Sustainable Progress Research Articles

Sustainability of opioid agonist therapy programmes in Belarus, the Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan and Ukraine in the context of transition from Global Fund support during 2020–2023

BackgroundMost national programmes of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in Eastern Europe and Central Asia are at a critical juncture for building their sustainability due to decreasing support from the Global Fund and other international HIV funders. Therefore, it is timely to identify the status, trends, opportunities and risk factors of OAT preparedness in the face of donor transition.MethodsThe study assessed the OAT sustainability progress in 4 countries: Belarus, the Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan and Ukraine. The study used a comparative country case study design with qualitative methods and two data points in 2020 and 2022–2023. In total, 363 sources were reviewed and used, 83 interviews with key informants and 13 focus groups were conducted with clients, using a joint methodology and a defined Framework with three dimensions: ‘Policy & Governance’; ‘Finance & Resources’; and, ‘Services’.ResultsAll four countries have made improvements to increase OAT sustainability, though it varied. In 2022, Ukraine had a substantial degree of sustainability, followed by Belarus and Moldova with a moderate degree, while Tajikistan’s sustainability was at moderate-to-high risk. No country achieved a high degree of OAT sustainability in any of the three dimensions measured. However, a high degree of sustainability was reported for at least one indicator in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine: ‘Medicines’; ‘Financial resources’; ‘Evidence and information systems’; ‘Service Accessibility’; or, ‘Service integration & quality’. On average, the greatest improvement between 2020 and 2022 was seen for ‘Availability & coverage’; ‘Financial resources’; ‘Service quality & integration’; and, ‘Service accessibility’. The highest risks across the countries, notably in Belarus and Tajikistan, were recorded for the indicator, ‘Availability and coverage’. Of concern is that the least progress, or even a decline, was found in ‘Human resources’.ConclusionsOAT sustainability in the 4 analysed countries remains at risk, despite progress in all countries. Managing HIV donor transition can have positive effects in addressing financial sustainability, especially inspired by Ukraine’s continued progress despite economic contraction and Russia’s invasion. More attention is needed to non-financial aspects of OAT sustainability in donor transition planning. The directions that could have multifaceted positive influence for OAT long-term resilience and scale up for impact on drug problems include decentralisation outside of health settings and broader drug treatment financial and management transformation, together with drug policy reforms. Thus far, viable solutions for sustainability of OAT in conflict areas appear unlikely. Building OAT resilience should remain high on the agenda of national stakeholders, technical partners and donors.

Can Special Autonomy and Fiscal Decentralization Reduce Inequality in Papua Province?

The issue of regional inequality has gained prominence during the era of progress, driven by the goal of promoting equitable development and enhancing the well-being of all segments of society. Papua Province is an integral part of Indonesia, and confronts intricate hurdles in addressing regional inequality. In response to these hurdles, special autonomy status and fiscal decentralization were implemented to boost regional autonomy. This study aims to scrutinize the impact of special autonomy and fiscal decentralization on regional inequality within Papua Province. The dataset used in the study spans from 2011 to 2021 and has been sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics for Papua Province and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied and the analytical results underscore that granting special autonomy status has exerted a noteworthy influence in diminishing regional inequality within Papua Province. Nevertheless, an unexpected finding is that fiscal decentralization has not substantially curtailed regional inequality within the region. These revelations provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by fiscal decentralization and special autonomy in endeavors to alleviate regional inequality in Papua Province. The implications of these findings lay the groundwork for policymaking and developmental planning that foster inclusivity and sustainable progress within the Province of Papua. Keywords: special autonomy, fiscal decentralization, regional inequality

Breaking the cycle: Presenting insights and strategies to overcome violent conflicts hindering social cohesion and progress in South African communities

