Sustainable Resource Utilization Research Articles

Research and Prospect of Fishery Resource Survey Technology

At present, the sustainable utilization of fishery resources has become a hot topic in the study of fishery sustainable development, and it is also an important research content in the theory and practice of sustainable development. In the 21st century, in addition to climate change and other factors, a large number of artificial Marine economic activities have caused great damage to the ecological environment of the habitat of fishery resources. At present, the protection of fishery resources is imminent, and to protect fishery resources, we need to conduct a good survey of existing fish. Based on the survey technology of fish resources, this paper introduces the traditional survey technology and modern fish resources survey technology in detail, analyzes the existing problems and countermeasures, and provides reference for the study of fish resources survey.

Study on Seepage of Coalbed Methane in Pore-fracture Double - porosity Medium

The study of coalbed methane (CBM) seepage within dual-porosity medium constitutes a significant research endeavor in the field of geology and coalbed methane reservoir engineering. This research delves into the complex dynamics governing CBM flow through porous coal matrices within dual-porosity systems. Employing advanced methodologies including numerical simulation and experimental analysis, this investigation aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CBM migration, encompassing diffusion and adsorption phenomena within the coal matrix, as well as interactions with adjacent strata. The outcomes of this study carry substantial implications for optimizing CBM extraction techniques and promoting the sustainable utilization of this invaluable natural resource.

Genetic structure of ten Artemia populations from China: cumulative effects of ancient geological events, climatic changes, and human activities

This study investigated the population genetics and distribution patterns of Artemia populations from ten inland salt lakes in China. A total of 1,274,698 Artemia single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. The results showed that these populations could be geographically and genetically divided into four distinct groups, and that the Tibetan populations were further divided into two subpopulations with a trend of decreasing genetic diversity from west to east. The Tibetan population had the highest genetic diversity, whereas the Shanxi population had the lowest. There was moderate genetic differentiation between the Tibetan populations and greater genetic differentiation between the Xinjiang and Shanxi populations. IBD (isolation by distance) suggested that geographical isolation contributes to genetic differentiation. In addition, there was some degree of gene flow among the ten populations, with A. sinica showing unidirectional gene flow in all populations in the eastern Nagri region. Species distribution modeling showed that mean annual temperature, temperature seasonality, and annual precipitation were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Artemia populations and suitable habitats for Tibetan populations will be further reduced in the future. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of germplasm resources and formulate scientific protocols for the sustainable development and utilization of Artemia resources.

Spatial-temporal evolution of plateau and plain lakes and climate driving factors based on Google Earth Engine platform

Accurate understanding of lake water dynamic changes is beneficial to sustainable utilization of water resources and maintenance of ecological balance. Lake change is sensitively reflective of climate and environment change. This study chooses plateau lake and plain lake as the study area, and uses Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI and meteorological data as data source. Based on the Google Earth Engine platform, lake areas are extracted using NDWI method, and lake morphological characteristics are analyzed. The model between climate factors and lake area is established and analyzed in sections according to the difference of lake change trend. The results indicate that the morphological characteristic index of the plateau lakes changes little, but that of the plain lakes changes greatly. Precipitation in the plain lakes fluctuates more violently than that in the plateau lakes. The temperature fluctuation in the plateau lakes is larger than that in the plain lakes.

Phenotypic and Molecular Diversity of Wild Populations of Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret in the Southern Area of Natural Distribution

Acca sellowiana is a subtropical tree in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae) native to southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. It is recognized for its value as a fruit-bearing, ornamental, and medicinal species. Based on distinctive characteristics of fruits, seeds, and leaves, as well as its geographical distribution pattern, two variants of the species are distinguished: the “Brazilian type” and the “Uruguayan type”. The objective of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the diversity of 202 individuals from four wild populations in Uruguay, representative of the species’ most southern natural distribution. Twenty-three morphological descriptors (leaf, flower, and fruit) and 204 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were used. The morphological data collected validated the main criteria that distinguish “Uruguayan type” populations from “Brazilian type” populations, such as lower seed weight and fruit size, thin and slightly rough skin, high pulp percentage, and hairy white abaxial leaf surfaces. Analyses of both morphological and molecular data indicated wide diversity and strong population structuring, which is relevant information for designing conservation plans, sustainable utilization, and genetic improvement of the plant genetic resources of this species.

