Sustainable Spatial Development Research Articles

Große Transformation für eine Nachhaltige Raumentwicklung als Herausforderung für die raumbezogene Hochschullehre

Climatic and ecological changes across the globe represent a challenge for humanity that can only be solved through a great transformation, that is, a widespread shift toward sustainable spatial development. This means addressing transformation needs in all systems to recognize that civil society, economies and politics are all predetermined by planetary boundaries. This transformation demands that the fields of applied spatial science and spatial planning identify strategies and solutions. This paper examines the extent to which these topics are already being addressed by the university-level spatial studies programs currently training future planners. It develops and examines criteria for evaluating these programs using guideline-based interviews and literature research to perform detailed analysis of selected programs. The study demonstrates that not only specialist knowledge, but also personal and methodological skills are crucial to the success for far-reaching change processes and, ultimately, a society-wide paradigm shift. In some cases, these skills are already being addressed by individual spatial studies programs, especially planning programs. However, there remains a need to accelerate the cultivation of independent learning skills and collaboration in inter- and transdisciplinary teams. Accordingly, this paper proposes a differentiated view of teaching and learning formats in higher education and encourages deepening the focus of spatial studies programs on sustainability and transformation issues.

Sustainable Spatial Development of Multifunctional Villages: A Case Study of Eastern Poland

The decline in the role of agriculture as the basis for the livelihood of rural residents has led to the development of new directions for rural transformation. In Poland, the concept of multifunctional development has gained the most popularity. However, it does not have a defined spatial development model. There has also been no research into how the development of non-agricultural functions affects spatial development and to what extent this development is sustainable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to show and compare the changes that have taken place over the last 40–50 years in the spatial arrangements of development in traditional agricultural villages and in villages with different non-agricultural functions (tourist, industrial, and service functions). At the same time, we want to indicate which of these functions have contributed to the development of the most sustainable spatial arrangements. To this end, we selected three indicators of sustainable development of rural space: compactness of buildings, continuation of traditional rural layouts, and availability of services, and then carried out an analysis of changes in these indicators on the basis of archival and current cartographic materials and data on service facilities. We conducted the research for four municipalities in eastern Poland (50 villages). The results indicate the predominance of negative spatial phenomena such as the deterioration of the accessibility of services and spatial development contrary to historical spatial layouts. There is a spillover of development in the form of discontinuous, chaotic clusters of buildings often having the character of suburbia and, consequently, the disappearance of village centres, worsening walkability, and blurring of village boundaries. The only positive change is an increase in the compactness of buildings—mainly in villages that previously had a dispersed character. It is difficult to identify village functions that would unequivocally favour spatial sustainability. The service villages showed slight advantages in terms of social (availability of services) and environmental (compactness of buildings) factors. In contrast, the development of agricultural villages was more favourable in cultural terms (traditional village layouts). In all aspects, negative changes were recorded in industrial villages and (the worst results) in tourist villages. However, the trends were similar in all municipalities, which draws attention primarily to the lack of a rational spatial policy related to multifunctional village development.

Urban Growth Pattern Changes Model in Small Island of Aceh Province, Indonesia: Implications for Sustainable Spatial Development

Urban Growth Pattern Changes Model in Small Island of Aceh Province, Indonesia: Implications for Sustainable Spatial Development

Land-Use Change Dynamics in Areas Subjected to Direct Urbanization Pressure: A Case Study of the City of Olsztyn

Urbanization is one of the most visible symptoms of global changes. This process has been driven by the evolution of life on Earth, and it gradually modifies the structure of land use. Urban development is the most apparent indicator and measure of urbanization. The demand for vacant land and sustainable spatial development plans require new methods that support decision-making in the process of changing land use in suburban areas. The aim of this study was to describe a methodology for identifying and localizing urban development boundaries with the use of fuzzy set theory, to evaluate the degree of urbanization, and to analyze the dynamics of land-use changes in areas subjected to direct urbanization pressure with the use of photogrammetric data for 2005, 2010, 2017, and 2022. A case study was conducted in the Polish city of Olsztyn. The study’s results determined the degree of urbanization of the areas in the [0, 1] range, as well as the dynamics of change in each of the twenty-four adopted forms of land use. The results indicate that the proposed methods are useful for identifying the rate and direction of urbanization, and can be applied to optimize and counterbalance the development of settlements and infrastructure.