ABSTRACT This study addresses the pervasive issue of violent conflicts that undermine social cohesion and hinder progress within South African communities. Thus, the study explores the root causes and contributing factors of these conflicts to provide a foundation for developing effective, evidence-based intervention strategies. The investigation revealed five critical themes: (1) community awareness and perceptions of safety, (2) communication and information to ensure safety, (3) causes of violent conflicts in South Africa, (4) community engagement and membership influence and (5) Five Year/third-quarter 2019/2023 Crime Statistics. These themes underscore the complexity of violent conflicts in post-apartheid South Africa, where the persistence of a violent culture, pervasive corruption, and connections between criminal syndicates and government officials exacerbate the situation. The methodology used is desktop research that combined critical review of literature, reports and discussions of identified themes. The study is centred around the concept of Conflict Transformation, which plays a crucial role in fostering relationships and facilitating reconciliation processes in society. This includes grassroots initiatives and the participation of leaders at different levels. The study concludes that that violent conflicts can be mitigated through informed actions and strategic interventions. With these insights, this study offers recommendations as a framework for policymakers and practitioners to develop targeted measures aimed at fostering a safer, more cohesive society. The goal is to break the cycle of violent conflicts to pave the way for sustainable social progress in South African communities.

New Approaches for Sustainable Growth: Advancing Cross-sector Collaborations, New Capability Building, and Executive Leadership Development

Effective executive leadership is essential for the success and direction of any organization, regardless of the industry in which it operates. However, with today's interconnected economic production and distribution processes spanning complex networks operating in diverse geographic, social, and cultural markets, uncertainty has become more pronounced. In light of these changes, we propose a learning approach based on the Cross-Sector Partnership theory, which involves creating leadership collectives that work across sectors. These collectives can create innovative strategies for sustainable progress. We believe that universities can play a crucial role in fostering collaborations between different sectors, including industry and government. As hubs of knowledge creation, research, and talent development, universities are well-positioned to offer executive education programs, masterclasses, and professional development opportunities. Such initiatives can help create a culture of continuous learning and skill acquisition, which is vital for sustainable growth. By emphasizing the importance of cross-sector collaborations, we can build critical capabilities for sustainable progress and leverage executive leadership development as a powerful tool for achieving this goal.

Preparation of natural adhesives with high-strength and low temperature fast-curing properties

The development of natural adhesives to substitute petroleum-based products is crucial for sustainable progress. However, the bond strength of most existing natural adhesives still falls short of that of commercially available adhesives and the curing process often demands prolonged high-temperature treatment. Herein, we prepared pure natural adhesives using gelatin (GE), tung oil (TO), and dopamine (DA) as the main raw materials. The shear strength of the adhesive to wood reached up to 6.35 MPa, a significant improvement over most natural wood adhesives reported. Additionally, the tensile strength of the adhesive to wood reached 10.50 MPa, which is comparable to commercially available neoprene-phenolic wood adhesives (9.99 MPa) and cyanoacrylate instant adhesives (9.48 MPa). In addition, the natural adhesive prepared by us exhibits fast curing performance at room temperature and can be fully cured in only 12 min, which is significantly better than the commercially available adhesive. The adhesives prepared in this study also possessed excellent reversible curing properties, antimicrobial properties, low toxicity, and degradability. These characteristics offer new insights for the advancement and dissemination of natural adhesives.

Revealing the Response of Cucumber Soil Microbial Community Composition and Function to Nitrogen Addition in Northern Chinese Greenhouses

At present, the soil of Chinese greenhouses is experiencing severe nitrogen input in the form of fertilizer, which will cause damage to the soil environment and restrict crop growth in the long run. The response of potential functions of microorganisms as drivers of nutrient cycling and material transformation to nitrogen enrichment has rarely been reported in northern vegetable planting systems. Therefore, we set up four cucumber pot experiments with different nitrogen addition rates (0, 258, 516, and 1032 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in the greenhouse. Bacterial and fungal communities were detected by 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequencing, and bacterial and fungal functional groups were predicted using the FAPROTAX and FUNGuild databases. The findings showed that nitrogen addition induced soil acidification (a decrease of 0.25–1.63 units) significantly reduced microbial diversity and changed the community composition of bacteria and fungi. The relative abundance of bacterial functional groups associated with the nitrogen cycle increased significantly when medium and high levels of nitrogen were added. Conversely, the bacterial functional groups involved in the carbon cycle exhibited the opposite pattern. In this study, NO3− and soil pH were the main factors affecting the soil microbial community and its functional groups. Our results highlight that hydrocarbon degradation and saprophytic fungi may play key roles in yield formation during cucumber cultivation in northern solar greenhouses. In general, adopting a fertilization strategy that ensures low-medium nitrogen availability can contribute to the sustainable progress of facility agriculture.