Mathematical modelling for groundwater management for multilayers aquifers (Erbil basin)

This study addresses the pressing issues of groundwater depletion and drought problems in the Erbil basin, a vital resource region in the Middle East. Focused on an area of strategic importance due to its large size and critical water resources, the study employs the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software to create a detailed 3D hydrogeological model based on extensive borehole data. With over 240 boreholes analyzed, the study strategically selects 70 accurate wells drilled by the Groundwater Directorate. The construction of the 3D stratigraphic models for the Erbil basin relies on three main historical data including boreholes, geological formations and a comprehensive approach, incorporating deep well logging data and the definition of distinct geological layers. By discerning the presence of previous and impervious layers, the model effectively categorizes the aquifer types within the Erbil basin. The aquifer system is delineated based on stratigraphic units, designating materials with high conductivity (silt, sand, and gravel) as aquifers and clay (or claystone) as aquitards. A 3D steady-state groundwater flow model is successfully executed, employing PEST pilot point for automated parameter estimation. The model, validated with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9998, reveals hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 0.000980705 to 100 m/day and a recharge value of 0.000976443 m/day. The study classifies Erbil's aquifer types as unconfined, confined, and semi-confined, providing a valuable foundation for groundwater management. The primary objective of this study is to construct a calibrated numerical groundwater model for the multi-aquifer system in the Erbil basin. The model aims to serve as a robust tool for analyzing the sustainability of diverse groundwater infrastructure development strategies within the region. The Erbil basin poses unique challenges for groundwater modeling, marked by a scarcity of critical data such as monitoring well information, pumping rates, recharge rates, and flow budgets. In response to these limitations, the study adopts an innovative approach by integrating in situ data with earth observation data. The integration of these datasets seeks to overcome data constraints and enhance the accuracy of the groundwater model. By achieving calibration and validation of the numerical model, this research strives to provide a valuable resource for decision-makers, planners, and stakeholders involved in groundwater management in the Erbil basin. Ultimately, the study aims to contribute to the development of sustainable and effective strategies for the utilization and preservation of groundwater resources in this vital region and also to enhance practical management strategies for the Erbil groundwater basin, ensuring sustainable utilization of the crucial sub-surface water resources, an objective successfully achieved through this research.

Spatial Bee Optimized Network Theory (Sbont) Based Algorithm to Design of Dance Activity Venues in Elevating Tourism

Cultural tourism is a dynamic and enriching experience that involves exploring the unique heritage, traditions, arts, and customs of different societies. It goes beyond merely visiting landmarks; it delves into the heart and soul of a place, fostering understanding and appreciation for its cultural identity. Cultural tourism with a dance activity provides a vibrant and immersive way to experience the richness of a destination's cultural heritage. Participating in dance activities allows travelers to connect with local communities on a deeper level, learning about their traditions firsthand and forging meaningful connections. This paper proposes a novel approach for the spatial optimization of dance activity venues in cultural tourism destinations, integrating complex network theory with Spatial Bee Optimized Network Theory (SBONT). Cultural tourism thrives on offering diverse and immersive experiences, and dance activities play a pivotal role in enriching these experiences. However, optimizing the spatial layout of dance venues to enhance accessibility, cultural authenticity, and visitor satisfaction poses a complex problem. With integrating spatial considerations with network optimization principles, the proposed framework aims to maximize accessibility, connectivity, and cultural immersion for tourists while promoting sustainable development and resource utilization. Simulation results demonstrated that venues with a cultural significance score exceeding 0.8 experienced a 15% increase in visitor footfall compared to less significant counterparts. Moreover, the accessibility score for each venue improved by an average of 0.12, indicative of enhanced ease of access for tourists and local communities. These tangible outcomes underscore the algorithm’s effectiveness in orchestrating layouts that foster sustainable cultural tourism development while celebrating and preserving cultural heritage through dynamic dance activities.

