Global Sustainable Development Research Articles

Computational diplomacy: how ‘hackathons for good’ feed a participatory future for multilateralism in the digital age

This article explores the role of hackathons for good in building a community of software and hardware developers focused on addressing global sustainable development goal (SDG) challenges. We theorize this movement as computational diplomacy: a decentralized, participatory process for digital governance that leverages collective intelligence to tackle major global issues. Analysing Devpost and GitHub data reveals that 30% of hackathons since 2010 have addressed SDG topics, employing diverse technologies to create innovative solutions. Hackathons serve as crucial kairos moments, sparking innovation bursts that drive both immediate project outcomes and long-term production. We propose that these events harness the neurobiological basis of human cooperation and empathy, fostering a collective sense of purpose and reducing interpersonal prejudice. This bottom–up approach to digital governance integrates software development, human collective intelligence and collective action, creating a dynamic model for transformative change. By leveraging kairos moments, computational diplomacy promotes a more inclusive and effective model for digital multilateral governance of the future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance’.

A Data-Driven Analysis of Electric Vehicle Adoption Barriers in the Philippines: Combining SEM and ANNs

As the world progresses into the peak of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the adoption of smart and sustainable technologies, including electric vehicles (EVs), has gained significant momentum. However, the widespread acceptance of EVs is hindered by several unresolved barriers. This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of electric vehicles in the Philippines, focusing on key barriers through an integrated approach using machine learning and structural equation modeling (SEM). Specifically, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and SEM are employed to analyze data from online surveys and the existing literature, identifying the critical obstacles that impact consumer acceptance. The findings reveal that the availability of charging stations, range anxiety, and vehicle costs are the primary deterrents to EV adoption. By incorporating a sustainability perspective, this study underscores the crucial role of electric vehicles in reducing environmental impacts and achieving carbon reduction targets. The hybrid methodology presented offers new insights to guide policymakers in promoting electric vehicle usage, thereby contributing to the global sustainable development goals.

The Transformative Power of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of Quality Education

This study explored the transformative potential of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education (SDG4), emphasizing its interconnectedness with the other SDGs. A proprietary algorithm and cocitation network analysis were used to identify and analyze the network of SDG features in GAI research publications (n = 1501). By examining GAI’s implications for ten SDG4 targets, the findings advocate for a collaborative, ethical approach to integrating GAI, emphasizing policy and practice developments that ensure that technological advancements align with the overarching goals of SDG4. The results highlight the multifaceted impact of GAI on the SDGs. First, this paper outlines a framework that leverages GAI to enhance educational equity, quality, and lifelong learning opportunities. By highlighting the synergy between GAI and the SDGs, such as reducing inequalities (SDG10) and promoting gender equality (SDG5), this study underscores the need for an integrated approach to utilizing GAI. Moreover, it advocates for personalized learning, equitable technology access, adherence to ethical AI principles, and fostering global citizenship, proposing a strategic alignment of GAI applications with the broader SDG agenda. Next, the results highlight that GAI introduces significant challenges, including ethical concerns, data privacy, and the risk of exacerbating the digital divide. Overall, our findings underscore the critical role of policy reforms and innovative practices in navigating the challenges and harnessing the opportunities presented by GAI in education, thereby contributing to a comprehensive discourse on technology’s role in advancing global education and sustainable development.

Analyzing negative differential resistance and capacitive effects in SiOx-based resistive switching devices for security applications

In this work, we analyze the negative differential resistance and capacitive effects in SiOx-based resistive switching devices. The cause of the negative differential effect has been investigated through the study of the switching mechanism in the devices. It has been observed that there is a combination of trap-controlled space charge limited conduction and trap-assisted Poole-Frenkel effect in the devices. Trapping and de-trapping of injected electrons in the defects within the silica structure causes the negative differential resistance effect. This characteristic feature can be employed to design chaotic circuits for security applications. In addition, the high electric field developed in the device compared to the applied field during the change of bias voltage from ±5V–0V, results in a capacitor discharge-like effect. This work will be a step forward in achieving the global Sustainable Development Goal of Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions (SDG 16).

