Sustainable Development Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Influence of methods of agricultural use of organic soils on leaching biogenic substances into drained waters

The purpose of the work is the environmental protection and effective use of drained organic soils of the humid zone in river valleys, which is connected with the development and using the system of sustainable development of agricultural sector, the object of which is the soil, as well as the processes that take place with its participation, especially the degradation of peat soil, leaching of various chemicals into groundwater, which were used in the technologies of growing agricultural crops. In these soils, there is a change in water-air, thermal, nutritional regimes and biological processes, which, due to unreasonable methods of soil use, leads to pollution of river waters, which negatively affect the ecology of the environment in general. The research results showed that the most leached from the soil, regardless of the doses and types of application of mineral fertilizers and weather conditions by year, were the compounds Ca (82–265 mg/l), Mg (33.9–126.0 mg/l), Na (22.1–48.2 mg/l of drainage water), and the lowest — nitrate nitrogen (2.1–29.5 mg/l) and phosphorus (0.4–2.0 mg/l of drainage water). Such dependence is associated with intensive consumption of mobile nitrogen and phosphorus by plants. A lot of Na was leached from the soil (21.2–65.0 mg/l of drainage water). This is due to the significant salt content in the soil, which is considered slightly saline. The most compounds of Ca, Mg, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen are washed out under grasses in spring, and under annual crops in autumn. Leaching mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium regardless of the type of crop used, and most of them were washed out under grasses and annual crops in autumn; moreover, the amount of washed substances is consistent with the application rate. It was established that the content of almost all biogenic substances in the canals of various purposes did not exceed the MPC for fish farms, based on the use of the content of Mg compounds (MPC — 40 mg/l of water), which in the channels of the floodplain of the Supii River reached 91–126 mg/l of water. At the same time, the introduction of magnesium chemicals in the technological process of growing agricultural crops was not carried out, apparently, its compounds were found in the vivianite layers of the organic soil. The main measures for environmental protection agricultural use of drained organic soils are proposed in accordance with scientifically based methods of their use in the conditions of the humid zone of the Forest-Steppe and Polissia, which will make it possible to regulate and control the ingress of biogenic substances into drainage and river waters.

Ensuring food security: topical aspects

The goal is to identify the problems of ensuring the country's food security, structuring its elements. Methods – the work uses a systematic approach to data selection, methods of quantitative and qualitative research, principles of economic, statistical and comparative analysis. Results – the authors analyzed the industries and production involved in saturating the market with high-quality food products. It is shown that the key segments are rational consumption rates, food security, their physical and economic accessibility for all population groups, and potential growth opportunities. The levels of sustainable development of agricultural sector are considered in detail: state, regional from the position of the subject solving the food issue, main directions that form the food supply system of the state, importance of implementing its mechanisms is substantiated. In connection with the increase in the demand of domestic market for organic products, the need to intensify its cultivation is indicated. The expansion of the "bio" segment will contribute to the revitalization of rural areas, create competitive advantages. Conclusions – the priority is the implementation of a set of measures to increase the income of workers in this area, the development of social infrastructure for the livelihood of rural residents not below urban standards. Increasing investment in innovation requires effective, efficient public support for the introduction of highly productive animal breeds and lines and other modernization trends that promote intensification. The experience of economic policy that ensures high rates of expanded reproduction is available both in Kazakhstan and abroad. It is important to predict and prevent emerging threats and risks for the economy of the republic.

АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО КАЗАХСТАНА: ВОПРОСЫ ДИВЕРСИФИКАЦИИ КАК ПРИОРИТЕТНОГО НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ

As a result of agricultural reforms carried out in Kazakhstan, the legal and organizational forms of farms have changed, and a diversified economy has been formed. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the country's agro-industrial complex, to identify the main problems and prospects for the growth of agricultural production, to show the importance of diversification processes for the sustainable development of agricultural sector in the context of destabilization of the world economy. Methods – quantitative-qualitative and factor analysis, economic-statistical, abstract-logical conclusions. Results – the situation in AIC for 1990-2021 is analyzed in crop production and animal husbandry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dynamics of sown areas of main agricultural crops of enterprises, peasant (private) farms in recent years and 1990 shows that there have been changes in the structure of crops in the republic: expansion of the size of arable land for cultivation of wheat, vegetables, melons, root crops and reduction in forage grasses. A study of the livestock sector in Kazakhstan led to the conclusion that population nu mber of livestock and poultry did not reach the level of 1990. The data on redistribution of livestock by categories of farms are presented. The necessity of its increase for creation of large livestock complexes is substantiated. Conclusions – the authors note that at present, th e country's agricultural producers are facing a constant increase in costs. This leads to higher food prices. Diversification in market economy makes it possible to reduce the risks of unreasonably high costs and respond flexibly to imbalances between supp ly and demand, maintain production capacities, and ensure the growth of profits and profitability of agricultural producers. It is necessary to use i nnovative, resource-saving technologies, the integrated use of land resources, and solution of the problems of degraded pastures.

