Sustainable Society Research Articles

Optimizing the Potential Diagram for a Highly Sustainable and High-Energy-Density SiOx/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Battery

In the transition towards a sustainable society, developoing a battery system that meets various social requirements, such as high energy density, cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and elemental abundance, is urgent. Elminating cobalt (Co) from cathodes due to its economically/geopolitically constrained supply chain and child labor issues is particularly important.1 In this regard, considerable efforts have been conducted in the past decade to realize an ideal full cell combined with a high-capacity and earth-abundant SiOx anode (theoretically 1965~4200 mAh g-1 with 2≥x≥0 at ≤0.4 V vs. Li/Li+) and a high-potential Co-free spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode (theoretically 147 mAh g-1 with an average operating potential of 4.7 vs. Li/Li+).2 However, its stable cycling has rarely been achieved because the reaction potentials of SiOx and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are located outside the operating potential windows of traditional electrolytes, thus giving rise to severe electrolyte decomposition at both anodes and cathodes.Herein, we report a long-awaited extremely stable SiOx/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 battery over 1000 cycles with an upper cut-off voltage of 4.9 V by carefully optimizing its overall potential diagram with a specifically designed electrolyte, 3.4 mol L-1 (M) LiN(SO2F)2/methyl (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (LiFSI/FEMC).3 The developed electrolyte provides remarkably high redox stabilities by: 1) destabilizing Li+ in the electrolyte4, which is a key to reducing the thermodynamic driving force of electrolyte reduction with an upshift of the reaction potential of the SiOx; 2) offering a large amount of anions with modified electronic states5, which enables the formation of a highly Li+-conductive and chemically/electrochemically stable anion-derived SEI at the negatively charged SiOx surface; and 3) increasing the oxidation potential of the electrolyte while retarding Al and trasition metal dissolution, thus guranteeing the high reversibility of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. We belived that the electrolyte-design rationale highlighted in this work will provide a new chance to develop and design highly sustainable high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.Reference Olivetti, E. A., Ceder, G., Gaustad, G. G. & Fu, X. Joule 1, 229–243 (2017), Banza Lubaba Nkulu, C. et al. Nat. Sustain. 1, 495–504 (2018), Lee, S. & Manthiram, A. ACS Energy Lett. 7, 3058–3063 (2022).Liu, Z. et al. Chem. Soc. Rev. 48, 285–309 (2019), Fan, X. & Wang, C. Chem. Soc. Rev. 50, 10486–10566 (2021).Ko, S., Han, X., Shimada, T., Takenaka, N., Yamada, Y. & Yamada, A. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2536539/v1 (2023).Takenaka, N., Ko, S., Kitada, A. & Yamada, A. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1830373/v1 (2022).Sodeyama, K., Yamada, Y., Aikawa, K., Yamada, A. & Tateyama, Y. J. Phys. Chem. C 118, 14091–14097 (2014).

An Insight into the Lithium Plating – Operando Gas Evolution Study

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) play a major role in the electrification of transportation systems as a step forward in achieving a sustainable carbon neutral society [1]. Fast-charging is regarded as one of the most necessary features for lithium-ion batteries in order to speed the widespread adoption of electric vehicles [2]. However, we have previously shown that charging LiBs at high C-rate cause the evolution of high amount of ethylene gas along with capacity fade [3]. It is well known that fast charging is also may result in lithium plating and allied parasitic reactions [4]. Since many of the side reactions in LiBs are associated with evolution of products in gaseous phase, operando mass spectrometric techniques can be used to better understand these unwanted reactions. We have developed an Online Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (OEMS) set-up to study the gases formed on a Li-plated electrode, to provide the fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism at the electrode/electrolyte interface.

