Wound Suture Research Articles

The Effect of Otaria Exercise for Perineal Wounds in Postpartum Women in the Karang Intan 2 Health Center Banjar South Kalimantan

One of the causes of maternal mortality is infection during the puerperium at 11%. Infections during the puerperium can come from birth canal openings which are a good medium for germs to develop. This researh used a Quasi-experiment approach. Respondents were divided into 2 groups, control group who did not perform Otaria exercises and treatment group who performed Otaria exercises. The p value <0.05, meaning that there is an effect of Otaria exercises on Perineal Wound Healing in postpartum women in the Karang Intan 2 Health Center area. Otaria exercises can improve blood circulation to the perineum, the state of clean oxygen-rich blood is expected to help in the healing process of perineal suture wounds.

Alternating suture and staple placement for linear high-tension scalp wounds: A video walk-through

Alternating suture and staple placement for linear high-tension scalp wounds: A video walk-through

A fully integrated flexible wireless sensing system for wound flatness diagnosis

In both plastic surgery and burn treatment departments, the management of postoperative wounds is a crucial element of surgical care, profoundly influencing patient recovery and the broader spectrum of healthcare outcomes. The monitoring of wound flatness after surgery, although a pivotal component of this process, is frequently underemphasized. In most cases, this parameter can only be judged based on doctors’ personal experience. Here, we propose a compact, fully integrated wireless sensing system encapsulated by soft biocompatible materials for quantitative assessment of wound flatness and long-term temperature. The absence of physical tethers and the ion-gel-based construction of the micro-structured sensor represent key defining features, resulting in high measurement resolution of 2 mm radius and 0.096 Ω/°C and reliable capabilities. In addition, these sensors can be connected to the server network or mobile clients to evaluate the state of postoperative suture wounds and monitor the patient’s recovery status. With our devices, detailed data on smoothness and temperature of sutured wounds can be collected, analyzed, and stored for medical assistance as well as being used to improve the quality of surgery.

Interns' Perceived Level of Proficiency After General Surgery Rotation: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia.

The role of interns during general surgical rotation is crucial in shaping their future careers as surgeons. Surgical rotation offers a unique opportunity to gain valuable hands-on experience in fast-paced and challenging environments. However, interns often face significant challenges in obtaining the necessary practical training to develop proficiency in surgical techniques. This article aims to analyze some aspects of the accumulated competency of interns during their general surgery rotation, focusing on the range of skills and knowledge gained, in addition to the challenges faced. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an anonymous web-based self-assessment questionnaire. The target population of the study included all Jazan University medical interns enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. Most participants showed low-to-average levels of proficiency in monitoring clinical evolution and treatment plans, ranging from fundamental awareness (n = 17, 17.5%) to working knowledge (n = 51, 52.6%), with only three participants (3.1%) reporting an expert level of proficiency. The same pattern was observed in the documentation of patient records (range: 7.2%, n = 7 for fundamental awareness to 42.3%, n = 41 for working knowledge). However, a significant proportion saw themselves as either proficient (n = 23, 23.7%) or experts (n = 15, 15.5%) in this aspect. Regarding bedside procedures, such as venipuncture, proctoscopy, nasogastric tube insertion, and urethral catheterization, the participants showed different proficiency levels, with the lowest in proctoscopy, where 66 (68.0%) of the participants reported only fundamental awareness. The results also revealed low perceived proficiency in performing surgical skin incisions, wound suturing, knot tying, application of surgical skin clips, and abscess drainage, with the lowest proficiency observed in the excision of superficial lumps as more than half of the participants reported only fundamental awareness (n = 51, 52.6%). The results of this study indicate that documentation and monitoring of patient progress are the competencies mastered most by the majority of interns during their rotations in general surgery. However, the interns' overall level of proficiency in bedside procedures and basic surgical skills acquired during their rotation was low to average. Additionally, interns were dissatisfied with their training and the opportunities provided for them to actively engage in performing procedures in the operating room. This low proficiency is unrelated to pre-internship academic achievement, sex, or interest in future surgical careers. This suggests that efforts are needed to develop strategies to enhance interns' satisfaction and engagement, ultimately improving their overall experience during internships.