Antimicrobial stewardship in sub-Saharan African community pharmacies: a systematic review of community pharmacists’ knowledge, practice and challenges faced

Abstract Introduction The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) as one of the global sustainable development interventions to tackle AMR. Implementation of AMS interventions have been documented to be successful in high-income countries 1, however, there is paucity of data regarding the implementation and effectiveness of AMS in low-income settings including sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Community pharmacies in the SSA play a critical role in the dispensing of medicines, including antibiotics. Aim To evaluate community pharmacists' knowledge, practice, and challenges faced in relation to AMS in SSA community pharmacies. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework guided the review. We searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Google Scholar, African Journal Online and Wiley Online library) from January 2010 to December 2022. Reference lists of included articles were screened for additional studies. Studies published in English that described AMS interventions, antibiotic dispensing practices, community pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions of AMS/AMR were included. Literature reviews and systematic reviews were excluded. AMS in hospital pharmacy and animal studies were also excluded. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full texts according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was employed to assess the quality of the included studies2. Data were extracted using a standardised form in Microsoft excel and double checked for accuracy. Data were synthesised using narrative synthesis. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023381320). The study did not require ethical approval because it did not involve conducting primary or secondary research involving human participants. Results The review identified 1972 articles, of which 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies varied in settings, design, and data collection methods. Two broad categories were identified from the narrative synthesis. (1) Community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, perception, and dispensing practices (n=20). Studies reported that community pharmacists displayed an understanding of how antibiotics work. They also acknowledged threats posed by AMR. Some studies reported misconceptions on clear guidelines about the practical implementation of AMS, other studies described good adherence to antibiotic dispensing practices, including taking medication histories, assessing symptoms, advising on completion of antibiotic courses and making referrals. One study described the perception of community pharmacists of AMS as crucial for improving patient care. (2). Determinants of non-prescription antibiotic sales (n=3). The studies explored factors influencing the sale of antibiotics without prescription. Studies identified pharmacy owners’ expectations (profitability) and lack of public awareness regarding the risks of non-prescription antibiotic use as contributing factors. Limited patient access to doctors and low economic status in SSA were also cited as determinants. Conclusions Community pharmacists have knowledge of antibiotics, and they also acknowledged the importance of AMS. There were also positive dispensing practices despite existing challenges regarding implementation of AMS and sales of antibiotics without prescription. Further research should prioritize well-designed studies that evaluate the effectiveness of AMS in this setting and address the challenges identified. Heterogeneity of study methods limits the generalisability of findings.

Research on Changes in International Energy Trade Pattern under the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

The impact of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine on world energy markets has received great attention. Some researchers have found that the Russia-Ukraine conflict has caused an energy crisis to a certain extent. However, there is a lack of overview of the changes in the trade pattern and the scope of its impact. Therefore, through a comprehensive analysis of changes in policies and economic data, this study analyzes the different response measures taken by countries in different regions such as Europe and Asia to deal with the reduction in Russia's exports of major energy products and the fluctuations in international energy prices. This study also analyzes how the mutual sanctions between Russia and Western countries have contributed to the shift of Russia's energy export focus to the Asia-Pacific region and the diversification of Western countries' energy supply. Research results show that energy trade is at risk of being affected by geopolitical factors such as regional conflicts and mutual sanctions. The Russia-Ukraine conflict has strengthened the attention of countries on energy security issues. The research also highlights the implications for future policies and actions, providing an understanding of emerging trends in the future. Economically, this study, based on past data, emphasizes the inevitability of the Russia-Ukraine conflict affecting energy fluctuations and affirms that the Russia-Ukraine conflict is conducive to global new energy transformation and sustainable development in the long term.

Higher education for sustainable development in the digital era: Mapping the bibliometric analysis

Modern higher education institutions in developed countries are becoming active agents of permanent societal changes. The aim of the study is to map the scientific landscape on the topic of higher education for sustainable development in the context of digitalization. In the research process, bibliometric analysis, an in-built Scopus instrument, and VOSviewer were used. The findings proved that the severe restrictions faced by universities during the COVID-19 pandemic became a powerful impulse to intensify the attention of scientists to the mentioned topic. Visualization maps of keywords and scientific publications showed the existing interdisciplinary nature and the main thematic directions of research on higher education for sustainable development in the digital era. They demonstrated a direct connection between the basic principles of the sustainable development concept, sustainable development goals, higher education, universities, digitization, and digital technologies. The largest number of works on the specified subject belong to scientists from China, Spain, the Czech Republic, Germany, and Ukraine. The study concluded that future publications in the analyzed field would cover the effectiveness of digital technologies in higher education, the development of competencies for the digital economy, inclusiveness, cybersecurity, as well as ethical aspects of the use of technologies to achieve the global sustainable development goals. AcknowledgmentThis analysis is carried out within the framework of the scientific project “Model of the Post-War Recovery of Border Universities of Ukraine in the Digitalization Era Under the Sustainable Development Concept” with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Order No 1190 dated 30.12.2022).