The Formation Mechanism of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Network-Structure: A Novel Support Material for Pt-Based Catalysts in PEFC Cathodes

INTRODUCTIONTo achieve carbon neutrality in the upcoming sustainable society, it is crucial to utilize hydrogen as a fuel in the transportation sector. Fuel cell vehicles are expected to play an important role in the future hydrogen society, but there are still challenges to be overcome before their widespread adoption. For example, Pt/C-based catalysts used in PEFC cathodes have an issue with poisoning of the Pt due to direct contact with the ionomer, especially during low-load operation. Recently, a new approach using accessible-pore carbons has been proposed, where Pt is placed at an appropriate position within the nanopores of a carbon support to suppress ionomer poisoning of Pt [1]. In order to realize this concept, it is essential to design a mesoporous carbon support that possesses nanopores with appropriate size and proper ordering. We have developed an ordered mesoporous carbon with a hierarchical network structure (Net-OMC) consisting of small OMC particles of several tens of nm in size, which are connected to form a network structure with well-developed primary pores. The Net-OMC exhibited highly ordered nanopores on the surface of the OMC primary particles, with a pore size ca. 5 nm and an interpore distance of ca. 8 nm. Pt nanoparticles were loaded selectively within the Net-OMC nanopores by the selective Pt-deposition technique developed by our research group. Pt/Net-OMC catalyst exhibited higher mass activity and durability for the ORR in comparison with those for a commercial Pt/CB catalyst [2]. In this study, the formation mechanism of Net-OMC and the relationship between the catalytic properties of Pt/Net-OMC and its pore structure was investigated in detail.EXPERIMENTALNet-OMC powder was synthesized with resol-nonionic surfactant micelles as a carbon source and structure-directing agent. Resol-F127 (nonionic surfactant) micelles were synthesized by mixing phenol, formaldehyde, water and F127 with sodium hydroxide. After hydrothermal treatment of the mixture, the resulting solid was filtered and washed thoroughly and dried under vacuum. The obtained powder was carbonized at 700 ºC followed by annealing at 1000 ºC. Pt was deposited on the Net-OMC powder by selective deposition techniques. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were carried out in N2-saturated and O2-saturated 0.1 M HClO4 solution at 25 ºC using the conventional rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. Potential step cycling measurements simulating load cycling between 0.6 V and 1.0 V vs. RHE were carried out according to the FCCJ protocol. Coating of the catalyst on a glassy carbon disk substrate was carried out by an electrospray (ES) coating technique developed by our group [3]. N2 adsorption measurements at liquid nitrogen temperature were carried out. The morphology of the Pt/ns-OMC was observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSTEM images for the ordered mesoporous carbon particles with network structure (Net-OMC) with varying concentration during hydrothermal synthesis are shown in Figure 1. In Fig. 1(a), the network structure formed by connection of OMC primary nanoparticles with developed macropores is clearly observed. The OMC nanoparticles were tightly connected via a thick necking structure. From the high magnification image (Fig. 1(a), inset), highly ordered nanopores were observed on the surface of the OMC particles. The OMC primary particle size and the connecting neck diameter changed with the resol micelle concentration during the hydrothermal treatment. When the concentration of the micelle solution was decreased, both the primary particle size and necking length decreased. At a concentration of 1.8 mmol l-1, the formation of monodisperse particles with roughly the same size from the resol-F127 micelle particles was observed, as estimated by dynamic light scattering analysis. Thus, it is believed that the Net-OMC structure is formed through the self-assembly of micelle particles during the hydrothermal synthesis. The controllable network structure of Net-OMC is expected to provide a favorable porous structure of the catalyst layer for the MEA measurement even during high-load operation.

(Digital Presentation) Hybrid Membranes Engineered from Sustainable Sources Exhibit Improved Ionic Conductivity

