Sustainable Solid Waste Management Research Articles

Identification of municipal solid waste disposal sites for sustainable solid waste management in Cooch Behar Municipality, West Bengal: A RS-GIS based MCDA approach

The proper disposal of solid waste represents one of the most intricate environmental challenges encountered by the municipalities of West Bengal. The municipality of Cooch Behar, a rapidly developing part of the Koch Bihar district of West Bengal, was selected as a case study. A health and environmental threat is created by the disposal of solid waste from the municipality area in an open place in Guriahati G.P., 6 km from the town and near the Torsa River. This study aimsto identify the most suitable areas for the disposal and dumping of municipal solid waste. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the weights of the seventeen causative factors were allocated based on their relevance to identify the appropriate locations. The present study also introduces an innovative methodology employing GIS-based sensitivity analyses to enhance the optimisation of factors influencing suitable solid waste disposal site selection. Three possible waste disposal sites have been identified based on low land costs, the availability of barren land and the distance to settlements and sensitive places. The area under the ROC curve reveals that the AUC value is 0.895, which indicates that the level of accuracy of the model is 89.50 %. With a weight of 0.184, land value was found to be the most important criterion in the model, followed by distance to settlement (0.135) and distance to road (0.123). By carefully choosing suitable locations, this research could assist urban planners in developing a waste management system that is resilient and environmentally sustainable.

Assessing Challenges to Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Authorities in Uganda: A Case Study of Arua Municipality

Purpose: Waste generation is associated with and comes with human activities and as such, waste management is an issue which should be shared by every individual, community, organisation or Country worldwide. Depending on climate, life style and behavioural differences, level of industrialisation, available waste management programmers and economic incentives, the problem of waste generation and its management continues to be a major environmental problem in urban centres worldwide. This Paper attempts to assess the Challenges to Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Authorities in Uganda with specific reference to Arua Municipality in North Western Uganda. A Case study design was used. Materials and Methods: A sample of 391 respondents was selected out of a Target population of 7,881 which included; Heads of Households, Business Operators, Elected leaders, Heads of Departments and Solid waste Collectors. The Methods for data collection adopted were Questionnaires, Interviews, Observation and Documentary Review. The Researcher used Regression Technique for data analysis. Findings: The study findings showed that, urban population growth had an inverse relationship with solid waste management while funding had a positive significant effect on solid waste management. The study further found out that, urban population behaviour had a negative relationship with solid waste management. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: From these findings the researcher concluded that lack of waste segregation; inadequate facilities and equipment, lack of legislation and bye-laws, and ineffective enforcement are among the major challenges to solid waste management in Arua Municipality. Based on the above findings, the researcher recommends the following; Solid waste segregation (separation), enforcement, legislations and bye-laws, provision of adequate solid waste management facilities and equipment and training/Capacity building programmes on solid waste management. The study findings will help policy makers in formulating sustainable solid waste management policies and designing appropriate methods of managing solid waste in urban Local Authorities. The study findings will help raise awareness on issues pertaining to solid waste management at community level. This awareness will help build initiatives to reduce the solid waste management problem in Arua Municipality. The study will further contribute to the body of knowledge on the studies already conducted on solid waste management in developing countries.

Enhancing trash classification in smart cities using federated deep learning

Efficient Waste management plays a crucial role to ensure clean and green environment in the smart cities. This study investigates the critical role of efficient trash classification in achieving sustainable solid waste management within smart city environments. We conduct a comparative analysis of various trash classification methods utilizing deep learning models built on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Leveraging the PyTorch open-source framework and the TrashBox dataset, we perform experiments involving ten unique deep neural network models. Our approach aims to maximize training accuracy. Through extensive experimentation, we observe the consistent superiority of the ResNext-101 model compared to others, achieving exceptional training, validation, and test accuracies. These findings illuminate the potential of CNN-based techniques in significantly advancing trash classification for optimized solid waste management within smart city initiatives. Lastly, this study presents a distributed framework based on federated learning that can be used to optimize the performance of a combination of CNN models for trash detection.