From curriculum to clinic: a qualitative study of junior doctors’ perceptions of global health and sustainable development

IntroductionThe role of global health and sustainable development in medical education is often debated. However, research regarding medical doctors’ views on the application of their global health knowledge in the...

Converting lignocellulosic biomass into valuable end products for decentralized energy solutions: A comprehensive overview

This review manuscript delves into lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as a sustainable energy source, addressing the global demand for renewable alternatives amidst increasing oil and gas consumption and solid waste production. LCB, consisting of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, is versatile for biochemical and thermochemical conversions like anaerobic digestion, fermentation, gasification, and pyrolysis. Recent advancements have led to a 25 % increase in bioethanol yields through alkali pre-treatment and optimized fermentation, a 20 % enhancement in microbial delignification efficiency, and a 35 % improvement in enzyme efficiency via nanobiotechnology. These innovations enhance biofuel production sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Decentralized energy systems utilizing locally produced biomass can reduce transmission losses and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 30 %, fostering community energy independence. These developments significantly contribute to global sustainability and socio-economic development by converting waste into valuable energy, promoting environmental stewardship, and supporting economic resilience. Furthermore, this review also discusses innovative strategies to address technological, economic, and environmental challenges and highlights the role of decentralized solutions in promoting sustainable energy production.

Does green financing promote outward FDI in enterprises? Evidence from China

In the context of sustainable development, green rules and standards have been incorporated into the international investment system. The specific advantages driving outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by emerging market enterprises have also undergone profound changes. Green financing plays an important role in promoting green transformation and may become a new type of competitive advantage driving OFDI by firms. Based on legitimacy theory, we explore the impact of green financing on OFDI by emerging market firms. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2021, we find that green financing significantly promotes corporate OFDI. Improving ESG levels, alleviating financing constraints and expanding production scale are the main channels. The positive effects of green financing on OFDI are more pronounced in heavily polluting industries, capital-intensive enterprises and state-owned enterprises. This study confirms the positive impact of green financing on OFDI earlier, and also provides useful inspiration and reference for emerging market countries to improve the green financial system and actively promote global green and sustainable development.

Regional digital infrastructure and carbon neutrality: A technology–structure–efficiency perspective

The synergistic development of digital transformation and carbon neutrality is a key path to global sustainable development. This study utilized the Broadband China pilot policy and a multi-period Difference-in-Differences (DID) design to comprehensively evaluate the impact of digital infrastructure on carbon neutrality using panel data from 291 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2021. The results indicate that regional digital infrastructure contributed to carbon neutralization innovation, carbon-intensive industry innovation, and carbon-emission efficiency in the pilot areas. This held true after analyzing the results with propensity score matching, coarsened exact matching, robust estimators, and instrumental variable regression. Specifically, the results of the mediation effect model indicate that digital infrastructure promotes the process of carbon neutrality through several mechanisms, including promoting the rationalization of industrial structure, promoting digital economic development, and inducing innovation in digital technology. In addition, cities with better economic development, lower resource dependence, and weaker environmental constraints have a greater carbon neutrality dividend effect from regional digital infrastructure. These findings indicate a need to optimize policies to unleash the dividends of digital infrastructure in carbon neutrality, which can drive technological, structural, and efficiency changes through digital empowerment. In addition, cities with heterogeneous endowments need to develop targeted measures.

Digital literacy and green consumption in rural households: the moderating effect of social participation

ABSTRACT Rural household consumption significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. Promoting green consumption among rural households is essential for achieving global sustainable development. By applying the cost signalling theory and the social affiliation hypothesis, our study, which utilized a panel dataset of 4179 rural households in China, found that digital literacy significantly enhances green consumption among rural households. The robustness of these findings is corroborated by instrumental variable method-based tests. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that social participation acts as a moderating factor, diminishing the impact of digital literacy on promoting green consumption in rural households. In contrast, environmental awareness does not exhibit a significant influence in this context. Research holds significant theoretical and practical importance in promoting green consumption among rural households.

Design analysis of a sustainable techno-economic hybrid renewable energy system: Application of solar and wind in Sigulu Island, Uganda

