Suture Points Research Articles

Relationship of squamosal suture to asterion on external skull surfaces versus endocasts of pongids: Implications for Hadar early hominid AL 162‐28

The relationship between the squamosal suture and asterion was quantified in 15 hemispheres of eight chimpanzee endocasts that were aligned in the conventional lateral view (i.e., with frontal pole [FP]-occipital pole [OP] horizontal). Using a three-dimensional digitizer, x, y, and z coordinates were collected for the highest and lowest points of the squamosal suture, and the most rostral point of the suture approximate to the coronal suture. Our results were compared to a similar study of the squamosal suture on the external surfaces of chimpanzee skulls that were oriented in the Frankfurt horizontal (Holloway and Shapiro, 1992). The relationship between the squamosal suture and asterion differs markedly between the outsides of skulls and endocasts. Whereas the squamosal suture is very rarely below asterion on the external skull, we found that most of the squamosal suture is located inferior to asterion on endocasts. We also found that the squamosal suture courses approximately 2.0 mm lower on the right side than the left. (An asymmetry of the same magnitude was reported for the external skull but, curiously, in the opposite direction.) It may be that a lowered right squamosal endosuture on chimpanzee endocasts is associated with earlier closure on that side. The discrepancy in results for the external skull versus endocast is partially attributable to orienting chimpanzee skulls in the Frankfurt horizontal, which usually results in the endocasts being tilted so that FP is above OP, i.e., FP-OP is not parallel with the Frankfurt horizontal. Falk's (1985) orientation of the early hominid endocast from Hadar (AL 162-28) is consistent with data determined from endocasts of chimpanzees.

Poor Growth of Mammalian Motor and Sensory Axons Into Intact Proximal Nerve Stumps

Wallerian degeneration is very slow in the mouse strain now known as C57BL/Ola. Sensory axon regrowth following peripheral nerve lesions is very poor in these animals but motor axons succeed in reinnervating the distal nerve stump even while the majority of severed axons are still intact (Lunn et al., Eur. J. Neurosci., 1, 27 - 33, 1989). To see if motor axons could grow into a completely undegenerated portion of nerve, the proximal stumps of the peroneal and tibial nerves were sutured together in six BALB/c mice and the ability of large motor and sensory fibres from the tibial nerve to grow into the peroneal nerve was examined electrophysiologically in four of them. For the acute experiment the peroneal nerve was cut approximately 7 mm central to the point of suture to the tibial nerve. Both at 2 weeks and 7 weeks after surgery the size of the potential recorded in the ventral roots on stimulating the portion of peroneal nerve into which tibial axons were directed to grow was only approximately 8% of the potential recorded when the tibial nerve was itself stimulated. The potential recorded in the dorsal roots was only approximately 2%. Counts of axon numbers in electron micrographs showed a small but non-significant increase over normal in the number of unmyelinated axons in the peroneal nerves which had been connected to the tibial nerve in this way. It is concluded, in agreement with Langley and Anderson (J. Physiol., 31, 365 - 391, 1904), that axon growth into intact nerves is extremely limited in mammals and that the distal nerve stump of C57BL/Ola mice, although it degenerates very slowly, is not therefore equivalent to an intact peripheral nerve.

A longitudinal study of morphological craniofacial patterns via P-A X-ray headfilms in cleft patients from birth to six years of age

652 P-A X-ray headfilms of 51 unilateral cleft lip and palate, UCLP; 27 bilateral cleft lip and palate, BCLP; and 62 isolated cleft palate, CP were studied longitudinally at 0—3 months, 4—6 months, and annually from 1:0—6:0 years. Breadth change, height change, and growth direction of nine paired landmarks were investigated by means of the rectangular coordinate system with right to left zygomatico-frontal suture (Zf) point line as the X-axis and the perpendicular line to this X-axis at the mid-point between the right and left Zf points as the X-axis. Major findings were: (1) Study of Sphenoid body, interorbital, bizygomatico-frontal suture, and bi-zygomatic arch breadths showed that BCLP had a significantly broader face than either UCLP or CP. An apparent tendency to hypertelorism still remained at 6:0 in this group while UCLP and CP groups were both close to the Bolton Standards. (2) Nasal and maxillary breadths of BCLP and UCLP were significantly wider during the first year than in CF, but they showed only a slight growth change after the age of one year, compared to constant growth in CF. (3) All marked structural differences disappeared by 6:0 suggesting the effects of lip and/ or palate surgery. (4) A slight cross-bite was found in UCLP and BCLP, but there was no such cross-bite in GP. (5) The effect of clefting was seen in mandi-bular dimensions where the bigonial notch was slightly broader than in non-cleft averages. (6) Upper facial height occlusal height, and posterior total facial height in each cleft group seemed to be larger than the Standard, though both maxillary height and gonial notch height approximated the Standard by 6:0 (7) From 023—6z0, there was no noteworthy difference among the cleft groups in either growth direction or facial symmetry of upper face and mandible. It was only in the mid-facial and dental areas that notable characteristics peculiar to the type of cleft were found. The landmarks of nasal aperture, maxilla, and dental arch showed a slight. medial displacement on the affected side, although the degree and amount depended on the cleft-type.

Two-Stage Tenoplasty in injury of the flexor tendons of the hand

A new method for flexor-tendon grafting is proposed, namely, two-stage tenoplasty. In the first stage, the cut ends of the tendons of the superficial and deep flexors of the respective finger are sutured to one another at the lumbrical muscle level. Thus, a pedicled tendon graft is created. In the second stage, the superficial flexor tendon is severed at the level of the musculotendinous junction and is dissected up to the previous suture point. The pedicle is then reversed, and its end is fixed to the distal phalanx. My experience comprises thirty-four tendon grafts in twenty-seven patients. Assessment of the results, according to the criteria of Boyes, shows very encouraging end results, both cosmetically and functionally.

Two-Stage Tenoplasty in Injury of the Flexor Tendons of the Hand

JBJS Journal Case Connector Reviews JBJS.org Surgical Techniques Open Access JOPA JBJS.org JBJS Journal Case Connector Reviews Surgical Techniques Open Access JOPA

New liver suture.

Current interest in hepatic resections 1 for various benign and malignant tumors has caused physicians at the Memorial Hospital to seek methods for decreasing blood loss. Bleeding from the point of suture has been most troublesome when the conventional eye-type needles and sutures are used. The doubled suture at the butt of the needle tears the thin liver capsule and vascular parenchyma, which results in massive blood loss during extended liver resections. After four years of extensive clinical and laboratory trial at the Memorial Hospital with various sizes of sutures (000 to 3) and needles (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 3.5 in.) with blunt and taper points, our final choice was a size 1 chromic gut suture swaged on a half circle 3.5-in. taper point needle with a diameter of 0.046 in. This atraumatic suture permits an adequate amount of tissue to be encompassed in a single bite and is large

Procidentia: A new operation for cure of fourth degree prolapse

“Vaginal hysterectomy formed no part of the operation of prolapse … in removal of cervix, loose the last stable suture point.” He further states he was unable to see through because there was no way to “hitch the cervix up.” Shaw mentions the matter of prolapse by stating, “Vaginal total hysterectomy, usually done but some operators retain the cervix which gives a better anatomical and functional result.”