Identification of potential landfill site suitability for urban solid waste disposal of Balurghat Municipality of Dakshin Dinajpur District using GIS and multi-criteria decision-making approach

The production of urban solid waste is one of the most dangerous environmental health risks on the planet. By selecting suitable landfill sites, it is possible to resolve the issue of health risks and environmental pollution driven by the unscientific disposal of solid waste. The current research is centered on determining suitable landfill locations for solid waste disposal within the Balurghat municipality through the integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach. Ten factors were taken into consideration according to their weightage including elevation (0.022), Lithology (0.027), Slope (0.032), Land use and land cover LULC (0.040), Depth of water (0.057), Population density (0.075), Distance from sensitive places (0.107), Distance from road (0.154), Distance from river (0.205) and Land value (0.282). After conducting thorough field visits, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) under the MCDM approach using GIS reveals acceptable sites that were noted and referenced. Final results are validated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using randomly selected 80 potential landfill-suitable site location points with higher accuracy, and a total of 93% of the area under the curve (AUC) has been found worthy to validate the spatial result. The present investigation revealed that only 0.65% of land is very highly suitable, 31.06% of land is highly suitable, 52.54% of land is moderately suitable and 14.74% of land is not suitable for landfilling in Balurghat Municipal area and surroundings respectively. The highly suitable site belongs to the Mamna, Katna, Kuaran, Amtali, Noksha, Bannapara, and Malancha villages of the study area which is a very negligible area. So, the planners should adopt alternative strategies like source minimization, composting, sanitary landfills and awareness programmes for sustainable solid waste management. Hence, the Balurghat Municipality administration, urban planners, and administrative authorities stand to gain valuable insights from the findings of this study as they endeavour to enhance the management of urban solid waste in the area.

A framework to support localized solid waste management decision making: Evidence from Qatar

Solid waste management is a pressing global issue, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals 11 and 12. Despite increasing awareness, the annual rise in waste generation is expected to persist for decades. Efficient waste management is crucial for channeling valuable resources into circular economy flows while safeguarding health and the environment. While best practices are informative, localized actions tailored to specific contexts are essential. This study proposes a thematic framework, grounded in techno-policy, to prioritize actions for achieving sustainable solid waste management (SSWM) in Qatar, with potential applicability to other countries. The prioritized recommendations include enhancing research and policy coordination, harnessing value from waste, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and promoting awareness campaigns. The study underscores the significance of private sector training, plastic recycling, and addressing the impact of mega-events on waste management. It identifies key stakeholders, such as researchers, businesses, government, and the community, emphasizing their roles in implementing effective waste management strategies. Challenges, however, arise from the absence of comprehensive and up-to-date open data, hindering a full understanding of recent developments and identification of priority areas for future research. In summary, this study introduces a novel techno-policy-driven framework for prioritizing SSWM actions, emphasizing the need for targeted efforts in diverse contexts to address the escalating global waste challenge.

A Review of Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Their Application in Sustainable Solid Waste Management

Indigenous communities have always used their knowledge systems to improve their quality of life. For example, rural communities’ resort to indigenous cultural practices to manage their own waste when local administration lacks coordinated ways to manage waste. In the context of indigenous knowledge systems, the idea of waste is non-existent. As indigenous knowledge is believed to provide a holistic framework for an approach that effectively promotes sustainability. As such, the current study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the extent to which indigenous solid waste management practices contribute to sustainable waste disposal methods. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a literature search was carried out in the field of indigenous solid waste management practices. The results indicate a significant imbalance in the amount of conclusive evidence that has been produced to date that suggests the sustainability of indigenous solid waste management practices. It is for this reason that the current study has discovered a substantial literature gap in sustainable solid waste management associated with indigenous knowledge systems. This is an unprecedented trend, especially for a knowledge system that is supposed to promote sustainability practices. However, to improve the likelihood of incorporating indigenous solid waste disposal methods into modern practices, it is imperative to understand the foundational elements that contribute to the advancement of sustainability, lest the sustainability aspect associated with this knowledge system in the discipline of solid waste management remain a mere rhetoric.

Measurement and Spatial Difference Analysis of the Development Level of Urban Solid Waste Resource Utilization from the Perspective of "Waste-Free City"

While the domestic economy is developing rapidly, the impact of municipal solid waste on the ecological environment is increasing. The construction of "waste-free cities" has become an inevitable choice and an important tool to promote the sustainable development of cities and the sustainable management of solid waste. This paper evaluates the level of solid waste resource utilization in 27 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from four dimensions: technical level, economic benefit, social benefit and environmental protection benefit. Firstly, the gray correlation is used to calculate the gray correlation between the selected indicators and the green low-carbon city index, and the results show that the gray correlation of all the indicators is greater than 0.80, which has strong explanatory ability. Then, the entropy weighting method was used to calculate the weights of the indicators and the comprehensive score of the cities, and the top five cities in the comprehensive score were Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Nanjing. Then, by comparing the average scores of Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province, the difference analysis is carried out, and it is found that the regional economic level and industrial structure are the main factors affecting the development level of municipal solid waste resourceization. Finally, the results of the empirical analysis are combined to make suggestions for the construction of "waste-free cities" in China.