Possibilities of using econometrical methods in studying of interregional interactions of migration in transportation

Thе article presents a set of methodological approaches to forecasting the spatial heterogeneity of transportation migration flows in Russia. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological basis for forecasting the migration flows spatial heterogeneity. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the presentation and systematization of methodological approaches specific to studying socio-economic factors affecting migration flows considering spatial heterogeneity in the context of the Russia. The study has potential practical value for developing effective migration policies and strategies of spatial development in the country. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition and system-structural analysis and theoretical research method. In the course of the work, a literature review was conducted and forecasting methods applicable in studying migration flows in the ratio of transport accessibility, which are based on the real data analysis, have been analyzed. The results of the study showed that it is possible to study migration flows by spatial autocorrelation methods, and the main explanation of this process is socio-economic factors. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between migration flows and such factors as income level, development of transportation infrastructure, accessibility, education and other factors calculated in absolute units. The Moran index application to the migration flows analysis is a scientifically new method that allows us to study the migration spatial aspects in more depth and to identify their characteristics and interrelationships at a new level. The methods base obtained can be useful for calculations and further informed decision-making aimed at reducing spatial inequalities and stimulating sustainable spatial development.

Zoning and forecasting as the basis for sustainable spatial development (on the example of the territories of the Republic of Karelia)

abstractPurpose: is to develop a methodology for zoning and socio-economic forecasting of the state of the northern and arctic territories in order to produce a conceptual framework to ensure their sustainability.Methods: the work is based on the statistical indicators and rating scores of the spatial development of the territories of the Republic of Karelia, indicators of financial statements of companies operating in the region, and other public information about them for 2010-2021. A number of methods of multivariate statistics, in particular, cluster and regression analysis, mapping method and scenario approach were used to analyze the data.Results: the study shows the importance of zoning and forecasting in the design and implementation of sustainable spatial development policy, as well as the need to update and adapt existing tools to new challenges and characteristics of the regions. The methodology of zoning of territories, based on the existing economic relations between actors and the role of human capital in sustainable development was developed. The methodology of mediumand long-term forecasting of socio-economic space, taking into account the mutual influence of adjacent territorial units, was proposed. The methods have been tested for the Karelian Arctic and economically connected territories of the North; a dynamic zoning model has been built. The forecast of mediumand long-term development of this space was carried out with the use of institutional innovations and overcoming of "bottlenecks" by the subjects of management.Conclusions and Relevance: the results obtained can become the basis for the policy of regional development. The paper proposes a conceptual framework of sustainable development strategy for the territories of the Republic of Karelia under consideration. It is shown that one of the fundamental problems of the majority of the northern territories is low human capital characteristics; in this connection a number of institutional changes, in particular, affecting the methodology of calculating social deductions for personal income tax and issuing referrals for targeted training, is proposed. This determines the practical signifi e of the study. The continuation of the work will be the detailing of the policy of sustainable development of Karelia.

Integrated spatial planing in the function of sustainable use of natural resources

Sustainable use of natural resources is one of the basic goals of sustainable spatial development, which could be achieved with the use of integrated planning. It includes comprehensive analyzes of all aspects of space in a unique planning methodology, involvement of participatory process, and institutional, financial and legislative support to the system of integrated planning. Integrated planning, due to its complexity and, to a largely extent, dependence on the system of socio-economic and administrative-political organization of the territory, is difficult to achieve in practice, even in developed countries. In the former socialist countries, such as the Republic of Srpska, there are numerous problems that need to be solved, in order to improve planning practices and create systemic preconditions for the implementation of integrated planning. Within this process, this paper also looks at the issue of sustainable use of natural resources in the territory of Republic of Srpska, which significantly participate in the potential of the Republic for sustainable future development. The paper deals in the first part with the theoretical assumptions and principles of sustainable development, through the prism of using natural resources, and then focuses on the methodology of integrated planning, with reference to legislation and planning practice in Republic of Srpska, with recommendations for their improvement.

Planning-related land value changes for explaining instruments of compensation and value capture in Switzerland

As a public policy, planning seeks to achieve politically defined policy objectives such as sustainable spatial development. To effectively attain these objectives, it is essential to consider the impact of planning decisions on land values. A comprehensive understanding of the connection between planning and land values is imperative for making well-informed choices regarding the management of land use and spatial development sustainably and responsibly. While instruments of planning law are intensively debated within the planning community, their implicit effects on land values are rarely considered. This study contributes to the field by demonstrating the crucial connection between planning-induced land value changes and value capture instruments in Switzerland. Our analysis shows significant value changes in the planning process. It connects these to redistributive instruments of the Swiss planning regime, which come into play to compensate for disproportionate planning-induced advantages or disadvantages of landowners. Due to the exceptionally significant change in value while zoning, which is present in Switzerland, there are remarkable redistributive instruments - both in terms of value increase (added value capture) and value decrease (compensation). Our study shows that knowledge of planning-related land value changes can help understand redistributive mechanisms, thereby contributing to best-practice debates.