Ion-conducting membranes are crucial in electrochemical storage and energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells, alkaline ion batteries, and redox-flow batteries. The purpose of the membrane is to prevent direct contact between the electrodes while allowing selective ions to pass through. The characteristics of the ion-conducting membranes include excellent mechanical and thermal stability, chemical resistance, high ionic conductivity, and selectivity. Polymers and polymer-based precursors make up the majority of the materials that have been used as ion-conducting membranes. However, most polymer-based membranes have issues related to poor chemical resistance, recyclability, and thermal and mechanical stability. In addition, as more sustainable materials are being sought to create a sustainable society, new environmentally friendly and economically viable materials are in high demand. The clay-based material could be an alternative for ion-conducting applications due to its porous structure, high surface area, tunable interlayer spacing, excellent thermal and mechanical stability, and high ion conductivity. Clay minerals are primarily used in water treatment, pharmaceutics, ceramics, paints, and coating industries. Furthermore, clay minerals have been used as a filler material in energy storage and conversion system to improve the thermal stability and ion conductivity in electrodes, electrolytes, and separators.Herein, we report a novel approach to making non-polymeric hybrid clay membranes using environmentally benign materials such as clay and zwitterion (i.e., sulfobetaine). These membranes with improved ionic conductivity will find immense potential in applications in energy storage and conversion systems. Such membranes have been synthesized by intercalating sulfobetaine molecules into the interlayer spacing of the bentonite clay matrix. Sulfobetaine is a zwitterion composed of quaternary ammonium cations and sulfonate anions. Leveraging the unique structure-property features that exist in zwitterions helps to alter the interlayer spacings in the clay matrix, thereby enabling ion diffusion through the silicate layers. Furthermore, it helps in the formation of a self-supporting membrane. The functionalized membrane's crystal structure and chemical composition were investigated using XRD, XPS, and ATR-FTIR. XRD was used to identify the layered structure of the silicates in clay and the increased interlayer spacing (1.15 nm to 1.8 nm) of the hybrid clay membrane. Data from XPS and ATR-FTIR confirmed the successful functionalization of clay with sulfobetaine. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity of the hybrid clay membrane was characterized using a non-aqueous lithium electrolyte solution, and found a conductivity of . This is one of the first reports showcasing how zwitterions can impart conductivity in clay silicate motifs. It suggests an easy and novel approach to transport lithium-ion through silicate layers, thereby making it suitable for use as membranes in batteries and supercapacitors. The current study demonstrates an easy and versatile approach to developing cost-effective and eco-friendly membranes from sustainable materials such as clay, which, when functionalized, has the potential to be a highly efficient ion-conducting material with applications in energy storage, devices, and technologies.

Structure-Controlled Prussian Blue Analog as a Cathode Material for Long-Life Seawater Batteries

Nowadays, as the use of fossil fuels is suppressed for achieving carbon neutrality, rechargeable battery is considered as a key factor to lead sustainable society. As far, the most developed and already commercialized batteries are lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, as the demand for LIBs is increasing, there are also several issues in the process of obtaining high-performance batteries. First, as the price of raw materials in LIB rises rapidly, a cost issue arises. In addition, as the fire accidents have occurred consistently due to overcharging or use of organic electrolyte, safety concerns are being raised. Finally, the environmental issues are emerging in the process of mining raw material and disposal of waste batteries. Therefore, a cheap, safe, and environmentally friendly battery system is needed as an alternative to LIBs.In this situation, a battery system called seawater battery (SWB) using seawater as a raw material is attracting attention. Since seawater is super-abundant resource, accounting 97% of the earth’s water, the material and manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced. Also, since it is operated in seawater, it is free from fire hazard and environmentally benign. In addition, as natural seawater can be used without additional treatment, energy can be reduced used for refining raw materials in LIBs.Likely to other battery systems, SWB consists of anode, cathode and separator. In anode part, Na-ions originated from NaCl in seawater are plated and stripped during cycling process. For facile metal plating, the anode part is filled with organic electrolyte, which also broaden the operation voltage window of overall cell. The ceramic solid electrolyte is used as separator, which is called Na-ion selective membrane, NASICON. The cathode part contains seawater which can act as an electrolyte or cathode as well (catholyte).The reaction mechanism mechanisms of cathode part can be sorted into three types―Na-intercalation, oxygen evolution/reduction reaction, and Cl-capturing. Herein, we have focused on the intercalation cathode to realize long-life and stable SWB, which is critical properties for large-scale energy storage systems. For intercalation cathode material, Prussian blue analog (PBA) was selected. PBA is an analog form of Prussian blue (PB). Since PB/PBAs have frame-like structures consist of metal nodes and cyanide ligands, the big alkali ions including Na-ions can be inserted and released through interstitial sites. By substituting the iron of PB to other transition metals, various form of PBAs can be synthesized. Among them, Ni-based PBA (Na2Ni[Fe(CN)6] when fully sodiated) was selected, because it is known as stable in seawater and undergoing small volume change during repeating ion (de)insertion, which is advantageous properties for stable SWB application.However, during synthetic process of PBAs, when metal ions and ligands meet rapidly, vacancies are easily created inside the structure. In these empty sites, the water molecules tend to coordinate, becoming crystal water. Since crystal water negatively affects the electrochemical performance of PB/PBAs, it should be controlled. Therefore, we have controlled the structure of Ni-based PBAs by chelation and improved the electrochemical performance of SWBs.By aid of chelating agent, well-structured Ni-based PBA was successfully synthesized. The defect ratio was effectively reduced from 40% to 6%, followed by less crystal water and more Na-ions inside the structure. When applied to SWB system, the cycle performance of chelated PBA was superior to untreated PBA, exhibiting capacity retention of 92.8% after 2000 cycles at 5 C. In conclusion, showing stable and reversible operation during 2000 cycles at the first time in SWB field, PBA-based SWB showed potential to be a promising next-generation battery. Figure 1