Detecting Shoreline Changes on the Beaches of Hainan Island (China) for the Period 2013–2023 Using Multi-Source Data

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the dynamic beach landscapes of Hainan Island, which is located at the southernmost tip of China. Home to over a hundred natural and predominantly sandy beaches, Hainan Island confronts significant challenges posed by frequent marine natural disasters and human activities. Addressing the urgent need for long-term studies of beach dynamics, this research involved the use of CoastSat to extract and analyze shoreline data from 20 representative beaches and calculate the slopes of 119 sandy beaches around the island for the period from 2013 to 2023. The objective was to delineate the patterns of beach evolution that contribute to the prevention of sediment loss, the mitigation of coastal hazards, and the promotion of sustainable coastal zone management. By employing multi-source remote sensing imagery and the CoastSat tool, this investigation validated slope measurements across selected beaches, demonstrating consistency between the calculated and actual distances despite minor anomalies. The effective use of the finite element solution (FES) in the 2014 global tidal model for tidal corrections further aligned the coastlines with the mean shoreline, underscoring CoastSat’s utility in enabling precise coastal studies. The analysis revealed significant seasonal variations in shoreline positions, with approximately half of the monitored sites showing a seaward progression in summer and a retreat in winter, which were linked to variations in wave height. The southern beaches exhibited distinct seasonal variations, which contrasted with the general trend due to differing wave impacts. The western and southern shores showed erosion, while the northern and eastern shores displayed accretion. The calculated slopes across the island indicated that the southern beaches had steeper slopes, while the northern areas exhibited more pronounced slope variations due to wave and tidal impacts. These findings highlight the critical role of integrated coastal management and erosion control strategies in safeguarding Hainan Island’s beaches. By understanding the mechanisms driving seasonal and regional shoreline changes, effective measures can be developed to mitigate the impacts of erosion and enhance the resilience of coastal ecosystems amidst changing environmental conditions. This research provides a foundational basis for future efforts aimed at the sustainable development and utilization of coastal resources on Hainan Island.

Groundwater Modelling of Jamwa Ramgarh using Visual MODFlow Flex

A steady state finite difference model, MODFLOW, is developed to quantify groundwater in Jamwa Ramgarh, Jaipur (Dt) Rajasthan, using Groundwater data from 06 observation wells. ArcGIS was used to generate various shapefiles required as input files in Visual MODFlow Flex. The findings indicate that the calculated contours of groundwater levels closely correspond to the observed contours. The sustainable utilization and management of groundwater resources pose significant challenges for many countries worldwide. In recent years, groundwater modelling has emerged as an effective approach to tackle these challenges. Various modelling software tools are available to simulate groundwater flow, with MODFLOW being widely used to investigate the interactions between surface water and groundwater and to develop models for specific study areas. MODFLOW, a renowned groundwater modelling software, enables researchers and water resource professionals to understand and analyze the complex dynamics of groundwater systems. By utilizing MODFLOW, it becomes possible to assess the interactions between surface water and groundwater, evaluate the impacts of pumping or recharge activities, and make informed decisions regarding the sustainable management of groundwater resources. The utilization of MODFLOW and similar modelling software plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of groundwater systems and supporting effective groundwater resource management practices.

Preliminary Safety Analysis of Megaconstellations in Low Earth Orbit: Assessing Short-Term and Long-Term Collision Risks

The deployment of megaconstellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) poses significant collision risks with space debris. This paper focuses on analyzing the short-term and long-term collision probabilities of megaconstellations to assess their collision risk. Firstly, a short-term collision risk evolution model is developed to accurately address rendezvous collisions. Secondly, a long-term collision risk evolution model is established by considering space object density, space debris attenuation, space target disintegration, and the distribution of disintegration targets. Through simulations conducted on the Starlink Phase I constellation, the results demonstrate a 30–40% increase in short-term collision probability within the constellation shell, a 70.2% probability of at least one collision during the constellation’s lifetime, and a 25.3% increase in secondary collisions following a collision event. This study provides a reference and application for analyzing the orbital safety of LEO megaconstellations and for promoting the sustainable development and utilization of space resources.

Revolutionizing Plastic Waste Management in the Packaging Industry: An In-depth Exploration of AI-Driven Circular Economy Strategies

Abstract: This research paper delves into the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in revolutionizing plastic waste management within the packaging industry. The study aims to assess the role of AI technologies in promoting circular economy principles, with a specific focus on reducing plastic waste, optimizing recycling processes, and fostering sustainable resource utilization. Through a comprehensive analysis of real-world applications and case studies in the packaging sector, the paper aims to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating AI-driven circular economy practices, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and eco-friendly packaging landscape.