The Role of the Agricultural Sector in Sustainable Development: Analysis of Data Availability and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal Indicators for Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) -- Case Study of Madiun Regency and Madiun City

This research aimed to identify the role of the agricultural sector in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). One of the SDGs related to the agricultural sector was Goal 2, zero hunger. Before assessing the extent of the agricultural sector’s role by measuring the achievement level of indicators in Goal 2, another challenge in evaluating sustainable development progress was data availability. This study employed a case study approach in two areas: Madiun District and Madiun City. The research findings revealed that in Madiun District, out of the 11 indicators in Goal 2, 4 indicators lacked data. In terms of achievement levels, five indicators were achieved and two were not achieved. In contrast, Madiun City had data for each indicator, with eight indicators achieved and three not achieved. The research concluded that data availability for development indicators at the municipal government level was significantly better compared to the district level. The urgency of data availability lies in obtaining an overview of sustainable development achievement in a region and determining future steps through policies and strategic measures, particularly in supporting sectors like agriculture. Keywords: sustainable agriculture, sustainable development goals, SDGs assessment

Survey on Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Models: Methods, Evaluation, and Application

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased exceptional capabilities in various domains, attracting significant interest from both academia and industry. Despite their impressive performance, the substantial size and computational demands of LLMs pose considerable challenges for practical deployment, particularly in environments with limited resources. The endeavor to compress language models while maintaining their accuracy has become a focal point of research. Among the various methods, knowledge distillation has emerged as an effective technique to enhance inference speed without greatly compromising performance. This paper presents a thorough survey from three aspects: method, evaluation, and application, exploring knowledge distillation techniques tailored specifically for LLMs. Specifically, we divide the methods into white-box KD and black-box KD to better illustrate their differences. Furthermore, we also explored the evaluation tasks and distillation effects between different distillation methods, and proposed directions for future research. Through in-depth understanding of the latest advancements and practical applications, this survey provides valuable resources for researchers, paving the way for sustained progress in this field.

Towards the Development of Human Capital: Preliminary Results on a Study on Well-being Among Tertiary Students in Melaka, Malaysia

Economic development is intimately linked to human resource development. People who can improve themselves fast and efficiently successfully deal with life's problems and challenges, including those who are in tertiary education. Therefore, their stress level is an indicator of the well-being of our future leaders. This study investigates the various factors that can affect tertiary students' well-being. This preliminary research involves collecting data from higher education institutions in Melaka, with 191 completed responses. The findings were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and correlation. Findings show that 62.8% of respondents experience low stress, while 37.2% report high stress. Key stressors include time pressure, academic dissatisfaction, and subject matter issues, with financial and social factors also contributing to stress levels. However, relationships and environmental factors appear to have a lesser impact on their stress levels. Based on the correlation coefficient, stress level (dependent variable) does not relate to single variables. Most variables have a moderate correlation with the other variables. The study's findings show that tertiary students in Melaka do not experience alarmingly high levels of stress, but several factors do affect them. Therefore, well-being must be prioritized to ensure the best human capital can be created, as it represents future leaders and a skilled workforce. Recommendations are made for policy adjustments to address stress factors, providing human capital development for sustained national progress.

Technological Progress as a Catalyst for Energy Efficiency: A Sustainable Technology Perspective

Enhancing energy efficiency through sustainable technological progress is imperative for pursuing sustainable development, particularly in developing countries where economic growth is strongly linked to higher energy consumption. In Tunisia, an open and developing economy, fossil energy consumption can be reduced without compromising economic growth by focusing on diminishing energy intensity. This study investigates the effects of technological progress on the overall energy intensity in Tunisia from 1980 to 2019, examining the role that technological advancements may play in attaining sustainable development goals. This study is based on a growth accounting model that uses time-series analysis and a cointegration estimation approach. Our empirical results suggest the presence of a long-term connection between the variables. The attainment of enhanced energy efficiency is contingent on the growth rate of technological progress, which should exceed capital and labor productivity. The results reveal that the net impact of technological advancements is estimated at -0.0163, which signifies that aggregate energy intensity tends to decrease by an annual average of 1.63% in the long term. These findings underscore the need for developing economies to restructure their energy policies and support sustainable technological initiatives and green entrepreneurship. Developing countries can reduce their energy intensity while boosting their economic growth by fostering technological innovation. This study demonstrates how technological progress and green entrepreneurship can be leveraged to enhance energy efficiency and drive sustainable development in developing nations.