Sustainable energy is central to achieving the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in electrifying underserved communities. This study examines Sigulu Island, which lacks grid electricity and relies on costly, polluting diesel generators. On-site assessments revealed a daily load demand of 1,455.705 kWh. This study designed and analyzed a Sustainable Techno-economic Hybrid Renewable Energy System (STHRES) combining solar photovoltaics and wind turbines, with battery backup, to meet the island's energy needs. The research adopted both qualitative and quantitative methods, gathering atmospheric weather conditions specific to Sigulu Island. Solar panels and wind turbines were identified as the most viable options, with the system incorporating 677 units of 1 kW solar panels and 27 units of 1 kW wind turbines, generating 839.97 kW and 640.08 kW daily, respectively. Additionally, 527 Li-ion batteries were used to store approximately 1480.05 kW of surplus energy demand to manage fluctuations capable of sustaining the island for 8 hours during a total blackout. The initial installation costs are estimated at $90,393.04 for solar PV, $27,729.82 for wind turbines, $159,169.81 for batteries, and $92,407.00 for the inverter. The STHRES is projected to save $56,917.93 annually, covering 15.4 % of the installation costs compared to diesel operations. Moreover, this system will reduce Uganda's carbon footprint by 436,035.6 kgCO₂ annually, equivalent to a 0.01 % reduction in national emissions. The proposed system decreases the Net Present Cost (NPC) from $426,617.60 to $369,699.67 and the Cost of Energy (COE) from $32.12/kWh to $ 27.79/kWh. With a 9 % Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and a 3 % Return on Investment (ROI), STHRES has a payback period of 8.2 years, demonstrating its financial and environmental benefits for Sigulu Island.

Influence of Livelihood Capitals on Landscape Service Cognition and Behavioral Intentions in Rural Heritage Sites

Farmers’ livelihoods are critical for global sustainable development and the conservation and transmission of rural heritage. However, neglecting farmers’ livelihoods increases the risks to living heritage conservation. Therefore, it is essential to explore the impact of livelihood capital on farmers’ landscape services cognition and their behavioral intentions. Based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, this study examines the rural areas of Mulanbei irrigation district, which was recognized as a World Heritage Irrigation Structure in 2014, and uses a structural equation model to investigate the relationships between farmers’ livelihood capital, landscape services cognition and behavioral intentions. The study’s key findings include the following: (1) The levels of human capital (0.541), social capital (0.671), and cultural capital (0.645) are relatively high, while the levels of natural, physical, and financial capital are comparatively low. (2) There are significant differences in landscape service cognition and behavioral intentions among farmers of different livelihood strategies, with diversified livelihood farmers demonstrating the highest levels of both cognition and intentions, while subsidy-dependent farmers show the lowest levels. (3) Natural, cultural and financial capital play a crucial role in influencing farmers’ landscape services cognition and their behavioral intentions. Landscape service cognition mediates the relationship between livelihood capital and behavioral intentions. (4) To increase farmers’ willingness to protect and promote rural heritage, efforts should focus on enhancing natural, physical, and financial capital while fostering cultural capital to promote advocacy.

Adoption of clean energy cooking technologies in rural households: the role of women

Abstract Ensuring energy access for rural households is crucial for global sustainable development. Technologies like liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, and efficient cookers are touted as solutions, yet their adoption remains limited despite their potential health, economic, and environmental benefits. We conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies in developing countries, integrating contextual factors to explore gender and other determinants impacting rural energy transition. Our findings underscore socioeconomic status, social capital, environmental concerns, and gender dynamics as pivotal factors. Notably, women's involvement boosts adoption rates by 7.90 per cent, yet cultural barriers often sideline them from these processes. Thus, our recommendations stress addressing women's roles as energy technology users to foster inclusive energy transitions.

A New Approach to Measuring Institutional and Researcher Contributions to the SDGs: Combining Data from Elsevier SciVal and VOSviewer

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), established by the United Nations in 2015, are a comprehensive global framework that addresses social, economic, and environmental challenges through sustainable development. This study examines the role of universities, specifically focusing on the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang (UNIMMA), in contributing to the SDGs. The study utilized data from Elsevier’s SciVal to analyze the department’s contribution to the SDGs through scientific publications in the Scopus database. A total of 97 out of 156 articles published by nine researchers from the department were found to contribute to various SDGs, with a significant focus on Goals 7 (affordable and clean energy), 17 (partnerships for the goals), 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), and 12 (responsible consumption and production). The study highlights the department’s collaborative efforts and alignment with global sustainability goals. In addition, VOSviewer was used to map the research collaboration network within the department, revealing strong contributions to energy efficiency, sustainable technologies, and climate action. However, the department's research shows limited contribution to social SDGs such as poverty alleviation and gender equality. By mapping the university’s contributions to the SDGs, this study helps faculty members identify opportunities for targeted research collaborations, address gaps in SDG contributions, and enhance partnerships with researchers from other institutions, thus broadening the university’s impact on global sustainable development goals.