Investigation of the effects of different zwitterions in fabricating smart PVDF/graphene pervaporation membranes

Although membrane separation processes including pervaporation have demonstrated their as an efficiency in chemical waste treatment and resource recovery, the increasingly complex wastes generated by different industrial sectors make it almost impossible for a single membrane that has a fixed set of properties to handler these kinds of contaminants. For this reason, stimuli responsive membranes that have tunable and switchable properties are necessary to be developed. In this research, we explore the impacts of zwitterion compounds as additives to previously formulated PVDF-graphene membrane where graphene was used to facilitate β-phase induction of PVDF, enhancing its piezoelectric properties. The incorporation of zwitterions intended to even promote the β -crystal phase of PVDF, which is also facilitated by an optimized quantity of graphene. The quantified β phase of pristine PVDF- (68.7 %) was observed to increase to 79.4 %-86.32 %, when different zwitterions are added. Moreover, output voltages from piezoelectric testing of membranes under various weights generated a voltage signal up to 1.69 V for the membrane with the 3-(1-Pyridinio-1-propanesulfonate) zwitterion, named as PGzc membrane. Upon employing these membranes to dehydrate isopropanol by pervaporation, it was found out that PG shows a permeation flux (Pf) of 95.49 ± 9.18 g/m2h and 77 % water concentration in permeate (Wcp) while the PGzc.membrane displayed a Pf and Wcp of 988.84 ± 51 g/m2h and 30 %, respectively. But upon application of an external voltage, it was found out that PGzc's Wcp rises from 30 % to 83 % with increasing voltage and while the Pf gradually falls from 988.84 ± 51 g/m2h to 432.51 ± 19 g/m2h. These findings indicate that the addition of an appropriate zwitterion could significantly influence the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-graphene membranes, enhancing their tuning capability under electrical stimulation. This development is important for separation processes and technologies aimed at creating a sustainable society.

Rationalizing the Effect of the Redox-Inactive Metals on the Activity of Oxides in Oxygen Electrocatalysis