Innovative Leadership for Social Impact: A Study of Benin’s Accounting, Finance and Economic Strategy

This study delves into the innovative leadership strategies employed in Benin to drive social impact and economic growth. Despite global economic challenges, Benin has emerged as a model for leveraging innovative leadership to address socioeconomic issues. Through a combination of surveys and semi-structured interviews with policymakers, business leaders, and community stakeholders, this research explores the core elements of Benin’s accounting and economic strategy. The study employed qualitative analysis methods to process the data, identifying transformative policies and initiatives that have spurred sustainable development and social progress. The findings reveal that Benin’s success is attributed to robust leadership frameworks, inclusive decision-making processes, and strategic implementations. Specifically, the research highlights how visionary leadership has effectively contributed to accounting and economic resilience, poverty reduction, and improved quality of life for citizens. Additionally, the study underscores the critical role of accounting leadership in fostering inclusive growth and provides actionable insights for policymakers and leaders aiming to replicate Benin’s success in other contexts. By adding to the academic discourse on accounting leadership and economic development, this study offers practical implications for enhancing accounting socioeconomic outcomes through innovative accounting leadership strategies.

Changing of the coordination of socioeconomic development and the environment as sustainable development progresses

The relationship between socioeconomic development and the environment is intimately linked with the level of regional sustainable development. Clarifying the evolution pattern of this relationship during the sustainable development progress is crucial for achieving all of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but less research has focused on this problem. Here, we have utilized statistical and remote sensing data from 290 municipal units in China to analyze the evolution of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between socioeconomic development and the environment along a progression of sustainable development measured by the SDG Index. The results show that the hotspot areas of CCD are concentrated in coastal regions, gradually decreasing as they move inland. Additionally, as sustainable development progresses, both socioeconomic and environment levels exhibit a nonlinear rise. The coupling coordination between the two demonstrates a pattern of initial increasing, then decreasing, and finally increasing again, which may be related to changes in industrial structure. Our study delves deeply into the patterns of evolution in the relationship between socioeconomic and environments, exploring the challenges and opportunities faced by regions at different stages of sustainable development. The findings can deepen our understanding of sustainable development and provide policy suggestions and theoretical support for achieving SDGs.

Malignancy of Malignant Ascites: A Comprehensive Review of Interplay between Biochemical Variables, Tumor Microenvironment and Growth Factors.

Malignant ascites, a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is a serious consequence of many malignancies. This review aims to comprehend the biochemical makeup of malignant ascites, such as pH, cholesterol, protein, etc., which is crucial to developing therapeutics with better treatment outcomes and hence correlate with corresponding prognostic value. The unique tumour microenvironment exhibited by malignant ascites and the crosstalk between inflammatory cells, cytokines and chemokines, interactions between tumour and non-tumour cell types, activation of vital cell signalling pathways within the TME for VEGF-regulated sustained angiogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis is highlighted. This review addresses the need to develop comprehensive assay platforms to identify various biochemical aspects of ascites, to discover the interactions of the tumour microenvironment and to study VEGF-regulated permeability that can expedite early diagnosis and progression of ascites.