Solid waste characteristics and management strategies at ST Theresa (STT) and Holy Cross (HC) hospitals in Chirumanzu rural District, Zimbabwe

AbstractManagement of solid waste from rural hospitals is among major problems affecting developing countries. This is mostly attributed to inadequate data related to quantity and quality of hospital solid waste. Similarly, information related to rural hospital solid waste characteristics and management is limited in Zimbabwe. However, SDGs complemented by Zimbabwe Vision 2030, NDS 1 advocates for sustainable solid waste management. Hence, enough data related to characteristics of solid waste from rural hospitals are required to attain sustainability. This research focuses on hospital solid waste characteristics and management strategies at STT and HC rural hospitals. Descriptive cross sectional research design which triangulates qualitative and quantitative paradigms was utilized. Interviews, observations, questionnaires were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences whereas qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Solid waste generated at STT encompasses non-hazardous (77.35%), hazardous waste (22.65%). At HC solid waste consists of non-hazardous (79%) and hazardous waste (21%). Respondents at STT (70.4%) and HC (72.7%) noted that solid waste was increasing. Solid waste was increasing due to various factors namely high use of disposable materials at HC (35.1%), STT (42.5%) and increase of patients at HC (30%) and STT (29.7%). Solid waste was indiscriminately stored in various types of containers although pedal operated bins and sharp containers were highly used at STT (72.4%) and HC (69.1%). Waste receptacles were transported to disposal sites using wheelbarrows and manual handling. Open pits and burning were among disposal strategies but incineration was regarded as the golden approach at STT (44.8%) and HC (41.8%). Inappropriate hospital solid waste management was due to shortage of finance at STT (38.1%) and HC (30.9%) and unawareness among health workers. Although it was worsened by lack of all stakeholder participation at STT (79.0%) and HC (76.4%). Consequently, the study recommended application of strategies which support circular economy, integrated approach, raising awareness of health workers and provision of enough resources to rural hospitals.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste management is a critical aspect of urban sustainability, encompassing the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste materials. Effective solid waste management practices are essential to minimize environmental pollution, conserve natural resources, and promote public health. This abstract explores various aspects of solid waste management, including waste reduction, recycling, composting, and landfill management, highlighting the importance of integrated waste management systems. The abstract also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with solid waste management, such as the need for innovative technologies and policies to improve waste collection and treatment efficiency. It emphasizes the importance of public education and awareness campaigns to promote waste reduction and recycling practices. Overall, the abstract underscores the importance of sustainable solid waste management practices in creating cleaner, healthier, and more resilient communities. Keywords: 1. Solid and liquid waste management 2. Waste water 3. Reuse 4. Recycle.

A method for determining the recycling value of unprocessed municipal solid waste in one cubic meter waste composition analysis technique

The transition from conventional landfill-centric waste management to resource-centric methodologies necessitates an enhanced comprehension of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its inherent value. Existing methodologies documented in the literature exhibit a lack of standardization, impending the formulation of a systematic engineering approach for MSW characterization and valuation. This study introduces a methodology specifically tailored to discern the composition of waste origination from urban households and evaluate its recyclability within the confines of a circular economy framework, Employing a volume-based measurement approach, aims to estimate the recycling value of waste materials. The study's outcomes contribute significantly to quantifying the potential recycling value that accrues to society. Furthermore, the validation of the proposed protocol elucidates the dynamic nature of recyclable value as it traverses the intricate pathways of the waste supply chain. This insight facilitates the formulation of commercial models grounded in circular economy principles for the effective management of household solid waste. Empirical findings reveal that the total recycling value fluctuates within the range of USD 3.39 and USD 5.76 per cubic meter of waste volume, contingent upon the specific waste composition at the experiment site. Additionally, the proposed methodology uncovers the nuanced variability in MSW composition and recycling value across diverse household collection patterns, identifying mixed plastic, paper, cardboard, mixed MSW, and clothing as primary constituents. The application of this methodology extends beyond mere quantification, providing a foundational framework for simulating the latent recycling value embedded within MSW samples. This, in turn, offers invaluable support to strategy developers, policymakers, and entrepreneurial ventures engaged in the sustainable management of household solid waste. In essence, this study establishes the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of MSW composition and its recyclability, facilitating informed decision-making in the pursuit of a circular economy.•Novel methodology based on one cubic meter (1m3) composition analysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).•A new method to evaluate the recycling value of Municipal Solid Waste.•A basis for business model development for the waste-to-resource conversion model.