Study on the Quality of Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure of Alibaba Group

Abstract: This paper aims to study and analyze the quality of environmental accounting information disclosure of Alibaba Group, a leading global integrated business giant. Since its establishment in 1999, Alibaba has not only achieved tremendous success in the business field but also shown a positive attitude towards environmental protection and social responsibility. This study examines Alibaba's ESG reports to explore its practices and disclosures concerning environmental responsibility and sustainable development. Using content quality analysis, an evaluation system comprising adequacy, significance, and quantification dimensions was developed to systematically assess Alibaba's environmental accounting information disclosure. Results indicate that while there have been improvements in the adequacy and significance of the information disclosed, significant gaps remain in quantification. Based on the findings, this paper proposes several recommendations aimed at further enhancing the quality of Alibaba's environmental accounting information disclosure, thereby boosting corporate transparency and fulfilling social responsibilities to foster sustainable development. This research not only offers strategies for improving Alibaba Group's environmental accounting information disclosure but also provides practical guidance for other corporations in terms of environmental protection and social responsibility fulfillment. Through an in-depth analysis of the quality of environmental accounting information disclosure, this study hopes to encourage corporations to better recognize the importance of environmental responsibilities and adopt effective measures to jointly propel the global sustainable development process.

Foreign Experience of Using Electronic Commerce Systems in Joint Stock Companies

Joint-stock firms' worldwide e-commerce growth is crucial to national economies, and Uzbekistan's strategic emphasis on the digital economy is expected to spur significant expansion. The country's e-commerce participation is still mostly domestic, despite advantageous conditions like internet availability and government assistance. This highlights a substantial knowledge gap in utilizing overseas markets. This study investigated international e-commerce models and their implementation in Uzbekistan using both theoretical and empirical approaches. The findings imply that although e-commerce infrastructure is growing, progress is being hindered by infrastructural and regulatory issues. Through improved digital trade, addressing these problems could promote global competitiveness and support sustainable economic development, both of which are in line with the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" vision.

Multidimensional spatial inequality in China and its relationship with economic growth

Spatial inequality erodes social cohesion and political stability, impacting global sustainable development and human well-being. This study examines spatial inequality in China across economic, social, environmental, infrastructural, and innovation dimensions, exploring how these inequalities evolve with economic development. Drawing on the Sustainable Development Goals and Chinese planning goals, we selected 13 indicators pertinent to human well-being. We employed the population-weighted coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, and Moran’s I to assess spatial inequalities and analyzed their relationship with economic growth. The findings reveal that China currently exhibits the highest spatial inequality in innovation and the lowest in the social dimension. Since 1990, most indicators have trended towards decreasing spatial inequality, except for unemployment rates and carbon emissions, which have increased. The economic and innovation gap between the eastern coastal regions and the central and western regions has widened, whereas disparities in housing, healthcare, roads, and digitalization have narrowed. China’s experience demonstrates that Williamson’s inverted U-shaped hypothesis extends beyond the economic domain to encompass education, healthcare, infrastructure, and digitalization, providing policy insights for addressing regional inequalities in China in the post-pandemic era.

Sustainable development awareness and integration in higher education: a comparative analysis of universities in Central Asia, South Caucasus and the EU

Education for sustainable development in universities is shaping the agenda in this area, demanding continuous improvement in quality. There is a trend towards integrating sustainability issues and the implementation of sustainable development goals into higher education. Universities responsible for educating SD professionals must teach knowledge and develop skills in line with the SDGs. However, there is insufficient attention to this in educational programs; more often it is implemented through disparate initiatives. The article presents research conducted in universities in the countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan), South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia) and the European Union (Italy, Bulgaria, Poland). The awareness of students and teachers about the SDGs, the problems of implementing SD were assessed, and ways to solve these problems were analyzed. Countries were divided into clusters for comparative analysis. The results show that students generally have limited knowledge about the global sustainable development goals, while teachers have a higher level of awareness. The article examines the contribution of education to raising students' awareness in the countries studied and their attitudes towards integrating sustainability into the curriculum. The questionnaire showed that the educational intervention significantly influences students’ intention to engage in sustainability. Overall, students demonstrate positive attitudes towards incorporating sustainability issues into their education. The results of a study conducted in higher education institutions in Central Asia, South Caucasus and the European Union showed that students are generally unaware of the sustainable development goals, their information received through the Internet, media and university studies is insignificant, while teachers are better informed. Students and teachers expressed the greatest concern about environmental, social and economic problems. At the same time, students of engineering, technical and medical fields are more informed about the SDGs compared to pedagogical and socio-humanitarian fields. To increase awareness, universities are encouraged to integrate sustainability education into various disciplines, conduct seminars, round tables, promote student participation in projects and research, and promote international cooperation and knowledge sharing.