional properties

The usefulness of the protein and fat composition consisting of whey and blended mixture of vegetable oils in the production technology of chocolate nut butter with a sweet extract from stevia leaves is theoretically proved and verified under production conditions. The composition of the fatty base of the product comprising a mixture of refined sunflower oil and palm oil is developed. The paper examines the polyfunctionality of the chocolate nut butter on the human body, which is due to a high content of whey protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids of vegetable oils and complete replacement of sugar with the sweet extract from stevia leaves. The study of organoleptic characteristics and the chromatographic quantitative assessment of fatty acid and amino acid composition of the final product revealed that the resulting composition has a high nutritional and biological value. Adding the blended fat composition favorably affects the structure and fatty acid composition of the butter, allowing to obtain a product of a given structure and properties.

Olfactory response of Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava and sweet orange volatiles.

The behavioral responses of virgin and mated female Anastrepha striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) to guava (Psidium guajava L.) or sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) were evaluated separately using multilure traps in two-choice tests in field cages. The results showed that flies were more attracted to guava and sweet orange volatiles than to control (unbaited trap). The physiological state (virgin or mated) of females did not affect their attraction to the fruit volatiles. Combined analysis of gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD) of volatile extracts of both fruits showed that 1 and 6 compounds from orange and guava, respectively elicited repeatable antennal responses from mated females. The EAD active compounds in guava volatile extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as ethyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenol, hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. Linalool was identified as the only antennal active compound in sweet orange extracts. In field cage tests, there were no significant differences between the number of mated flies captured by the traps baited with guava extracts and the number caught by traps baited with the 6-component blend that was formulated according to the relative proportions in the guava extracts. Similar results occurred when synthetic linalool was evaluated against orange extracts. From a practical point of view, the compounds identified in this study could be used for monitoring A. striata populations.

Antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris and Prunus amygdalus extracts against bacterial wound infection

Eighty clinical swabs were collected from Patients suffering from wound infection, attending medical city hospital Sixty seven isolates were diagnosed ascausative agents, they were Klebsiella spp. (22.4 %), Escherichia coli (22.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Staphylolcoccus aureus(15%),Enterobacter spp(10.4%), Proteus spp (7.5%) Streptococcus spp (3%) and Acinetobacter spp.(1.5%); Eleven antibiotics were used for suscpitbility test of drugs. Most of isolates were sensitive to lmipenem in percentage 97% and Amikacin in percentage of 89.5% while most isolate were resistance for many antibiotics like Cefotaxim (89.5%), Tetracyclin (82%), Tobramycin (77.6%), Pipracilin (77.6%) and Gentamycin (77.6%), isolates from gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity (100%) for Vancomycin .Antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and prunus amygdalus against higher resistance isolates was estimated, using two folds dilution extracts in agardiffusion technique at concentrations of 1:2, 1:4 , 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 .Thymus vulgaris has shown anti bacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp., proteusspp. And Klebsiella spp.in all concentration were used .The lowest effect was on E.coli (12 mm, 8 mm) at concentration 1:2, 1:4. No effect was clear onPseudomonas spp., Staphylococus aureus and Streptococcus spp .Hexane extract of Sweet almond extract showed the best effect on Klebsiella spp.,Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. at all concentrations used, while E.coli andpseudomonas spp showed sensitivity concentrations of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, the activity on Gram positive bacteria :Staphylococus aureus and Straptococus spp. was atconcentrations of 1:2 , 1:4 by measuring inhibition zone which was (8mm,7mm) and (10mm,9mm) respectively.

Effect of sweet grass extract against oxidative stress in rat liver and serum

Ethanol metabolism is accompanied by generation of free radicals which can damage the cell components. However, sweet grass is a source of coumarin and its derivatives have emerged as a promising group of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study has been to investigate the influence of sweet grass on oxidative stress formation in the liver and serum of rats intoxicated with ethanol. Alcohol intoxication led to a decrease in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase activity in the blood serum as well as in the liver, but not in the glutathione reductase activity. The decrease in the antioxidant abilities of the examined tissues after ethanol intoxication resulted in enhanced lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal levels. The metabolic consequence of oxidative modifications of lipids was damage of the liver cells membrane and an increase in its permeability appeared as a leakage of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase into the blood. Administration of sweet grass to the ethanol-intoxicated rats remarkably prevented the significant increase in concentrations of all measured lipid peroxidation products as well as the damage of the liver cell membrane. These results indicate beneficial antioxidant effect of the sweet grass on the liver of rats intoxicated with ethanol.