Ca–Mg modified attapulgite for phosphate removal and its potential as phosphate-based fertilizer

The urgent concerns of controlling water body eutrophication and the alleviating phosphorus shortage have led to an urgent need for action. The removal of phosphate from polluted waters and its reuse are essential for the prevention of eutrophication and for the sustainable utilization of phosphate resources. In this study, modified attapulgite with different Ca:Mg molar ratios was synthesized to facilitate the recovery of phosphate, with subsequent use of soil fertilizer. Ca–Mg modified attapulgite with the optimal ratio (ACM-5:3) exhibited an exceptional adsorption quality, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 63.2 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, respectively. The adsorption mechanism analyses suggested that the interaction between ACM-5:3 and phosphate depended mainly on ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. Moreover, phosphate-laden-ACM-5:3 demonstrated a significant potential as a phosphorus-releasing fertilizer. It could promote corn growth by ensuring a continuous supply of phosphorus and minimizing phosphorus runoff losses. The above results suggested that ACM-5:3 was a potential adsorbent for efficient phosphate removal and recovery.

Shrimp Waste Upcycling: Unveiling the Potential of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids with Emphasis on Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Properties.

Shrimp processing generates substantial waste, which is rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of shrimp waste, mainly shrimp shells, focusing on extraction methods, bioactivities, and potential applications of these bioactive compounds. Various extraction techniques, including chemical extraction, microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized techniques are discussed, highlighting their efficacy in isolating polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids from shrimp waste. Additionally, the bioactivities associated with these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, among others, are elucidated, underscoring their potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Furthermore, the review explores current and potential utilization avenues for these bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of sustainable resource management and circular economy principles in maximizing the value of shrimp waste. Overall, this review paper aims to provide insights into the multifaceted aspects of shrimp waste valorization, offering valuable information for researchers, industries, and policymakers interested in sustainable resource utilization and waste-management strategies.

Coastal vulnerability assessment to multi hazards in the exposed coast of Southeastern Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a maritime nation situated on the northern side of the Bay of Bengal (BoB), blessed with substantial natural resources and opportunities. However, natural disasters and climate-induced hazards are threatening these opportunities as well as destroying the recourses. Coastal vulnerability assessment aids in the prevention of loss of life and resource devastation since it provides forewarning of impending calamitous consequences and facilitates taking mitigative measures. The study has endeavored to make a composite coastal vulnerability index (CVI) for the exposed coast of the southeastern coastal region of Bangladesh, combining physical and social vulnerability indexes using several physical and social parameters. The CVI was developed by using nine physical parameters, namely (a) Coastal Elevation, (b) Coastal Slope, (c) Annual Average Rainfall, (d) Storm Surge Height, (e) Soil Salinity, (f) Average Wind Speed, (g) Rate of SLR, (h) Soil Permeability, (i) Mean Tidal Range and six social parameters namely (a) Literacy rate, (b) Household Structure, (c) Land Use Land Cover (LULC), (d) Population Density (e) Number of Disabled People and (f) Number of Population (Age: <5 & >65). With the aid of field and secondary data, thematic layers of each physical and social parameter were prepared by defining five distinct vulnerability classes (i.e., very high, high, moderate, low, and very low) and assigning vulnerability ranks. The final CVI was estimated using geospatial techniques such as GIS and remote sensing, coupled with Physical Vulnerability Index (PVI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and relevant values were categorized into five distinct groups as before. The findings show that 25.9% of the exposed coast in the southeast coastal region, which comprises Banshkhali, Chakaria, Maheshkhali, and Cox's Bazar Sadar is high to very high vulnerable to multiple hazards. Comparatively, 28.29% have been classified as moderately vulnerable, and the remaining 45.8% in the areas of Hathazari, Mirsharai, Sitakunda, Sandwip, and Chittagong City (Kotwali), Kutubdia show that they are very low to low vulnerable to such multi-hazards. Based on this vulnerability assessment result, sustainable coastal management policy-making and development planning can be taken to mitigate the risk and loss of the southeastern coastal region due to climatic hazards and natural disasters such as floods and storm surges. The outcome information will also help to make an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) plan for the proper and sustainable utilization of the coastal resources. Additionally, it will assist as ground information to establish a framework for prioritizing community resilience-building initiatives or developing appropriate adaptation strategies to lower catastrophe risk.