Rice growing in the Kyzylorda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: current trends and new opportunities

One of the strategic goals of economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the formation of export-oriented policy. The supply of agricultural raw materials and food to world markets form the basis for sustainable development of agricultural sector and allow us to assess the real possibilities of the industry. Currently, the country's rice growing is in conditions that do not ensure the growth of export potential. The mechanism of state regulation of agribusiness in the Kyzylorda region has not yet reached a level that meets modern requirements. The criterion for allocating subsidies to farms should not be the area of crops, but the yield of agricultural crops, which reflects economic interests of commodity producers. The goal is to analyze the current situation in rice-growing complex of the Kazakh Aral Sea region, to reveal the problems of production and sales of products, to analyze the effectiveness of state programs in this area. The authors note that production of environmentally friendly products will reduce their cost, improve quality without increasing material and labor costs. Methods – quantitative-qualitative and factor analysis, economic-statistical, abstract-logical conclusions. Results – it should be taken into account that rice cultivation areas should be concentrated only in specialized agricultural entities that have an equipped material and technical base, the possibility of introducing innovations and increasing export potential, complete processing of foo d products, mastering rice-alfalfa crop rotations. Conclusions – in order to effectively transfer the latest technologies, it is necessary to expand rice tracts, effectively conduct agro-industrial production, determine the region's resources for export, concentrate rice fields in specialized peasant (private) farms, and effective system of innovative activity based on the balance of its tools and levers. Priority should be given to compr ehensive reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing irrigation systems with simultaneous consideration of differentiated tariffs for irrigation water.

Digitalization of agro-industrial production in the Republic of Kazakhstan:risks and ways to overcome them

The goal is to reveal the need to account the potential risks of digitalization for the sustainable development of agricultural sector. Methods - economic-statistical, analytical, evaluation and comparison. Results – the directions of using digital technologies implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan in agro-industrial complex of the country are considered. The risks accompanying digital processes and their impact on the competitiveness of agro-industrial production are identified. The importance of improving methods of public administration and self-government based on the involvement of business entities in this movement is shown. The role of the use of information and communication systems that consolidate the state, business and society in the context of global socio-political and economic transformations is emphasized. Arguments about digital impact on ensuring the transparency of allocation and spending budget funds are presented. The demand for expanding the use of the Qoldau Digital application platform to increase digital participation and literacy of agricultural producers, online programs for selling and buying goods and services via the Internet (marketplace) is justified. Conclusions - currently, certain elements of digitalization, which are common in international practice, are being applied in the republic. There is an opportunity to more actively use the Qoldau application of the "Fund for Financial Support of Agriculture". Measures to create a digital environment in AIC, including costs of the national project "Technological breakthrough through digitalization, science and education", are insufficient and require the development of a concept for digital transformation of agro-industrial complex, covering households as a key factor on the way to innovative society. The effectiveness of digital economy can be achieved by providing information activities, learning based on real cases with the involvement of practitioners and subsequent support.

Advancements in solar technologies for sustainable development of agricultural sector in India: a comprehensive review on challenges and opportunities.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of people in India. The majority of the population in India is dependent (directly or indirectly) on agriculture as an occupation. The agriculture sector requires more freshwater and power for better yield in the current scenario. Nevertheless, the ever-increasing rate of energy consumption, limited fossil fuels, and rising pollution have made the expansion of renewable resources essential. Due to the suitable solar potential available in India, the deployment of solar energy has been more as compared to other renewable resources. The current study aims to discuss the various technologies, initiatives and policies of solar energy usage in agriculture. This work delivers an assessment of the advancement of solar energy vis-à-vis agricultural applications through the greenhouse concept and photovoltaic approach in India. Various agricultural applications of solar energy, such as solar water desalination system, solar water pumping system, solar crop dryer system for food safety, etc. are discussed as a means to promote solar-based technology. It also highlights the scenario of solar energy in India with important accomplishments, developmental approaches, and future potential. In-depth studies of various policies and government initiatives including those in research and development are also discussed. The current survey on solar technologies will be an aid to agribusiness frameworks to comprehend the statuses, obstructions, and extent of advancement. Finally, some future recommendations for further developments in this approach are discussed. This work sheds light on varied areas of solar energy-assisted agricultural systems as a potentially sustainable and eco-friendly pathway.