Knotless suture in revision total joint arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

The use of barbed sutures for wound closure in primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has been shown to be effective and safe. However, their effectiveness and safety in revision TJA procedures has not been thoroughly studied. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using barbed suture closure in revision TJA setting. A total of 80 patients undergoing revision TJA between September 2020 and November 2022 were included in this randomized controlled trial study. Following informed consent, patients were computer-randomized to the treatment arm (barbed suture wound closure) or to the control arm (conventional wound closure). Closure duration, closure rate, number of sutures used and wound related outcomes including complication rates and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) score were compared between groups. The use of barbed sutures decreased closure time by 6min (30.1 vs. 36.1min, P = 0.008) with a higher wound closure rate (6.5 vs. 5.5mm/minute, P = 0.013). Additionally, the number of sutures used for wound closure in the barbed group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.2 vs. 10.1, respectively, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the rate of postoperative wound complications (P = 0.556) or patient and observer POSAS scores (P = 0.211, P = 297, respectively) between the two groups at 3-month follow-up. Closure of revision TJA surgical wound utilizing barbed sutures reduced closure time and the number of needles handled by operative staff, with no significant increase in intra- or post-operative complications rate when compared to traditional closure technique. I.

Does the use of surgical face masks reduce postoperative infections in traumatic wounds sutured outside hospital? A randomized study at a Norwegian casualty center

Objective To investigate if wearing surgical face mask by doctors and nurses during suturing of traumatic wounds has any impact on postoperative infection rate. Design Randomized controlled study with masked or unmasked health personnel groups. Setting A Norwegian Minor Injury Department. Subjects Adult patients with traumatic wounds sutured at the clinic between 7 October 2019 and 28 May 2020. Main outcome measures Postoperative infections of sutured wounds. Results One hundred and sixty-five patients with 176 wounds were included in the study. Nine out of 88 wounds (10.2%) in the masked group and 11 out of 88 wounds in the unmasked group (12.5%) had a wound infection. Conclusions Despite a higher percentage of postoperative infections in the unmasked than in the masked group (12.5% versus 10.2%), the difference was not statistically significant (p = .6). This might imply that the use of facemasks during suture of traumatic wounds in an outpatient setting does not significantly reduce the number of infections. However, due to the covid pandemic, the study had to be prematurely stopped before the planned number of participants had been recruited (n = 594). This increases the risk of type II error.

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Ibu Tentang Perawatan Perineum Terhadap Lama Penyembuhan Luka Jahitan Perineum di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Campaka Cianjur Tahun 2023

Perineal wounds are injuries to the urogenital diaphragm and anal muscle during vaginal delivery, either normal delivery or instrumental delivery. Knowledge is a very important domain for the formation of a person's attitudes and behavior. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding perineal suture wound care and the healing time for perineal suture wounds. This type of quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The research was conducted in June-July 2023. The research population was postpartum mothers with perineal wounds in June-July 2023. The total was 30 people. The population in this study was 30 people. The sampling technique is the total sampling population. The research results obtained from 30 respondents showed that there were 22 mothers who had good knowledge (73.3%), 22 mothers who had a positive attitude (73.3%), 23 mothers who had good behavior (76%). .7%). The results of the Chi-Square analysis test for the knowledge category obtained a p value = 0.002 (p = &lt;0.05), for the attitude category the p value = 0.002 &lt; (0.05) while for behavior the p value = 0.001 &lt; (0). .05). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding perineal wound care and the healing time for perineal wound sutures in the work area of the UPTD Campaka Community Health Center in 2023. The suggestion is that postpartum mothers should improve their behavior regarding wound care as an effort to speed up the healing of perineal wounds.

How to Optimize Epidermal Approximation During Wound Suturing Using a Smartphone Camera

How to Optimize Epidermal Approximation During Wound Suturing Using a Smartphone Camera

Cyanoacrylate vs. sutures in clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds - a randomised control study.