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ З ПЕРЕРОБКИ ТВЕРДИХ ПОБУТОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ

The article demonstrates that Ukraine faces significant challenges in the management of solid household waste. These issues include the absence of a clear waste disposal strategy and insufficient attention to environmental safety. Most landfills in Ukraine fail to meet safety standards and environmental norms, posing a threat to the surrounding environment. Effective resolution of these problems involves the implementation of advanced solid household waste processing technologies and the improvement of waste management systems to ensure sustainable resource utilization and reduce negative environmental impact. The prospects for the development of enterprises involved in solid household waste processing are discussed, including societal awareness of environmental pollution issues and the need for protection, legislative initiatives aimed at reducing waste volumes, and technological progress enabling the creation of new products from recycled waste while minimizing environmental impact. It is argued that the development of this sector can stimulate investments and contribute to the creation of new jobs in the environmental economy. It is argued that effective strategic management of investment activities in enterprises dealing with solid household waste processing is a crucial factor in their successful development and achieving competitive advantage in the market. It is demonstrated that based on the analysis of the enterprise’s needs and opportunities, an investment strategy should be developed to align with strategic goals and enhance its competitiveness. This strategy involves optimal resource utilization to ensure sustainable development and maximize financial results. The main stages of developing and implementing the investment management strategy in enterprises dealing with solid household waste processing include market and needs analysis, selection of investment directions, evaluation of investment projects, development of an investment plan, implementation of investment projects, monitoring and control, evaluation of results, and strategy adjustment. It is proposed that for maximum effectiveness, these stages of the strategy should be implemented comprehensively.

Unlocking the future of space resource management through satellite remote sensing and AI integration

This scientific study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) and satellite remote sensing could work together to transform space resource management. As human activity in space continues to expand, the effective and sustainable utilization of celestial resources is of paramount importance. It begins by highlighting the evolution of space exploration and the growing interest in resource extraction beyond Earth's boundaries. It emphasizes the critical role of resource management for the success of future space missions.Advances in technology in recent times, including the implementation of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) and self-governing mining systems, have significantly enhanced the possibility of extracting resources from celestial entities. While the economic feasibility of space mining is compelling, environmental concerns, sustainability, and intricate governance challenges necessitate careful examination.An approach for comprehending the complex field of space resource management is presented in this research. It delineates a clear roadmap of its content, offering a succinct summary of key objectives and sections, facilitating reader comprehension. The methodology includes a literature review of relevant research materials from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar sources. It investigates celestial bodies' resource potential, main challenges, and environmental implications.Preliminary contributions include one analysis of the potential applications of satellite remote sensing and AI technologies in mitigating these challenges, highlighting their pivotal roles in resource identification and management, proposing terrestrial solutions applicable to space resource management. The integration of AI into space resource management is discussed, emphasizing its potential to enhance safety protocols, resource allocation, and overall efficiency. Furthermore, it discusses international agreements and treaties governing space exploration and resource utilization while advocating for cooperation among space-faring nations and stakeholders. It concludes discussing the implications, benefits, challenges, areas requiring further attention, and future directions of integrating these technologies in space resource management.

Land Use Change and Ecological Security Evaluation in Haikou City

With the continuous development of society and the acceleration of urbanization, profound changes have occurred in the utilization of land resources. Unreasonable land use and development pose serious threats to land ecological security, leading to a series of ecological security issues that constrain regional sustainable development. This study takes Haikou City as the research object and utilizes remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to analyze the changes in land use in Haikou City from 2002 to 2022. Simultaneously, a land ecological security evaluation system is constructed based on the "Pressure-State-Response" (PSR) model. The weights of the indicators are determined by combining the Entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) method is then applied to evaluate the land ecological security index. The results indicate that during the period from 2002 to 2022, the cropland and impervious areas in Haikou City exhibited significant growth trends, while the areas of grassland, water, barren land, and forest decreased. Despite this, the comprehensive ecological security index of Haikou City showed an overall fluctuating upward trend, reaching its optimal state in 2022, with the land ecological security level improving from "Minor Warning" to "Relatively Safe". These research findings provide scientific evidence for adjusting land use policies and formulating relevant measures, and also serve as an important reference for promoting the sustainable utilization and ecological security protection of land resources in Haikou City.