The large-scale implementation of renewable energy conversion and storage technologies is a key challenge to transition to a sustainable society. One of the most critical elements towards this goal is the discovery of active, stable and inexpensive catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion processes, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which are central for the efficiency of water-splitting electrolyzers, fuel cells and metal–air batteries.1 Manganese-based spinels, MxMn3-xO4, and ruthenium pyrochlores, M2Ru2O7 − δ, are known as active catalysts for the ORR and OER, respectively, and were studied here as model systems to rationalize the effect of the incorporation (doping) of redox-inactive elements (M) into the structure on the catalytic performance of complex oxides in oxygen electrocatalysis.We found a direct correlation between the ORR/OER activity of Mn3O4:M spinels (M = Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr),2 and Y1.8M0.2Ru2O7 − δ pyrochlores (M = Y, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu),3 the lattice oxygen binding strength/lability and the formation enthalpy of the binary MO x oxides. We found experimentally that the activity of Mn3O4:M and Y1.8M0.2Ru2O7 − δ in, respectively, ORR and OER, varies significantly depending on the nature of M. We observed that metals M with higher enthalpies of formation for the respective oxide weaken the oxygen binding on the surface of the complex oxide that correlates in turn with changes in ORR/OER activity. DFT studies captured changes in the electronic structure upon M substitution and allowed to correlate trends in the electronic band structure and the oxygen vacancies formation energies with the ORR/OER performance of the Mn3O4:M/Y1.8M0.2Ru2O7 − δ catalysts. These activity trends are subsequently discussed in the framework of theoretically established correlations between the electrocatalytic activity and adsorption energies of catalytic intermediates. We demonstrated that the introduction of redox-inactive metal substituents/dopants into the host structure of a metal oxide is a highly versatile approach to tune the binding strength of reaction intermediates (determining the position of the catalyst on the ORR/OER activity volcano), and in turn improve the ORR/OER activity and also selectivity. This approach is a general concept that is transferrable to a broad selection of materials and processes associated with adsorption and redox reactions involving oxygen species.References(1) Seh, Z. W.; Kibsgaard, J.; Dickens, C. F.; Chorkendorff, I.; Nørskov, J. K.; Jaramillo, T. F. Science 2017, 355, eaad4998.(2) Wu, Y.-H.; Mehta, H.; Willinger, E.; Yuwono, J. A.; Kumar, P. V.; Abdala, P. M.; Wach, A.; Kierzkowska, A.; Donat, F.; Kuznetsov, D. A.; Müller, C. R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202217186.(3) Kuznetsov, D. A.; Naeem, M. A.; Kumar, P. V.; Abdala, P. M.; Fedorov, A.; Müller, C. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 7883-7888.

Women’s geographies of spatial encounters, contributions of drivers, and responses: a grounded theory systematic review

ABSTRACT There is almost 50 years of history of women and built environment research, yet in practice women face extensive problems exposing them to vulnerabilities and nuisance. The question this systematic review attempts to answer through grounded theory analysis is how are women’s geographies of spatial encounters defined in order to establish a framework. Scopus database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in Elsevier, Wiley, Blackwell, Taylor and Francis, Springer, Routledge, and Sage between 2010 and 2022, and CASP tool for qualitative studies was utilized for risk of bias assessment. There is an iterative pattern of drivers and responses evident in the reciprocal interaction of women and built environment. Drivers push to provoke change and responses are appropriated to re-establish balance. This constantly defines and redefines the discourse, shifting it towards inclusion and quality of life for women, consequently building a more equitable, democratic, and sustainable society.

Implementacija zelene proračunske politike u financiranju održivog društva - iskustvo Slovenije

Sustainable societies of the future should be designed on the basis of a green public budgeting, as green public 79 spending and investment are the key drivers of sustainable development. Studies on green budgeting have so far tended to focus on green taxes and favourable regulatory regimes for specific sectors, although 14 out of 38 OECD countries have introduced these in some form. Based on secondary research of Slovenian budget documentation for the period from 2018 to 2022, our research findings show that green and sustainable content is weak, both in terms of content and scope. Only 11 out of 24 policies and only 23 out of over 3000 projects have included some ideas of the green and sustainable concept. Due to the evolving methodology and framework of green budgeting, the research challenge could be identified in a repeated and deeper analysis, including the targets and indicators in the coming years.

How Does Green Finance Policy Affect the Capacity Utilization Rate of Polluting Enterprises?

Effectively addressing overcapacity is the main task of China’s deepening supply-side reform and represents an intrinsic requirement for achieving sustainable economic development. Green finance policy, as a kind of environmental regulation policy that influences the behavior of polluting enterprises, can not only effectively facilitate the green transformation of production methods but also have a significant effect on the capacity utilization rate of enterprises. We use the promulgation of the Guidance on Building a Green Financial System in 2016 as a quasinatural experiment and the differences-in-differences (DID) method to study the effect of green finance policies on the capacity utilization rates of polluting enterprises based on data from 2012 to 2020 on A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchanges (SSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (SZSE). We obtained the following results: (1) The implementation of green finance policies markedly improved polluting enterprises’ capacity utilization rate, which was supported by a sequence of robustness tests; (2) The mechanism test revealed that green finance policies serve to rectify information asymmetry and constrain improper government interventions through credit resource allocation mechanisms, thereby inhibiting overinvestments in polluting enterprises and ultimately increasing the capacity utilization rate. Additionally, green finance policies can improve product quality and diversity by incentivizing polluting enterprises’ technological innovation, enabling products to better meet market demand, and ultimately improving the capacity utilization rate; (3) The results of the heterogeneity analysis indicate that, for state-owned and large-scale polluting enterprises, green finance policies play a stronger role in increasing the capacity utilization rate. We have enriched the research related to the policy effects of green finance and the impact of environmental regulation on the capacity utilization rate, thus providing a useful reference for China to utilize green finance policies to address overcapacity, promote the transition to a more environmentally sustainable economic society, and achieve sustainable development.