Various techniques of closure of surgical incisions have been described ranging from various suture materials, staples and tapes to adhesive compounds. Cyanoacrylate is an adhesive compound available for surgical incision closure. Although sutures have been the preferred universal choice for surgical incision closure, glue is gaining popularity in specific places like pediatric injuries, facial injuries, laparoscopic incision closure, etc. This study aimed to compare the results between the application of cyanoacrylate and conventional suturing. In this randomized control study, patients were divided into two groups of 100 each. The surgical incisions were closed using cyanoacrylate glue in Group A patients and polyamide (EthilonTM 2-0) in Group B patients. Post-operative pain was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale on the first, third, and seventh day. The wounds were evaluated for complications on post-op days 1, 3, 7, and 30 using the ASEPSIS score. Cosmetic outcome was assessed at the end of first month using the Modified Hollander Cosmesis Scale. Post-operative pain was significantly less in the glue group on days 1, 3, and 7. Wound infection with dehiscence occurred in 4 cases (4 %) in Group A and one patient (1 %) in Group B, which was statistically insignificant. There was no significant difference in cosmetic outcomes in either Group. Cyanoacrylate is a good alternative to sutures in skin closure of clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds.

Fournier’s gangrene wounds successfully healed with High pbserum enzymes: a case report

Fournier’s gangrene is an aggressive form of infective necrotizing fasciitis in the perianal and genital area. In this article we discuss the case of a 75-year-old male patient diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene with the entire perianal region affected. Surgical washings were performed and debridement with multiple flaps were required for reconstruction. Complications in the suture wounds, cavities, and a seroma were observed after 5 weeks, and they were treated with dressings. Treatment with High pbserum recombinant enzymes was initiated after 3 weeks, to accelerate the closure of the wounds. The granulation tissue was irrigated by drip irrigation once every 3 weeks, ensuring good tissue impregnation. We observed that the epithelialization of the affected areas was achieved after the first week, and in 1 month, most of the wounds healed properly without signs of infection. High pbserum is an enzyme cocktail, composed of higher collagenase concentration, lipase, and liase. This study shows how High pbserum improves and accelerates wound healing in a patient with Fournier’s gangrene. Further investigations are needed to conclude treatment recommendations.

“A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF NIMBAADI LEPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRASUTAA YONI KSHATA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EPISIOTOMY WOUND.”

Prasutaa Yoni Kshata comes under the category of Sadyovrana, subcategorized as Chinna / Kshta Vrana (cut wound). Despite the rich blood supply of the perineum, which facilitates easy wound healing, there is still a risk of contamination by lochia, faeces, urine, etc., so there is a need for proper care of episiotomy wounds to avoid complications. Study design: An open-labelled randomised control clinical trial with pre-and post-test designs. Materials and methods: 40 Females who underwent normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 20 each. In Group A, Nimbaadi Lepa was applied on the surface of a su-tured episiotomy wound with 1/4th Angula (0.44cms approx.) thickness, and in Group B (control) Kumari Majja with Haridra Lepa was applied two times a day for seven days. Follow-ups: on the 7th and 15th day. Results ob-tained were tabulated and statistically analysed using the Friedman, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Mann- Whitney U tests. Both groups showed statistically significant results within the group. Comparison between 2 groups shows Nimbaadi Lepa is slightly more effective than Kumari Majja with Haridra Lepa. Conclusion: Both the formulations proved effective on statistical value in terms of Vrana shodhana, Vrana ropana, Vedanasthapana, and Shothahara properties for episiotomy wound healing.

Preliminary results of Polish national multicenter LILEO study on ileostomy reversal.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Ileostomy reversal is a common surgical procedure and currently standardized perioperative and surgical protocols are lacking.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; LILEO study was designed to perform a multicenter analysis on numerous perioperative parameters and estimation of the incidence of postoperative complications.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; The study is an open multicenter prospective cohort study. Preliminary results of the LILEO study after 3 months were available from 18 Polish surgical centers comprising full data of 59 patients who underwent ileostomy reversal.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Parameters such as preoperative care, surgical technique, postoperative course and complications were analyzed. Preoperative fasting was used in 49.1% of patients. Fifty nine percent of anastomosis were handsewn and in 72.9% of patients had primary single suture wound closure. Mean length of hospital stay was 7.9 days (min 2 days, max 26 days). Complications occurred overall in 20 patients (33.9%). In 11.9% of patient's complications had grade III A/B in Clavien-Dindo classification.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Discussion:&lt;/b&gt; The perioperative care in the group of patients undergoing ileostomy reversal still lacks standardized and optimized treatment.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Ileostomy removal is a procedure with high risk of postoperative complications. Standardization of perioperative care based on further multicenter national study could result in a decrease of complications rate.&lt;/br&gt.