Land valuation in densifying cities: The negotiation process between institutional landowners and municipal planning authorities

Land valuation—the normative and socio-political process through which land is assigned a value—is a highly contested procedure, as the value of land strongly affects how land is used and distributed and ultimately affects who can live where, how, and why. We argue that it is thus important to gain a better understanding of land valuation processes through examining (1) how the process of land valuation functions in a context of urban land scarcity and densification; (2) how involved actors’ strategies of land valuation vary in such a context. To answer these research questions, we introduce an actor-centered new institutionalism approach for the qualitative case study analysis of the Rohr/Platten densification area in the city of Opfikon within the Zurich metropolitan area. We find that the diverse goals of the involved stakeholders (i.e., the profit-orientation of private actors versus the socio-environmentally sustainable spatial development of public planning authorities), in combination with the existing rules, can explain actors’ land valuation strategies. The current planning paradigm of densification and the strong legal protection of land titleholders support the strategies applied by for-profit developers and landowners. Local planning authorities must find ways to deal with the power and the profit-oriented logic of titleholders by means of active land policy to create more ecological and socially inclusive outcomes.

Understanding the Exploitation Plan and Business Model in EU-funded Research Projects by Applying the Business Model Canvas Approach in Public Space

European Commission has obliged Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe beneficiaries to specify the dissemination and exploitation of their funded activities’ outcomes. In this way, research results can be extended to benefit the wider society. However, beneficiaries have difficulties meeting these goals due to the overlap between dissemination and exploitation and the uncertainty of how to translate research activities and outputs into socio-economic benefits for the society. This paper developed a framework based on the business model canvas to operationalise an approach to exploitation. The framework was tested within the EU-funded research project C3Places in the fields of urban planning and sustainable spatial development. The resulting reference framework can be used as a guideline for the design and development of research project exploitation plans. It is especially valuable for projects in the fields which usually do not have ‘sellable’ or even marketable outcomes and products but rather result in soft measures and recommendations for public policies. Accordingly, it can support the decision-making processes of both policymakers and private organisations.

Form and Structure of the Knowledge Framework for Urban Planning: Methodological Approach and Assessment Issues: The Case Study of the Municipality of Fondi Urban Plan

Analysing the formation of the Knowledge Framework (KF) for the Municipality of Fondi, a medium size municipality in central Italy, this research explains the methodology used to describe and interpret its specific territorial condition, aiming to delineate a series of operative guidelines for further implementations in other contexts. The article deals with comparisons with several urban planning approaches, transposing them to the study area, through the filter provided by the approach of Regional Design. The objective of the research is to produce a comprehensive KF for urban planning containing all the necessary information to unravel the assessment issue to put in place planning actions oriented toward sustainable spatial development. The research reorganizes the information legally required to define a Knowledge Framework into five Systems, articulated in analytical and synthetic products that as a whole aim to innovate the Knowledge Framework by recognizing it not only as an analytical process but also as a fundamental urban planning tool.

Identification and Analysis of Territorial Spatial Utilization Conflicts in Yibin Based on Multidimensional Perspective