Does emphasis change in transportation mode choice affect workers’ actual mode choice? Implications from Japan in the COVID-19 era

Although modal shift from private motorized vehicles to public and active transport is regarded as crucially important for a sustainable society, such a shift has not been successful in Japan. One reason may be that measures have not satisfied the latent factors underlying people's transportation mode choices. Moreover, these factors may have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is aimed at ascertaining what workers have emphasized in transportation mode choice, and how those emphases have affected their actual mode choice. We also examined how changes in individuals' emphases during the pandemic have affected their actual mode choices. We used a four-time panel survey with 1377 respondents from Japan that asked participants about important items related to their transportation mode choice and activity patterns at four time points before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. After conducting a factor analysis to ascertain the latent factors behind mode choice, we applied a logistic regression model showing whether or not the respondents used each transportation mode at each time point. A conditional logistic regression model with individual fixed effect was applied to the relationship between an individual's change in emphasis and actual mode choice. Factor analysis results indicated four latent factors: usability and reliability, personal time–space, attitude toward the environment and health, and ease of use and convenience. A higher emphasis on personal time–space encouraged car use and discouraged public transport use at any time points. This trend became stronger during the pandemic. Changes in the emphasis level of this factor for an individual also affected the actual mode choice. A higher emphasis on usability and reliability also discouraged public transport use. Ease of use and convenience encouraged public transport use, and attitude toward the environment and health neither encouraged nor discouraged actual mode choice at any time point. Emphases related to transportation mode choice changed over time. However, changes in individuals' emphasis altered the actual mode choice at some time points but not at others. These results should be considered in transportation planning in order to prompt desired modal shifts by transportation users.

Synergy Effect of Plasmonic Field Enhancement and Light Confinement in Mesoporous Titania-Coated Aluminum Nanovoid Photoelectrode.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a highly demanded technology for the realization of sustainable society. Various types of photoanodes have been developed to achieve high efficiency of PEC water splitting. Plasmonic field enhancement and light confinement effects are often adopted to improve PEC performance. However, their synergistic effects have not been studied. In this work, a mesoporous TiO2 layer was deposited on an Al plate with a nanovoid array structure, which acts as a photoanode and simultaneously exhibits a light confinement effect and surface plasmon resonance. The solo and synergy effects were investigated through experimental photocurrent measurements and theoretical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method. The highest improvement in PEC performance was confirmed when the synergy effect occurred.

Photo-powered all-in-one energy harvesting and storage fibers towards low-carbon smart wearables

The concept of charging energy storage systems with photons is an attractive pathway to achieve a sustainable low-carbon society. Herein, we demonstrated a wearable energy textile that can be used to power various wearable electronics for full-day operation by solely charging with photons. The wearable energy textile was powered by zinc-ion fiber batteries that comprised of MoS2 coupled to a TiO2@Ti fiber as the cathode. Based on the electrochemical evaluations, the resulting “all-in-one” photo-powered Zn ion fiber batteries could be charged under ambient light and sun, with a photoconversion efficiency of close to 1 %. Under actual external environments, i.e., sunny or cloudy days, the wearable photo-powered energy textiles could power various applications with significantly extended battery usage duration, which helps to untether the need to stay connected to a power grid. As such, we believe that this work could present a potential way of achieving an all-in-one energy harvesting and storage textile to contribute towards a low-carbon society.