The effect of Xylocaine spray on suture material degradation.

To compare the tensile strength of fast absorbable Polyglactin 910 suture material when impregnated with various agents for local anesthesia and to investigate whether the presence of ethanol in Xylocaine spray could explain a potential reduction in tensile strength after use of Xylocaine spray. In all, 120 suture samples of Polyglactin 910 were divided into four groups of 30. These four groups were randomly impregnated with isotonic sodium chloride, isotonic sodium chloride plus Xylocaine spray, isotonic sodium chloride plus Xylocaine gel, or isotonic sodium chloride plus ethanol. After impregnation, the sutures were stored in sealed glass tubes in a heating cabinet at 37°C for 72 h. Thereafter, the tensile strength of these 120 samples was assessed by a universal tensile testing machine. The maximal force needed to break the suture material was recorded in newtons (N). Fast absorbable Polyglactin 910 suture material impregnated with Xylocaine spray or ethanol showed weakened tensile strength (mean values 11.40 and 11.86 N, respectively), whereas the specimens impregnated with Xylocaine gel or sodium chloride retained their tensile strength better (mean values 13.81 and 13.28 N, respectively; mean difference between Xylocaine gel and Xylocaine spray -2.41 N, P < 0.001). In this invitro experiment, ethanol and Xylocaine spray weakened the tensile strength of fast absorbable Polyglactin 910 sutures. Use of Xylocaine spray, which contains ethanol, for local anesthesia might lead to early breakdown of the suture material and wound rupture. The authors suggest caution when using Xylocaine spray in combination with fast absorbable Polyglactin 910 suture.

Pattern of prescriptions and prudent use of antimicrobial in horse practice at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Antimicrobial prescriptions of the University of Pisa and their compliance with prudent use recommendations were investigated over 11 years (2011−2021). At least one antimicrobial was always prescribed in surgical prophylaxis for the suture of wounds and in 33% of horses with signs of disease of a body system. Antimicrobials were administered in monotherapy (48%) in fixed dose combinations (21%) and empirical combinations (31%). Antimicrobials were mostly (63%) administered by parenteral route, while oral and topical antimicrobials accounted for 14% and 23% of prescriptions, respectively. Gentamicin, benzylpenicillin and ceftiofur were the most prescribed antimicrobials; aminoglycosides, penicillins and cephalosporins were the most common class of antimicrobial prescribed. Protected antimicrobials (WHO HPCIA and rifampicin) represented 24% of antimicrobial dispensations. The pattern of classes of antimicrobial used by body system was broad and included up to eight different pharmaceutical classes. The heterogeneity of antimicrobial use was confirmed by the estimate of the prescription diversity index. Antimicrobial prescriptions were in compliance with prudent use recommendations in terms of availability of diagnosis, respect of the dose range and duration of treatment On the contrary, principles of appropriate antimicrobial use have only been partially observed in relation to off-label use, use of antimicrobials in empirical combination, use of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and use of protected antimicrobials, suggesting that additional interventions are required to improve the responsible use of antimicrobials use in our equine practice.

Application of sutureless corneal incision for patients with congenital ectopia lentis - Is it feasible, effective and safe?