Application of Nanotechnology and Nano Materials in Agriculture

Modern nanotechnology began in late twentieth century in 1981. This technology involves the understanding, control of matter as well as manipulation of substances at the nano-meter-scale. Nowadays nanotechnology is being used in many fields. It includes agriculture, modern branches of science, various industries, astrology, biotechnology etc. Even in agriculture, there is a lack of nanotechnology for many things. They are taking precautions to ensure that they do not adversely affect the environment by using nanomaterials as a supplement to agriculture for mass production. The target of application of nanomaterials is to perform Precision farming for mass yield and sustainable development in agriculture sector. Precision is new method of agriculture which concept of inputs of fertilizer, pesticides and crop protection to match the variation to growing conditions with field. Nanotechnology is used for various management, applications such as agrochemicals, waste management, target genetic engineering, labeling and imaging, plant growth and germination, DNA sequencing, microarray, sensing disease, nano-barcodes, controlling the quality and products, water management and many others Fields. This review based on application of nanotechnology and nano materials in agriculture. To address the increasing challenges of sustainable production and food security, significant technological advancements and innovations have been made in recent years in the field of agriculture

Inovativni pristupi u razvoju agrara

Contemporary approaches and adoption of innovations in agriculture are very important drivers of productivity growth and achieving sustainable development of agricultural sector. At the same time, numerous internal and external factors additionally impose the need to introduce innovative approaches to agricultural production, which requires development models based on knowledge, quality standards, information and communication technologies, and other innovations acceptable in economic, environmental and wider social context. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the most current contemporary approaches and innovations in the development of agriculture is performed, in order to indicate which of these are the most common and successful in the world and why is it so. The results of the research indicate which contemporary approaches and innovations are most potentiated in agricultural practice, globally, with an accompanying analysis that explains the advantages and disadvantages of all these approaches and innovations in this area.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINANCIAL STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Abstract. The concept of sustainable development is the main global challenge of the XXI century. The adoption of sustainable development goals at the UN Summit in 2015 outlined key strategic and operational goals for the world community until 2030. The conceptual goals of sustainable development of economic and social systems declared at the international level require the state authorities of the world to implement national strategies and relevant development programs. The article outlines the features of the paradigm of sustainable development for the agricultural sector, which are due to the importance of balanced functioning of economic, environmental, social, innovation and investment and the system of foreign economic relations of the agro-food sector in the economic complex of Ukraine. The economic, ecological and social expediency of the development of the agro-industrial branch is outlined. The advantages of the financial strategy as a holistic system, strategic and operational goals of the transition to integrated economic, social and environmental development of the country by 2030, which provides sustainable economic development in the agricultural sector for productive regional development and requires a defined national and regional program of stable functioning of the agricultural sector. It is investigated that the key tasks of sustainable economic development of Ukraine's agricultural sector are a fundamentally new structural policy, building its own food potential, overcoming the energy crisis, forming an effective institutional policy in the system of public management of sustainable agricultural development in the regional dimension. The author's structural scheme of grouping of objects and factors of management of sustainable development of the agricultural sector is offered. The sequence of assessing the level of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the regional dimension is illustrated and determined in order to further the long-term implementation of the financial strategy of sustainable development at the national level. Keywords: strategy, financial strategy, sustainable development, sustainable economicdevelopment, agricultural sector.JEL Classification Q01, Q13, Q18Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 12.

Sustainable Development of Agricultural Sector: Democratic Profile Impact Among Developing Countries

The bullet point of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 is improving of countries food security through decreasing of hungry level and providing equal conditions for food to everyone. Besides, according to the findings the issues with hungry index could be solved through developing the agricultural sector corresponding of SDGs principals. The findings showed that the agricultural sector is start point of decreasing the hungry. The authors proved the type of the political regime had impact on the efficiency of achieving of SDGs and countries’ food security. The hypothesis of investigation was checking the relationship between political profile of the countries and level of sustainable development of the agricultural sector (ASI). The assessment of the relationship between average level of ASI and countries' democratic profile (democracy level of public relations) for 28 countries of Post-Soviet bloc proved the non-existence of differences between countries with authoritarian and transitional regimes opposed to other political regimes (imperfect and full democracy). The authors allocated three segments of countries: authoritarian and transitional regimes, imperfect democracy and full-fledged democracy. The findings proved the hypothesis that democracy level had a statistically significant impact on the average level of ASI. Using the bivariate and multivariate models the authors empirically proved that the democracy level increase by 1-point leads to the increase of the target index by 0.087 points for countries with authoritarian and transitional regimes (to which Ukraine belongs). Thus, the transition to a more democratic model of the political regime will partially offset the threats to food security.