Sustainable solid waste management challenges in hill cities of developing Countries: Insights from eastern Himalayan smart cities of Sikkim, India

Rapid urbanization and the growing tourism industry in the Himalayan region have raised significant concerns about the sustainable handling and management of solid waste in the area. This concern is particularly pronounced in the unique and vulnerable ecosystem of cities nestled in the eastern Indian Himalayas, where geography, ecology, and socio-economic factors converge to create distinctive challenges. This study undertakes a thorough investigation of solid waste management practices and challenges in two smart cities nestled in the eastern Himalayan region of India, specifically Gangtok and Namchi. The primary objective was to unveil the complex challenges confronting these cities by conducting an in-depth exploration of waste management practices. This comprehensive investigation was achieved through the collection of samples, conducting surveys within each ward of the cities, and performing physicochemical characterization analyses. The study also proposes a solution-oriented approach leveraging life cycle analysis. Despite the Himalayan backdrop, waste generation varies significantly, with Gangtok producing substantially more waste (50 tons per day (TPD)) compared to Namchi (4.6 TPD). Both cities excel in waste collection, but Gangtok leads in proactive treatment, with 22% (11 TPD) undergoing composting and recycling. However, shared challenges at riverside disposal sites, including overfilled dumpsites and leachate contamination, pose potential environmental hazards amid the Himalayan allure. Organic waste predominates at 40.9% and 40.01% in both cities, indicating composting potential. Plastic closely at 22.25% (Namchi) and 22.65% (Gangtok) was way above the global (12 %) and national (8.4 %) average respectively, emphasizing the urgency of plastic waste reduction strategy. The 16.95% cardboard in Gangtok highlights potential commerce-related waste. The study also highlights the importance of comprehensive policies for informal sector well-being. The lifecycle assessment of Namchi and Gangtok reveals significant methane emissions (99%) from waste anaerobic decomposition potentially due to poor source segregation. Implementing a futuristic waste strategy reduces emissions by 38% in Namchi and 40% in Gangtok, through biogas utilization and renewable energy adoption. The findings advocate for citizen engagement, improved collection, targeted campaigns, and circular economy principles. To ensure sustainability and resilience in waste management within mountain regions, tailored strategies such as material recycling facilities, community engagement initiatives, and landfill diversion mandates should integrate ecological, socioeconomic, and logistical considerations, fostering awareness and participation among communities.

Study of sustainable solid waste management system of Carocok Beach Painan tourism area using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method

This study aims to assess the environmental impact and compare two scenarios of the solid waste management system of the Carocok Beach Tourism Area using the Life Cycle Assessment method. System boundaries include operational and technical aspects of waste management, the energy required, and emissions generated. The functional unit is 30.546 kg/day of waste treated. Scenario 1 is the existing conditions using a city-scale approach with a 1% reduction of waste at the source by scavengers, using a collection of motorized pedicabs, applying transportation to landfills by arm roll truck, and processing Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Plant by composting and landfilling with controlled landfill operation. Scenario 2 is the planning system with different phases of waste processing at the Recycling Center by composting and recycling with plastic chopping machines, producing handicrafts, and practices of sanitary landfill on landfilling. The impact assessment method uses the CML-IA method. The impact categories studied are Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP). Scenario 2 showed the best scenario because it has a smaller impact value for the three impact categories. However, to become a more sustainable management system, some improvement options recommended include a substitution of collection and vehicle fuel and waste processing using the Takakura method.