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes, feasibility, and safety between groups with sutured and sutureless wound closure in congenital ectopia lentis (CEL) patients. Methods: Patients with CEL who received phacoemulsification combined with intrascleral fixation of capsular hook (CH) and implantation of capsular tension ring (CTR) and in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) were included in this study. Results: A total of 68 eyes of 34 patients aged 18 years or younger were enrolled in this study. Incisions of 21 patients (34 eyes) did not require sutures while sutures were applied in 21 patients (34 eyes). Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity, best corrected distance visual acuity and intraocular pressure measurements were comparable on follow-up visits (P > 0.05). The magnitude of surgically induced astigmatism was significantly greater (P = 0.001) in the suture group (Median: 0.47; IQ: 1.63, 2.97) than in the sutureless group (Median: 0.88; IQ: 0.63, 1.35). No cases of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment were found postoperatively in either group, while suture-related complications were observed in the sutured group, including loose suture with discomfort in 5 (14.71%) eyes, loose suture with mucus infiltration in 3 (8.82%) eyes. In total, 22 sutures (64.71%) of 34 eyes required removal. Conclusions: Sutureless clear corneal incision in CEL patients can achieve satisfactory clinical results comparable to sutured wound closure in terms of the efficacy and safety. Advantages of this approach are the reduced risk of suture-related complications, no need for additional surgery under general anesthesia for suture removal, and less cost.

Clinical application effect of pedunculated rectus abdominis muscle combined with bilateral ureters for repairing refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula through external vesical drainage

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.

Comparison of 27-gauge beveled-tip and 25-gauge flat-tip microincision vitrectomy surgery in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized controlled trial

PurposeTo compare the effectiveness and safety of a 27-gauge (27G) beveled-tip microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) with a 25-gauge (25G) flat-tip MIVS for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsA prospective, single-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial included 52 eyes (52 patients) with PDR requiring proliferative membrane removal. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo the 27G beveled-tip and or 25G flat-tip MIVS (the 27G group and the 25G group, respectively). During surgery, the productivity of cutting the membrane, the number of vitrectomy probe (VP) exchanges to microforceps, total operation time, vitrectomy time and intraoperative complications were measured. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and postoperative complications were also assessed to month 6.ResultsForty-seven eyes (47 patients) completed the follow-up, including 25 in the 27G group and 22 in the 25G group. During surgery in the 27G group, cutting the membrane was more efficient (P = 0.001), and the number of VP exchanges to microforceps was lower (P = 0.026). The occurrences of intraoperative hemorrhages and electrocoagulation also decreased significantly (P = 0.004 and P = 0.022). There were no statistical differences in the total operation time or vitrectomy time between the two groups (P = 0.275 and P = 0.372), but the former was slightly lower in the 27G group. Additionally, the 27G group required fewer wound sutures (P = 0.044). All the follow-up results revealed no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared with the 25G flat-tip MIVS, the 27G beveled-tip MIVS could be more efficient in removing the proliferative membrane while reducing the occurrence of intraoperative hemorrhages and electrocoagulation using appropriate surgical techniques and instrument parameters. Its vitreous removal performance was not inferior to that of the 25G MIVS and might offer potential advantages in total operation time. In terms of patient outcomes, advanced MIVS demonstrates equal effectiveness and safety to 25G flat-tip MIVS.Trial registrationThe clinical trial has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT0544694) on 07/07/2022. And all patients in the article were enrolled after registration.

Epidemiology of limb trauma interventions in France: Current state and future projections

ContextThe distributions and projections of trauma, treated according to the anatomical region, have not been studied in France. The objectives of this study were to obtain French epidemiological data specific to trauma procedures in orthopedic surgery, as well as to establish a statistical trend on the evolution of medical and surgical procedures resulting from this, since 2013 and over the years to come. Our hypothesis was that an increasing trend in trauma procedures since 2013 exists, with an epidemiological forecast of a continuing increase over 50 years, mainly in the context of the management of osteoporotic fractures related to the ageing French population. Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective study using national data to obtain completion of procedures between the start of 2013 and the end of 2021. ResultsFrom 2013 to 2021, we noted a total of 5,216,567 procedures related to orthopedic traumatology for an average of 579,618 procedures per year. We noted an overall increase in all procedures, continuing from 2013 to 2019, with an average annual increase of 1.125%. The most commonly performed procedure was osteosynthesis, with an average of 276,989 procedures per year. This was followed by wound sutures with an average of 185,023 procedures, orthopedic reductions of fractures and/or dislocations at an average of 62,960, then arthroplasties with 25,425 procedures per year, musculotendinous ruptures were 19,755 procedures per year, surgical reductions of fractures and/or dislocations represented 6920 procedures per year, and fasciotomies with 2848 procedures. From 2013 to 2021, there was an annual average of 276,989 osteosynthesis procedures. Open osteosynthesis, with an average of 146,547 procedures per year, represented 55% of osteosynthesis procedures. Fractures of the proximal end of the femur represented 79,549 procedures on average per year, including 46,621 (58%) involving the trochanter, while 32,852 (41%) were of the femoral neck. Wrist fractures accounted for an annual average of 55,300. Hand fractures represented an annual average of 38,444, of which 52.2% were closed (17,778). On average, 1000 fractures per year involved the carpus without scaphoid involvement, and 2177 scaphoid fractures. Ankle fractures represented 37,951 procedures on average per year, including 74% of the malleolar complex (28,199). Leg fractures represented 17,613 procedures per year, 58% tibial diaphysis (10,091), 41% tibial plateau (6,857). The strengths of this study are the exhaustiveness of the data, presenting all the Common Classification of Medical Procedures (CCAM) chosen during the defined period. ConclusionThis study allowed us to establish, to our knowledge, the first epidemiological database of French orthopedic traumatology. Level of evidenceIV; epidemiological descriptive study.