The concept of "state fishes of India": Current status, knowledge gaps, and strategic plans for conservation and sustainable utilization.

The concept of "state fishes of India" highlights the importance and significance of the prioritized fish species distributed across various states within the country. This review article systematically documents the current status of state fishes from various perspectives, identifies the prevailing knowledge gaps, and also highlights the issues and strategic plans essential for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these valuable genetic resources. A total of 8357 publications were checked for the consolidated information on state fish species, and the appropriate items were selected under eight categories: biology, physiology and nutrition, aquaculture, habitat and environmental parameters, genetics and biotechnology, harvest and postharvest, fish health management, and others. The synthesized information was used to present the current status of research and development on state fish species. The knowledge gaps that are to be addressed are also depicted under the perspectives of fisheries management and conservation aquaculture. Based on the findings, strategic plans for the targeted conservation programmes are proposed and discussed under various in situ and ex situ conservation measures. Further, the departmental processes involved in the declaration, the importance of stakeholder involvement, namely, local communities and policymakers, in fostering effective conservation measures, and planning for utilization of these valuable fish genetic resources are also indicated.

Review of Operation Performance and Application Status of Pulsating Heat Pipe

Due to the rapid development of science and technology in today’s era, electronic equipment is constantly upgrading. Today, the developmental trend of electronic equipment is miniaturization, portability and multi-functionality. However, multi-functionality often means multi-components, so it is undoubtedly a great test of heat dissipation ability to accommodate more components in a smaller volume. Without sufficient heat dissipation capacity, a large number of components will stop working or even be damaged because of the heat generated during operation. As a new passive cooling and heat exchange technology, pulsating heat pipes have many advantages, such as having no external energy input, a simple structure, changeable installation forms and low installation requirements. They have shown great potential in the field of thermal management, and have attracted a lot of scholars’ attention since they were put forward. Because of their operational stability and heat exchange ability in high heat flux environments, they are the best choice for cooling electronic equipment at present. If they can be fully studied and utilized, pulsating heat pipes can not only reduce the consumption of heat dissipation resources but also reuse heat energy to realize the sustainable utilization of resources. This paper briefly introduces the demand background and structural principle of pulsating heat pipes, and summarizes the research on the parameters of pulsating heat pipes and the application status of pulsating heat pipes. The parameters involve working fluid type, pipe diameter, elbow number, liquid filling rate, inclination angle, etc. After classifying the parameters that affect the operation results of pulsating heat pipes, this paper summarizes the research at this stage, and points out the lack of research fields, such as heat flux density, and new application fields of unconventional gravity environment by combining the literature content with the current scientific and technological development trends and experimental parameters, such as thermodynamics.

A STUDY ON DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND PROTEIN AMOUNTS OF WASTE GREEN ALGAE OF MAMASIN DAM LAKE (AKSARAY-TURKEY)

The excessive proliferation of green algae in aquatic ecosystems threatens aquatic life, leading to oxygen depletion and water pollution. This study investigates two common green algae species, Ulva sp. and Cladophora sp., with potential in terms of protein and phenolic compounds. Cladophora sp. and Ulva sp. extracts were analyzed for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Despite lower phenolic content compared to specific plant species, both algae species exhibit various phenolic compounds. GC-MS analysis indicates the presence of major compounds such as limonene in Cladophora sp. and Tetradec-1-ene in Ulva sp., suggesting potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite modest protein amounts, the study emphasizes that algae, aligned with the increasing interest in plant-based nutrition, are a promising source for plant-based protein production. Ulva sp. and Cladophora sp. algae demonstrate potential as alternative protein sources and reservoirs of bioactive phenolic compounds from waste sources. This study pioneers further research in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to contribute to sustainable water resource utilization.