Aprovechamiento integral de la Mosca Soldado Negra: Bioconversión, sostenibilidad y desafíos emergentes

The black soldier fly (BSF) has garnered the attention of the scientific community due to its outstanding efficiency in transforming organic waste into raw materials that can be incorporated into the value chain. A bibliometric and bibliographic review was conducted to elucidate the pivotal role played by the bioconversion of organic matter in shaping sustainable circular economy systems. The analysis revealed that black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have proven effective in the bioconversion of common waste, such as household and livestock waste, yielding valuable biomass. Despite these advancements, the exploration of new sources of organic matter persists to mitigate its environmental impact. Emerging technologies enable the efficient processing of BSFL biomass, yielding substitutes for environmentally unfriendly materials. Although the literature emphasizes the advantages of BSF in constructing circular economy models, obstacles such as limited legislation and insufficient incentives for producers, concerns about pathogens and contaminants, and low public acceptance of this species are identified. However, the growing trend in scientific interest suggests that BSF could play a central role in building sustainable societies in the future.

Cationic indium catalysis as a powerful tool for generating α-alkyl propargyl cations for SN1 reactions

Dehydration is an abundant and promising process in chemical, biochemical, and industrial fields. Dehydration methods can contribute to building a modern and sustainable society with minimal environmental impact. Breakthrough advances in the dehydrative SN1 reaction can be achieved through the discovery of new cationic indium catalysts. Here we show that the breakthrough advances in the dehydrative SN1 reaction can be achieved using the cationic indium catalysts. The dehydrative carbon–carbon bond formation of α-alkyl propargyl alcohols afforded a wide variety of α-aryl- and heteroaryl-propargyl compounds. Mechanistic investigations into this process revealed that the InCl3/AgClO4/Bu4NPF6/1,1’-binaphthol catalytic system generated a powerful cationic indium catalyst that could promote the dehydration of alcohols. Labile α-alkyl propargyl cations were found to self-condense, and the catalyst system efficiently regenerated propargyl cations for reaction with nucleophiles. This propargylation reaction directly proceeded from the corresponding alcohols under mild and open-air conditions and tolerated a broad scope of functional groups. Furthermore, a wide variety of nucleophiles, including aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, phenols, alcohols, and sulfonamides, reacted with the corresponding cations to afford the propargyl compounds in good to high yields. Finally, the synthetic utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of colchicine and allocolchicine analogues. The dehydration process could help create new compounds that were previously impossible to synthesize and is more eco-friendly and efficient than conventional methods.

Sustainable Financial Technology through Regulation Technology: The Asian Experience

Therefore, it is critical to study the legal challenges that impede the development of Fintech using an analytical methodology and a bibliographic collection of legal answers in order to create an appropriate RegTech that authorizes their development. The financial technology (Fintech) industry is often believed to have great promise for bringing about a more equitable and sustainable society. That is to say, effective use of this technology could help bridge the gap across the world's socioeconomic classes. However, up to now, the particular legislative frameworks (RegTech) that have been built for Fintech have made its adoption more challenging in addition to the general lack of faith in new technology. However, in order to consolidate Fintech, it is vital to create the right regulations that will make these novel technologies become standard components of our financial system. By focusing on the protections built into this fundamental right, the key challenge that must be overcome is the legal protection of personal data. As a result, if the legal system is going to be ready for the Digital Revolution, people can't worry about losing rights or seeing an increase in inequality.

Application of Business Simulation Games in Flipped Classrooms to Facilitate Student Engagement and Higher-Order Thinking Skills for Sustainable Learning Practices

It is very important to adopt innovative digital technologies in educational systems to overcome the challenges in modern learning environments, especially in the post-COVID-19 era. The fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the 2030 Agenda is supported by new educational trends that consider game-based learning as a pedagogical method in the classroom. Teaching sustainability management in higher education institutions with innovative digital tools plays a fundamental role in the transition toward sustainable societies. Suitable game design elements play a significant role in facilitating sustainable learning. This study explored the effectiveness of incorporating business simulation games with project-based learning (PBL) in a flipped classroom setting. This approach was adopted within the context of a university cross-border e-commerce course to prepare students for acquiring 21st-century skills such as higher-order thinking skills in a rapidly changing educational landscape. A quasi-experimental method was employed, involving a total of 60 university students from China’s Zhejiang Province. Participants completed an online questionnaire designed to assess their learning engagement across three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) as well as their higher-order thinking skills (problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity). The results show that the business simulation games combined with flipped classroom learning had a significantly positive impact on students’ learning outcomes, enhancing their problem-solving, critical thinking, and creative capabilities. Importantly, this approach also improved student engagement and promoted sustainable practices by applying real-life scenarios in an interactive environment. We conclude that business simulation games integrated with project-based learning (PBL) in flipped classroom settings represent a valuable educational approach. This approach not only enhances learning engagement but also fosters the development of higher-order thinking skills, encouraging students to adopt sustainable learning practices.