A Mini Review of Palm Based Fertiliser Production in Malaysia

Malaysia is the second largest exporter of palm oil products (crude palm oil, etc.) after Indonesia. Along with oil palm processing, abundance of lignocellulosic palm biomass is produced annually. Currently, more than 85 % of the total biomass in Malaysia is derived from the oil palm industry. Inefficient management and disposal of such biomass might threaten the environment. On the contrary, wise utilisation of the biomass by applying ‘waste-to-wealth’ concept can strengthen the economy and sustainable development in agriculture sector. This paper reviews the progress, potential and technologies used to convert palm biomass into fertiliser in Malaysia. In overall, palm biomass exhibits great potential to be converted into fertiliser to substitute portion of the country’s fertiliser import fraction for efficient utilisation.

Analysis of crops cultivation trend: a shifting scenario in a coastal Wilayat, Oman

This study presents an analysis on situation of agriculture over recent years in the Wilayat of Al-Suwaiq (administrative unit) which is a part of Al-Batinah Region of Oman. Over the recent years, this area has undergone many changes in terms of increased demand for land and economic development. The aim of this study is to provide information on the situation of cultivation in agriculture with the help of agriculture census database of two different periods. A comparison analysis is carried out using database of years 2004–2005 and 2012–2013. Results of analysis showed that the cropped land holdings area decreased from 2972 ha in 2004 to 2724 ha (decrease of 248 ha) in 2013. Most of this reduction was in fruit trees and date palm which could be attributed to salinity of soils as well as water. Interestingly, vegetable crops area increased from 1139 to 6182 ha (increase of 5043 ha), and this could be attributed to greenhouse farming which generates considerable profits. However, the reduction in area of cultivation by date palms and fruit trees has been a major concern, and proper strategies should be developed toward achieving sustainable development in agriculture sector of Oman.

Food Security and Sustainable Development of Agricultural Sector in India

The increasing urbanization in India over time has resulted in deceleration or negative growth in productivity of land and resultant decline in availability of food-grains for the consuming population. The growing urban population with near stagnant productivity of food crops has raised several doubts about the food security of India in the years to come. Since the problems of food security and urban poverty are inter-correlated and have multi-faceted dimensions, the issues that are vital in addressing the significant levels of urban economic deprivation obviously revolve around provision of affordable food to the urban poor along with the creation of employment and educational opportunities, improved access to permanent shelter, sanitation facilities, safe drinking water and improved medical care for impoverished sections of the population, etc. It is difficult for policy makers to ill-afford complacency in dealing with urban poverty or more-of-the-same solutions. The future for India in terms of availability of food for rural and urban population is not very bright in view of the fact that the projected human demand for food will be higher than projected domestic demand for rice, wheat and pulses crops.

THE ROLE OF IPCC ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE

Recognizing the pressing global problem of climate change, the IPCC was formed in 1988 as an apex source to holistically address the issue. It strives to critically congregate best scientific, technical and socio-economic data on global climate change to produce various papers and reports which become standard works of reference (UNEP, 2004). IPCC has contributed extensively to unleash the mitigation potential from the perspective of agriculture, correlating it with climate change policy, environmental quality and ultimately, sustainable development (Working group II, 2007). Agriculture lands form 40- 50% of the earth’s land surface and contribute to 10-12% of the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this sector, by improved crop, soil, water, livestock and water management, the mitigation of climate change can be approached in a cost-effective way than other sectors. Hence this paper dwells into the significant role of IPCC to progress towards sustainable development in agriculture sector. It would discuss about how agriculture management activities would decrease GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration (Technical group V, 2002). In the warming world, precipitation is skewed, sea level is rising, glaciers are melting, acidic levels in oceans are rising and dissolved oxygen in sea water is declining (IPCC, 2014). Hence major river floods are likely, which is a threat to the food production. This paper would highlight the need to limit effects of climate change to achieve sustainable development as the focus, and would further discuss social equity and poverty eradication. It would explore adaptation and mitigation methods to enumerate short and long-term goals to combat climate change from reinvented livestock and crop systems, beneficial land use changes, improved fertilizers and advanced technological perspectives (IPCC, 1990). It would enforce the learnings from IPCC’s contributions enumerating how agriculture must have a high synergy with sustainable development to address global climate change.