The measurement of territorial spatial conflict degrees and the identification of conflict areas are important issues in the field of regional development planning. The scientific and comprehensive recognition and measurement of territorial spatial utilization conflicts, from a multidimensional perspective, are significant for the optimization of reasonable land use and the realization of sustainable spatial development in various regions. In this study, the territorial spatial development and utilization conflicts in Yibin were measured and analyzed in terms of the development intensity, landscape pattern index, and spatial suitability from a multidimensional perspective of the “upper limit-structure-bottom line” perspective of territorial spaces. Certain corresponding development strategies were proposed, and some major conclusions could be drawn: (1) In terms of the development intensity, the developable intensity value for most townships in Yibin is lower than the minimum developable intensity value, indicating their fine development potential in the future. However, the current development intensity of a few townships is higher than the maximum developable intensity value. These townships can be divided into topographic restricted zones, urban concentrated zones, and natural reserves. (2) In terms of landscape conflict, areas with mild, moderate, and severe conflict in the southern region of Yibin decreased significantly from 1990 to 2018, and severe conflict areas in the middle and northern regions decreased; however, moderate and mild conflict areas increased. Potential ecological conflict risks to the landscape cannot be ignored. (3) For spatial suitability, urban spatial conflict areas, agricultural spatial conflict areas, urban–ecological spatial conflict areas, and agricultural–ecological spatial conflict areas were recognized according to a comparison of the utilization status and suitability assessment results. (4) According to estimation results of three types of conflicts, townships in Yibin were divided into eight types of conflicts: (1) conflict caused by improper urban planning to squeeze ecological spaces and replace agricultural spaces; (2) conflict caused by extensive and disordered agricultural development; (3) conflict controlled by the squeezing of ecological spaces; (4) conflict controlled by the encroachment of ecological spaces; (5) conflict caused by backward urbanization; (6) conflict caused by low-level agricultural development; (7) conflict caused by overall development hysteresis; and (8) conflict caused by a shortage of development space. This study has some theoretical and practical implications for a comprehensive understanding of territorial spatial development patterns and their degrees, the scientific recognition and trade-off of multidimensional territorial spatial utilization conflicts, and realizing sustainable development in certain regions.

The Role of Modeling Landscape Values by Harmonizing Conservation and Development Requirements

This paper investigated the need for the inquiry of landscape values and public participation within the decision-making process on spatial changes. They are taken into account as an important segment in the harmonization of conservation and development requirements in the planning of sustainable spatial development. The method for obtaining that information was established, and new approaches in landscape research were tested through the perception of its values as the first step to solving the conflicts between spatial conservation and development. Through the research of the experiences and theoretical knowledge on the nature protection issues within the spatial planning context, this paper indicated the need for determination of the effectiveness of the standardization approach to nature protection. Also, it emphasized the importance of testing a possible application of new approaches, which would be based on a mutually agreed approach to the protection and development of space. Modeling the landscape qualities of the space was presented as a basic tool within the presentation methodology and within the inclusion of different public segments in the spatial planning procedure. Its usefulness has been shown in the possibility of preparing the cartographic presentation of the harmonized model, which simultaneously includes the opinions of all relevant groups and can be easily implemented in the planning procedure using the GIS tools before decision-making. This paper pointed out that such an approach contributes to solving the practical problems in the protection of landscape qualities that represent public good and the link between nature and culture, and biophysical, perceptional, social, and developmental elements within the space.

The role of community participation in the spatial development of deteriorated residential areas Al-Imam neighborhood in the city of Nasiriyah: a case study

Iraqi cities in general face a slew of issues, including deterioration of the internal and external residential environment for some residential districts, deterioration of major infrastructure services, and bad economic, living, and construction conditions. As a result, the Ministry of Construction and Housing took the initiative, in collaboration with the Habitat Organization, to carry out a project to upgrade a number of deteriorated residential neighbourhoods, including Al-Imam neighbourhood in Nasiriyah, as a local experiment aimed at achieving spatial development with community participation. The research problem was established by not incorporating community engagement and activating the mechanisms of intrusion towards sustainable spatial development when conversing with residents as one of the strategies for creating and upgrading civilized places. The following hypothesis guided the research: Adoption of effective community participation policies aids in the rehabilitation of damaged residential areas and the achievement of long-term development. The study contained a theoretical component dealing with the notion of community participation and upgrading, as well as a practical component including the identification of the study area and the processes used in the process of upgrading community participation. The study also included a questionnaire for a random sample of residents to complete regarding the type of community participation in upgrading, and the study found that there is a larger need for a process of awareness, education, and training of people to participate in upgrading. Housing unit improvements were not at the required level due to a lack of funding and poor participation of residents in the construction and restoration process, and improvements to educational services were simple and included school frontispieces, green areas were not allocated, and infrastructure services were not established. The study came to a number of conclusions and recommendations regarding the need to rehabilitate human and material resources, stimulate community participation in the planning and management of residential areas, and achieve long-term spatial development.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The current stage of development of the economic system is characterized by the preparation and approbation in the practical field of activity of new concepts for managing economic development both at the country level as a whole and in the context of individual territorial entities (regional and interstate levels). On a global scale, their methodological framework is the concept of sustainable spatial development, on the basis of which supranational, national and regional priorities are developed, uniting the ecological, economic and social vector of development. For example, the UN document “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” raises issues of overcoming the unevenness of country development, eliminating hunger, ensuring food security and improving nutrition of the world’s population, promoting sustainable agricultural development and progressive, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment; environmental sustainability and ensure the transition to sustainable consumption and production patterns. The search for sound approaches to solving the above problems is part of the task of the spatial organization of agriculture and is the subject of research by the international expert community, which is due to the global trend of polycentrism, and in relation to the research topic, it consists in highlighting the main directions of territorial development, such as priorities in deepening the specialization of production, the location of production, the search for the optimal direction of the development vector, including the identification of factors for the formation, development and maintenance of a competitive economy; the need to disseminate progressive experience with subsequent prospects for a possible entry into international markets for goods and services. The above theses emphasize the need to update the assessment and study of theoretical issues of the spatial dynamics of the development of agricultural production in the country and regional aspects.