Современные методы профилактики пролиферативной витреоретинопатии при обширных проникающих ранениях склеры

Relevance. Currently, there is no single algorithm for the management of patients with extensive penetrating wounds of the sclera, and the frequency of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, leading to adverse outcomes, is very high. Purpose. To present relevant data about prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy with extensive penetrating wounds of the sclera, as well as to identify the most effective methods. Material and methods. To complete this review, a literature search was carried out on the databases CyberLeninka, eLIBRARY, PubMed, using the keywords «proliferative vitreoretinopathy», «penetrating wounds of the sclera», «eye injury», «vitrectomy». Preference was given to scientific papers over the past 15 years. Results. There are various approaches in the treatment of severe penetrating wounds. Classical primary microsurgical treatment involves external treatment, suturing of the sclera wound, and delayed optical-reconstructive surgery (including vitrectomy) are performed 1–2 weeks after the acute inflammation reduces. As a rule, in the case of extensive wounds with a whole set of concomitant risk factors, this time is sufficient to trigger pathological proliferation, which aggravates the course of the wound process. This review presents publications proving that the treatment of severe complicated penetrating wounds of the sclera should go beyond the classical treatment and be aimed at early warning and prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Conclusion. Modern data prove the indisputable advantage of early vitrectomy performed with extensive penetrating scleral and corneoscleral wounds. Vitrectomy in combination with other methods of prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy is the most promising direction for the future research. Key words: proliferative vitreoretinopathy, penetrating wounds of the sclera, eye injury, vitrectomy

TRANSCONJUNCTIVAL ENUCLEATION OF PROLAPSE BULBUS OCULI SINISTRA IN A FEMALE PERSIAN CAT

A Persian cat named Mochi, one and a half years old, female and not yet sterilized, experienced a condition where her eyeballs popped out of the orbital cavity due to trauma from fighting. Based on the history and results of physical examination, the animal was diagnosed with left bulbus oculi prolapse with an infausta prognosis. The action taken to handle this case is the transconjunctival enucleation operation of the bulbus oculi sinistra which aims to remove blind and sick eyes as a last option when the disease cannot be cured with drug therapy. Postoperative systemic therapy by giving the antibiotic cefotaxime injection at a dose of 0.65 mg, via intravenous (IV), given twice a day for three days, then followed by oral antibiotic cefixime trihydrate at a dose of 25 mg, given twice daily for five days to prevent secondary infection. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory tolfenamic acid was given at a dose of 0.26 mg, by subcutaneous (SC), given once a day for five days. In addition, the oral vitamin Livron B.plex® is given as much as one tablet per day, given for seven days. The surgical wound was also cleaned using chlorhexidine, then smeared with Bioplacenton® ointment containing placenta extract 10% neomycin sulfate, applied sufficiently to the surgical wound at intervals of twice a day and also applied povidone iodine once a day until the wound dries. The process of recovering animals after enucleation surgery takes 10 days and shows good wound healing results and conditions. After treatment, it is necessary to routinely examine the suture wound and provide Elizabeth's collar so that the stitches are not scratched.