Harnessing Untapped Resources for Sustainable Energy Production from Municipal Solid Waste in Recourse Challenged Economies: A Case Study of Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh

The sustainable management of municipal solid waste is of utmost importance for cities in Bangladesh, including Rajshahi City, which faces unique challenges due to rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and population expansion. This study aimed to gain insights into waste generation patterns and characteristics in Rajshahi by analyzing factors like moisture content, bulk density, dry density, and calorific value of municipal solid waste at the Rajshahi landfill site. The objective was to identify the most feasible method for waste characterization and segregation. The research methodology utilized a comprehensive approach, incorporating field surveys, laboratory analyses, and statistical modeling to create an energy matrix and assess the potential for waste-to-energy production in Rajshahi City. This study aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to waste and energy management, including SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy - by exploring waste-to-energy options. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities - by addressing waste management challenges in a rapidly urbanizing area. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production - by promoting sustainable waste management practices. SDG 13: Climate Action - by potentially reducing greenhouse gas emissions through efficient waste-to-energy conversion. Overall, this research contributes to Rajshahi City's efforts to achieve sustainable development while addressing its waste and energy needs by converting its 75.8% organic waste to electricity using an anaerobic digester.

A review towards developing a hierarchical model for sustainable hospital solid waste management in rural areas of Zimbabwe.

Management of solid waste from rural hospitals is amongst problems affecting Zimbabwe due to diseases, population, and hospital increase. Solid waste from rural hospitals is receiving little attention translating to environmental health problems. Therefore, 101 secondary sources were used to write a paper aiming to proffer a hierarchical model to achieve sustainable solid waste management at rural hospitals. Rural hospitals' solid waste encompasses electronic waste, sharps, pharmaceutical, pathological, radioactive, chemical, infectious, and general waste. General solid waste from rural hospitals is between 77.35 and 79% whilst hazardous waste is between 21 and 22.65%. Solid waste increase add burden to nearly incapacitated rural hospitals. Rural hospital solid waste management processes include storage, transportation, treatment methods like autoclaving and chlorination, waste reduction alternatives, and disposal. Disposal strategies involve open pits, open burning, dumping, and incineration. Rural hospital solid waste management is guided by legislation, policies, guidelines, and conventions. Effectiveness of legal framework is limited by economic and socio-political problems. Rural hospital solid waste management remain inappropriate causing environmental health risks. Developed hierarchical model can narrow the route to attain sustainable management of rural hospitals' solid waste. Proposed hierarchical model consists of five-layered strategies and acted as a guide for identifying and ranking approaches to manage rural hospitals' solid waste. Additionally, Zimbabwean government, Environmental Management Agency and Ministry of Health is recommended to collaborate to provide sufficient resources to rural hospitals whilst enforcing legal framework. Integration of all hierarchical model's elements is essential whereas all-stakeholder involvement and solid waste minimisation approaches are significant at rural hospitals.

Towards Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Estimating Resource Recovery Potentials in Bhimdatta Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal

Towards Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Estimating Resource Recovery Potentials in Bhimdatta Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal

STRATEGIES AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORT LOKO CITY

To create a framework for long-term, sustainable solid waste management, this paper examines the Port Loko municipalitys solid waste management plan and public involvement. It sets out: to examine the waste management tactics employed by the Port Loko City Council; to evaluate the methods used for solid waste management transportation; to investigate whether dustbins are available for collecting solid waste throughout the city; to determine whether land fill is available; to evaluate the degree of public involvement in the procedures related to solid waste management; to create a framework for long-term, sustainable solid waste management. The primary means of addressing the objectives was by means of semi-structured interviews and discussions with diverse stakeholders and members of the municipalitys community. The current solid waste management system was examined in the study, along with input from the general public, to determine its advantages and disadvantages. It was found that Port Loko Citys current solid waste management system is not sustainable. The separation of waste is not provided for. Waste is not being collected or transported in an appropriate or sufficient manner. Officially, recycling and composting of waste are not permitted. People are not involved in the decision-making process regarding solid waste because the majority of the waste is disposed of in open landfills. Additionally, the study examined the recently suggested solid waste management system. It was discovered that the recently suggested system, which includes a framework for a two-stream waste segregation system, is superior to the current system. The current waste collection and transportation system is not as good as the proposed one. A key component of the plan is the composting of biodegradable waste. But to create a solid waste management system that is sustainable, important issues were left out of the proposed system