Partisipasi Organisasi Karang Taruna Di Dalam Lingkungan Masyarakat Desa Jati Sidoarjo

The Karang Taruna Organization (KARTAR) in Jati Sidoarjo Village, especially KARTAR RW 01, has become a significant entity in community development and empowerment efforts. With various work programs and activities, KARTAR RW 01 has succeeded in making positive contributions that have had an impact on revitalizing the spirit of youth participation. Through purchasing glass drinks when someone dies, environmental activities, and security monitoring by providing CCTV, KARTAR RW 01 is able to create a better community environment. The impact of this participation can be seen in easing the economic burden on the community, increasing environmental security, and reviving the spirit of participation of young people who were previously less involved in community activities. Regulatory support, such as Youth Law no. 40 of 2009 and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 114 of 2014, strengthen the role of KARTAR RW 01 in youth empowerment. As an awareness agent, this organization not only participates in physical activities but is also involved in increasing the awareness and sensitivity of the younger generation towards the surrounding environment. The concept of youth participation in development, in line with national ideals and regulations governing youth empowerment, is reflected in the practices of KARTAR RW 01. This organization is not only an implementer, but also a pioneer of these values ​​in every activity. Thus, youth participation in KARTAR RW 01 is not only fulfilling social responsibility, but also becoming a real means of achieving national goals in developing an inclusive, just and sustainable society.

Enhancing Indoor Environmental Quality and Sustainability in Post-Pandemic Office Settings: A Study on Displacement Ventilation Feasibility

The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed global efforts toward transitioning to a sustainable society, driving rapid innovation in building technologies, working practices, building design, and whole life cycle environmental impact consideration. In this pursuit, this study explores the enduring impact of these on an alternative ventilation approach for both existing building renovations and new building implementations. Comparing displacement ventilation to mixed-mode ventilation in a Finnish office building with varying occupancy densities, this study examines indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal comfort, total building energy performance, and embodied carbon. The findings reveal that the basic case of mixed ventilation has a specified system primary energy value of 38.83 kWh/m2 (with 28 occupants) and 39.00 kWh/m2 (with 24 occupants), respectively. With the displacement ventilation alternative, it reduces this by 0.3% and 0.1%, enhancing thermal comfort and decreasing turbulence as well as having a marginal decrease in embodied carbon. In general, the study offers three-fold contributions: insights into post-pandemic office mechanical ventilation design with an emphasis on sustainability and ecological footprint considerations, a concrete case study addressing climate action and human-centric IAQ design, and a multifaceted analysis using the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) paradigm, contributing to the groundwork for associated future research and policy progress.

Analyzing Near-Miss Incidents and Risky Riding Behavior in Thailand: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Areas

Preventing near-miss incidents is considered a proactive measure, as it aims to prevent events that have a risk of resulting in accidents. This is regarded as a vital component of building a sustainable and secure society within communities. In the present day, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often experience the highest fatality rates from motorcycle accidents, which frequently involve mixed traffic scenarios with other vehicles. The distinct physical characteristics and environmental conditions of roads in urban and rural areas significantly contribute to different riding behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a behavioral model related to near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural regions using multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM). Data collected from six Thai regions via adapted MRBQ assessed control errors, violations, and safety equipment use in a sample of 2002 riders (1066 urban, 936 rural). Through parameter invariance testing, differences in factor loadings, intercepts, and structural paths were identified between urban and rural areas. All three of these factors significantly influenced near-miss incidents among motorcycle riders in both urban and rural areas. The policy recommendations resulting from this study can contribute to enhancing safety measures for motorcycle riders.