Enhancing Anti-Blast Capabilities of Pipelines with High-Performance Composite CFRP Laminate: Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Predictive Analysis

Abstract Recent explosions highlighted the need for a thorough investigation to understand the impact of these explosions on critical infrastructural systems and networks like pipelines. This paper provides an essential understanding for developing safety protocols and interventions, strengthening resilience, enhancing public safety, mitigating socio-economic consequences, and ensuring sustained progress. Shallow buried conduits, crucial for transporting water, oil, and gas over long distances, face explosion risks due to conflicts, sabotage, terrorism, corrosion, and accidental damage. Recent blast incidents in San Francisco and Lagos underscore the devastating effects of conduit malfunctions, necessitating rigorous safety measures and technological innovations. In this research, an empty pipeline measuring 26.20 mm in thickness and subjected to a detonation initiated upon its uppermost surface is emulated, utilising the sophisticated computational capabilities of Abaqus software, integrating principles of computational fluid dynamics. Following a meticulous validation process achieved via mesh refinement analysis, the study expands to scrutinise two additional detonation scenarios — positioned above and below the pipe’s surface — while adhering to a steadfast standoff distance of 25mm. The primary objective of this scholarly endeavour is to ameliorate the deleterious repercussions inflicted upon the conduit by explosive forces, envisioning a scenario where deformation occurs without immediate rupture. To this end, a 0.15 mm thick and 200mm wide laminate composed of composite CFRP with 0°/90° fibre orientation is strategically affixed onto the upper half segment of each pipe model at the impacted region, serving as a fortification measure aimed at bolstering areas of susceptibility and potentially diminishing the magnitude of ensuing blast-induced impairment. Comparative analysis of the pipe’s performance, both with and without the applied laminate, is meticulously conducted to discern the effectiveness of this intervention. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in plastic damage with the utilisation of laminate, with models integrating CFRP experiencing an average decrease of approximately 39.94% compared to those without it. It highlights the efficacy of CFRP in protecting pipeline structural integrity against blast events.

CiteSpace에 기반한 중국 대운하 문화상품 디자인 특성 및 트렌드 분석 연구

This study will analyze the current state and trends in the field of the China Grand Canal cultural product design. By screening relevant literature from the CNKI database between 2014 and 2024, the study employs CiteSpace software to conduct bibliometric analysis and construct knowledge maps. The aim of this research is to uncover the key issues and emerging trends in the field of Grand Canal cultural product design, and to explore possible directions for its future development. Through co-occurrence analysis of keywords, analysis of author collaboration, and distribution of institutions, the study delves into the research dynamics and collaboration networks in this field. The findings suggest that although research on Grand Canal cultural product design has gradually increased since 2014, it remains largely exploratory, with relatively dispersed collaboration among researchers. Future development is likely to focus on interdisciplinary integration and the combination of regional cultural creativity to promote sustained progress in this field.

Role of green finance and higher education in fostering the sustainability and energy transition practices

This paper offers a qualitative analysis of how higher education and green finance impact the promotion of sustainable energy within the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) region from 2000 to 2020. The analysis reveals that higher education has a positive effect on sustainable energy development, with a 1% increase in the higher education population associated with a 0.19% rise in short-term and a 0.29% rise in long-term sustainable energy progress. Green finance also plays a crucial role, significantly accelerating green energy development in the RCEP region—each 1% increase in green finance results in a 0.43% boost in short-term and a 0.38% boost in long-term sustainable energy advancement. In contrast, increased fossil fuel production hampers sustainable energy development. Enhanced internet access further supports green energy progress, contributing to a 0.43% increase in the short-term and a 0.53% increase in the long-term. Policy recommendations include expanding the green finance market, advancing sustainable education initiatives, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and improving internet access to further sustainable energy development in the RCEP region.

Natural resource extraction - Sustainable development relationship and energy productivity moderation in resource-rich countries: A panel Bayesian regression analysis

Social development is essential for improving quality of life, fostering stability, driving economic growth, achieving sustainable goals, enhancing human capital, encouraging civic engagement, building resilience, and fostering innovation, thereby ensuring inclusive, equitable, and sustainable progress. The Social Progress Index (SPI), also known as social development, contains all these features. This study aims to examine the impact of natural resource extraction on social development quadratically using data from 2011 to 2022. The focus of the study is on resource-rich countries. In this study, productive capacity in the energy sector is used as a social development determinant and a natural resource consumption moderator, ensuring sustainability in social development. Analyzing the quadratic relationship allows us to model and understand nonlinear relationships between the predictor and the outcome variable, capturing the effects that change direction or strength at different levels of the predictor. In this study, Bayesian regression is incorporated as an econometric approach. It provides more flexible modelling, incorporates prior knowledge, and offers a full distribution of parameter estimates, leading to better uncertainty quantification and more robust predictions. These estimates confirms a U-shaped natural resource extraction and social development relationship. Energy productive capacities in resource-rich countries not only enhance social development but also ensure the sustainable extraction of natural resources leading to sustainable social development. Population density and biodiversity are incorporated as control variables of the model. The impact of both is positive on social development.