Solid Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health

The paper titled "Solid Waste Management for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health" provides a comprehensive exploration of strategies for the industry to embrace environmentally sustainable practices while safeguarding human health. The foundation is laid through a meticulous assessment of the industry's waste landscape, followed by the establishment of principles grounded in the 3R approach, circular economy integration, and life cycle thinking. The model emphasizes the adoption of advanced technologies, such as efficient recycling and innovative waste-to-energy solutions, along with compliance with stringent policies and regulations. Recognizing the pivotal role of community engagement, the model encourages industry collaboration with local communities, proactive education initiatives, and transparent reporting. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, including key performance indicators and regular audits, ensure the effectiveness of waste management initiatives.
 Moreover, the model underscores the importance of innovation and future-readiness, calling for industry investment in research and development to address emerging challenges. Corporate social responsibility is seamlessly integrated, extending sustainable practices to the supply chain and fostering community investments. The model embraces a philosophy of continuous improvement and adaptation, urging industry players to solicit feedback, learn from mistakes, and remain agile in the face of evolving environmental and social landscapes. By incorporating these elements, the model provides a holistic framework for industry-wide adoption, fostering a paradigm shift towards sustainable solid waste management practices that prioritize both environmental well-being and human health.

Good Environmental Governance Roles in Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Indonesia: A Review

Indonesia is an archipelagic country consisting of more than 17,500 islands. Urbanization and community agglomeration in urban areas in Indonesia are increasing the complexity of solid waste management in Indonesia. The old paradigm of 'collect-transport-disposal' waste management still occurs frequently in cities in Indonesia. This research is designed to be a systematic qualitative review. The relationships between good environmental governance and sustainable solid waste management are synthesized from a perspective of current conditions in Indonesia. The solution to sustainable waste management is generally carried out through well-organized waste management in an integrated manner from upstream to downstream with a 'cradle-to-grave' mindset, including the impacts that may arise therein. Implementing sustainable solid waste management requires commitment and support from all aspects of stakeholders. Good environmental governance is a comprehensive, dynamic, and complex concept that attempts to improve environmental conditions while promoting sustainable solid waste management. The results show that good environmental governance is very influential for sustainable solid waste management, but it still needs to be implemented optimally in Indonesia. Integration and synchronization of policies between the central government and local government must be further improved to implement good environmental governance.

REDISCOVER PARADISE: ELEVATING BALI’S MARINE TOURISM THROUGH SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SSWM)

As a global tourist destination, Bali’s marine ecosystem holds significant value for the leisure industry. However, along with the enormous growth of the industry, the island also faces an imminent waste crisis. As of 2022, 1,085,507 metric tonnes of waste are produced by the island, which 18% of it or 190,726 metric tonnes of waste left unmanaged. Coupled with monsoon and wet season weather that delivers trash ashore, effective waste management holds a pivotal role to preserve the marine ecosystem of the island and its tourism industry. By conducting a qualitative descriptive method, this research proposes sustainable solid waste management (SSWM) as an attempt to combat the waste crisis on the island. This research aims to depict the feasibility – cost, and benefit – of implementing the SSWM. The findings of this research conclude that the implementation of SSWM will benefit the marine ecosystem and further sustain tourism in Bali.

Existing household solid waste source separation practices and their contribution towards sustainable solid waste management: The case of Kisumu City, Kenya

Sustainable solid waste management is a global concern. An effective measure to improve the waste management levels and convert household solid waste into useful materials is to conduct source separation instead of just collecting and burning or burying it. This study adopted a descriptive survey design to determine the current household solid waste source separation practices and how they contribute towards sustainable solid waste management in Kisumu City of Kisumu County, Kenya. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, structured interviews and checklists, while secondary data was acquired through a document review of relevant literature. The data was descriptively analysed on SPSS program. The study found that 80 percent of the respondents believed that household waste separation was possible (mean = 1.26; standard deviation = 0.439). About 62 percent of respondents practiced waste separation before disposal, particularly for food waste, recyclables, and plastics (mean = 2.72; standard deviation = 1.387). About 96 in every 100 respondents believed that separation of household solid waste could enhance hygiene at home (mean = 1.04; standard deviation = 0.202). A significant note was that about 70 percent of the respondents indicated attempting to sensitize their household members on the importance of separation of household solid wastes (mean = 1.30; standard deviation = 0.458). The study recommends the development and implementation of comprehensive public awareness and education initiatives to promote residents' household solid waste source separation behaviour. Such a practice would positively impact on the environment and bring along with it economic advantages of income generation through sale of recyclable materials.