Leonurus heterophyllus sweet extract improves hemorheology and inhibits thrombosis in rat with induced myocardial ischemia

The effects of Leonurus heterophyllus sweet (LHS) extract on hemorheological variables, platelet aggregation and thrombus formation ex vivo in rat with induced myocardial ischemia were investigated. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups. Rats in Group III to Group VI received intravenously LHS extract one time a day and continuously for 7 days, the dose of which was 20, 40, 80 and 100 mg/kg of LHS extract for each rat in Group III to Group VI respectively. While rats in Group I and Group II were administered with the same volume of 0.85% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as control. After the 7th administration of NaCl/LHS extract, rat myocardial ischemia was accomplished by ligating the left coronary arteries of rats in Group II to Group VI, rats in Group I served as sham-operated control. After 3 h of myocardial ischemia, blood sample was collected from carotid artery for investigation. In addition, another sixty normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped and treated as the same as mentioned above but no surgical preparation was performed, 0.5 ml blood was obtained from each rat for erythrocyte morphology analysis after 3 h of anoxia ex vivo. Results showed that after myocardial ischemia, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and plasma fibrinogen in rats all went up, platelet aggregation and thrombus formation ex vivo were both intensified (p < 0.05 and 0.001 compared with Group I). With the dose increased, however, LHS extract reduced blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, ESR, plasma fibrinogen that increased during myocardial ischemia, inhibited platelet aggregation rate induced by arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate and collagen respectively, and diminished the length, wet weight and dry weight of thrombus formed ex vivo (p < 0.05 and 0.01 compared with Group II). In addition, after anoxia ex vivo, the perimeter, perimeter/area ratio and form factor of erythrocyte increased significantly, and the area of erythrocyte reduced obviously (p < 0.001, compared with Group I), while in LHS extract treated groups, the changes in morphological parameters of erythrocyte were significantly improved with the dose of LHS extract increased (p < 0.05 and 0.01, compared with Group II). Consequently, LHS extract improves hemorheological variables, inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation ex vivo during myocardial ischemia in a dose-dependent manner. It is indicated that LHS is a kind of potential herbs in relieving myocardial ischemia. Key words: leonurus heterophyllus sweet, extract, hemorheological variables, platelet aggregation, thrombus

Abstract 768: Sweet gum extract inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer PC3 cells through suppression of mTOR pathway, but through MAPK pathways in DU145 prostate cancer cells

Abstract A methanolic fruit extract (LIS-100) of sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) containing lupine and oleanane-type triterpenoids has shown potential in inhibiting the proliferation of multiple human cancer cell lines particularly against human prostate cancer cells (Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res, 1431, 2008). Here we further investigated the inhibition of LIS-100 on prostate cancer cells with wildtype PTEN (DU145) and PTEN -mutant (PC3) prostate cancer cells and associated molecular mechanisms. LIS-100 inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells at IC50 of 3.0 ± 0.2 µg/ml and DU145 cells at IC50 of 39.1 ± 2.5 μg/ml, a 13-fold potency difference. LIS-100 altered the cell cycle at G1 phase and induced apoptosis at 10 µg/ml in the PC3 and LNCaP cells, whereas it induced autophagic cell death at 25 to 40 µg/ml in the DU145 cells evidenced by increased expression of LC3 proteins (hallmark for autophagic cell death) and acrine orange staining. These effects were time- (24 to 72 hrs) and concentration-dependent (2.5 to 10 µg/ml for PC3 and 10 to 40 µg/ml for DU145). In PC3 cells, the expression of CDK4 and Cyclin D1 was inhibited. In contrast, it was CDK2 and CDK7 that were reduced in DU145 cells, suggesting different molecular targets of LIS-100 in PC3 and DU145 cells. When PC3 cells were treated with LIS-100 (0.5 to 5 µg/ml), the activity of both PI3K and mTOR were inhibited at almost equal ED50 (5.5 and 4.25 µg/ml, respectively). However, the expression of mTOR was inhibited to a greater degree, at least 3-fold, over PI3K/Akt proteins in PC3 cells. Functional Proteomic Array analyses confirmed that LIS-100 (2.5 to 5 µg/ml) not only inhibited proteins associated with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways (e.g. Akt, p70S6K, S6, elF4EP, GSK3, TSC2), also suppressed upstream of PI3-kinase cell signaling pathways (IGFr, and IRS-1 proteins) in PC3 cells. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effect of LIS-100 was reduced by 46% in mTOR siRNA-transfected PC3 cells from the control siRNA-transfected cells, confirming the important role of mTOR cell signaling pathway in LIS-100 mediated cell growth suppression in this particular cell. In contrast, when DU145 cells were treated with LIS-100 at 25 µg/ml, the phosphorylation of Akt, p70S6K, and pS6 was not affected, whereas pERK and pSTAT3 levels were reduced. Interestingly, LIS-100 reduced the formation of both anti-apoptotic lipid mediators 5-HETE and 12-HETE and increased the production of tumor suppressor 15-HETE in both PC3 and LNCaP cells, no such effects were observed in DU145 cells. These results suggest antiproliferative effect of sweet gum in prostate cancer cells is mediated through different molecular mechanisms. The important role of PTEN status on sweet gum elicited anti-proliferative activity on prostate cancer is currently under investigation. This study was supported by NIH grant 1R21 AT004514-01A1 to P. Yang. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 768.