PGPR: Key to Enhancing Crop Productivity and Achieving Sustainable Agriculture.

Due to the burgeoning global population and the advancement of economies, coupled with human activities leading to the degradation of soil ecosystems and the depletion of non-renewable resources, concerns have arisen regarding food security and human survival. In order to address these adverse impacts, the spotlight has been cast upon plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), driven by a strong environmental consciousness. PGPR possesses the capability to foster plant growth and amplify crop yield through both direct and indirect mechanisms. By expediting plant growth, augmenting nutrient assimilation, heightening crop yield and caliber, and fortifying stress resilience, the application of PGPR can mitigate reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides while diminishing ecological perils. This exposition delves into the function of PGPR in modulating plant hormones, fostering nutrient solubilization, and fortifying plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stressors. This review offers valuable insights into the intricate interplay between PGPR and plants, elucidating uncertainties ripe for further investigation. Profound comprehension and judicious utilization of PGPR are indispensable for attaining sustainable agricultural progression, making substantial contributions to resolving the conundrums of global food security and environmental conservation.

Influencing Factors of Sustainable Rural Entrepreneurship: A Four-Dimensional Evaluation System Encompassing Entrepreneurs, Economy, Society, and Environment

The implementation of rural entrepreneurship emerges as a pivotal pathway for fostering rural economic growth. However, unsustainable entrepreneurial endeavors have posed notable ecological threats and environmental degradation. Drawing upon the triple bottom line framework, this research devised a comprehensive evaluation system for sustainable rural entrepreneurship, spanning four dimensions: entrepreneurs, economic, social, and environmental aspects. Employing the fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DANP) approach, we delineated the intricate causal relationships among influencing factors and identified key determinants along with their respective weights. Our findings underscore the prominence of economic dimensions in fostering sustainable rural entrepreneurship. Specifically, entrepreneurial motivation, type of entrepreneurship, financial backing, economic value, favorable policy frameworks, and a conducive business environment emerged as pivotal indicators. Notably, the type of entrepreneurship, financial support, economic value, and favorable policies emerged as propelling factors driving sustainable rural entrepreneurial progress. Conversely, entrepreneurial motivation and the business environment manifested as dependent factors within this causal nexus. This study offers valuable managerial implications for entrepreneurial teams and pertinent government agencies, enabling decision-makers to formulate evidence-based strategies aimed at realizing sustainable rural entrepreneurship.

Unveiling bisphenol A toxicity: human health impacts and sustainable treatment strategies

Abstract Introduction The widespread presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) in consumer goods like water bottles and eyeglass frames raises serious concerns about the chemical’s ability to accumulate in human tissues. Molecular filtration and activated carbon adsorption are two of the many BPA treatment technologies that have emerged in response to these issues; both are essential in the removal or degradation of BPA from water sources and industrial effluents. Content To secure the long-term health and environmental advantages of BPA treatment approaches, sustainable development is essential. Both the efficient elimination or destruction of BPA and the reduction of the treatment operations’ impact on the environment are important components of a sustainable approach. Different search engines like Pub-Med, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scopus are used for these systematic reviews and analyzed accordingly. This can be accomplished by making treatment facilities more energy efficient and using environmentally friendly materials. Greener ways to deal with BPA pollution are on the horizon, thanks to innovative techniques like bioremediation and improved oxidation processes. Reducing dependence on conventional, resource-intensive procedures can be achieved by investigating the use of bio-based materials and natural adsorbents in treatment processes. Summary and Outlook This review article tackling the health and environmental concerns raised by BPA calls for an integrated strategy that incorporates sustainable development principles and technology progress. We can reduce the negative impacts of BPA contamination, improve environmental stewardship in the long run, and ensure human health by combining cutting-edge treatment technologies with sustainable behaviours.