Semenychev V. K., Khmeleva G. A., Korobetskaya A. A. Methodology and Digital Platform for Analyzing the Dynamics of Industry Cycles for a Balanced and Sustainable Spatial Development of Russia. Samara: Samara Scientifi c Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. 348 p

Semenychev V. K., Khmeleva G. A., Korobetskaya A. A. Methodology and Digital Platform for Analyzing the Dynamics of Industry Cycles for a Balanced and Sustainable Spatial Development of Russia. Samara: Samara Scientifi c Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. 348 p

Modelling sustainable spatial development of Russian regions

Modelling sustainable spatial development of Russian regions

Integrated development of territories as an instrument of sustainable urban transformation

The article discusses the concept related to the integrated development of territories (IDT), specific features of its legal regulation, and its socio-economic and environmental aspects. It considered as an effective instrument of sustainable urban transformation, as it gives opportunities for the rational and efficient use of all types of resources within the territory and for the potential targeted planning of urban areas with a geographically-oriented approach to cities in directions that correspond to the patterns of sustainable spatial development. An experience of engaging different stakeholders partnership in integrated urban development was studied and recommendations for its adaptation to Russian cities were given. The presented analysis of IDT as a long-term instrument of sustainable urban transformation confirms the relevance of developing a methodology for monitoring, analysing, and forecasting the influence of this factor on regional social and economic development as an interdisciplinary research direction. As a practical application authors have made an analysis of the practical implementing IDT project in the Slavyanka residential area in St-Petersburg, presented development of resources in the expert community on this issue and proposed their own approach, according to which the IDT mechanism should be applied to urban areas. Such research would have a practical value for the purposes of making adjustments to regional integrated development of territories programmes and developing new IDT projects in other residential areas.

Water Risk Management of Hanoi Urban Environment towards 2030’s Sustainable Urban Spatial Development

The process of population growth and “uncontrolled” urbanization has led to a "loose" management by the government of Hanoi, and lack of proper care on surface water resource and water environment as well as the orientation for sustainable spatial development of Hanoi urban region and its community-based participants at the long-term vision. Therefore, the urgent duties now are to have management measures, specific solution groups to regulate the activities of surface water risk management of Hanoi urban environment towards the related-target group of three rivers runing through Hanoi urban region in order to achive the 2030’s sustainable development goals. Based on the DPSIR’s research framework (Driving force - Pressure - Status - Impact - Response), the results of this study are to propose a model of public-private partnership for the management of Hanoi urban settlement resiliencing to the environmental changes, as a pilot initiative from a case study in Hanoi.

Bestandsaufnahme und alternative Konzeption der kommunalen Eigenentwicklung zur flächeneffizienten Steuerung der Siedlungsentwicklung. Das Beispiel der Region Halle-Leipzig

The development of residential areas in the context of settlement development is a significant driver regarding land use and thus critical in achieving the goal of reduced new land use to less than 30 hectares per day by 2030. Although spatial planning and spatial science have been addressing this issue for years, e.g. through consistent land management, the current land use in Germany amounts to around 52 hectares per day (as of 2019). This is i.a. because the control of settlement development often only intervenes in developments that go beyond the own communal development. Approaches to controlling self-development usually remain on a blanket level and thus promote decentralized decisions that, in total, contradict the set goals. The aim of this paper is to present a model for calculating self-development, which not only takes demographic development into account, but also aligns the size of self-development with site-specific requirements to consider the principles of spatial planning and thus promote sustainable spatial development. In its empirical basis, the paper is based on statistical analyses of the respective needs as well as surveys, interviews research results that have been carried out or have arisen within the framework of the BMBFfunded project Interko2.