Level Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Assessing the achievement of sustainable development in the Maghreb countries

Aim. Comparative analysis of the progress of achieving sustainable development by Maghreb countries (among them Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania) according to the indices developed by international organizations and scientific institutions, as well as ranking the countries according to the level of sustainable development in the region.Objectives. To analyze the regulatory framework governing sustainable development in the Maghreb countries; to assess the level of sustainable development of the countries under consideration according to international environmental, social and economic indices in 2018–2023; to apply a universal methodology for assessing sustainable development based on basic statistical data of each country; to identify common achievements and unique challenges faced by countries in the process of implementing sustainable development programs.Methods. The analysis is based on the comparison of statistical data, publications and reports of international organizations on the success of the implementation of sustainable development programs in the Maghreb countries. Comparative and analytical approaches to assessing the level of sustainable development were applied, and attention was paid to factors affecting successes and obstacles to achieving sustainable development.Results. Maghreb countries are at different levels of sustainable development. The article traces the differences in the countries’ strategies for implementing national sustainable development programs. The analysis of the level of sustainable development in Maghreb countries showed that Morocco has the highest position. Libya has the lowest level of sustainable development. The poverty rate in the region is decreasing, although in Libya, it remains high. Countries are showing progress in renewable energy development, with Morocco in particular implementing solar energy programs. Despite the successes, the countries face significant challenges. Inequality in access to resources and income, along with high unemployment, especially among youth, remains a pressing problem in the region. Political instability in Libya, non-cooperation between Morocco and Algeria hinder economic development and the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals.Conclusions. Regular monitoring of the level of sustainable development in the Maghreb countries, as well as timely adjustment of actions, serves as a necessary step to achieve prosperity and well-being in the region. Despite many challenges, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Mauritania have great potential for sustainable development. However, realizing the Aim. requires considerable effort, political will and effective cooperation, both within the region and internationally. It is necessary to continue to invest in development, strengthen regional cooperation and utilize innovative technologies to achieve a sustainable future.

Can female CEOs improve corporate environmental, social and governance performance?

Purpose In the context of the severe global challenges posed by climate and environmental issues, this paper aims to explore the connection between female Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and the level of sustainable development in companies. This study aims to investigate the impact of female CEOs on corporate ESG performance and provide a detailed analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sample of listed companies from 2010 to 2021, as reported by Bloomberg. This study uses logit regression models to test hypotheses and conduct robustness tests using the generalized method of moments, propensity score matching and heckman two statge tests. Findings The research findings indicate that female CEOs can enhance a company’s ESG performance, primarily by elevating the level of green innovation and engaging in more philanthropic activities. When environmental uncertainty is high, the risk-averse attitude of female CEOs may diminish the enhancement of ESG performance. However, granting a higher proportion of equity to female CEOs incentivizes risk-taking, thereby strengthening the improvement of ESG performance. Further analysis reveals that the impact of female CEOs on ESG performance is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises, high-pollution industries, and companies with low financing constraints. Research limitations/implications The authors have shown that two key ways in which female CEOs enhance a company’s ESG performance are by increasing the level of green innovation and assuming more social responsibility. Nonetheless, this remains a shortcoming of this work, opening a door for future research to examine and enrich. There may be other possible mechanisms explaining the influence of female CEOs on corporate ESG performance. More research is warranted about the CEO’s additional traits, which were not considered in this study but may have an impact on a company’s ESG performance. Finally, while the analysis has delved into the moderating effects of external factors such as environmental uncertainty and CEO ownership on the influence of female CEOs on corporate ESG performance, there is room for exploring whether other factors also play a moderating role in future studies. Practical implications First, the findings of this study highlight the beneficial societal and economic effects of choosing female CEOs. The inclination to take on social responsibility and care for the environment are both higher among female CEOs. Furthermore, the authors have also discovered that female CEOs possess unique advantages in promoting corporate sustainability and enhancing ESG standards. This can contribute to breaking down stereotypes about gender roles in the workplace. Finally, this research shows that organizational heterogeneity and market risks have an impact on female CEOs’ capacity to improve company ESG performance. Originality/value A significant innovation of this paper lies in its unique focus on the connection between female CEOs and corporate ESG performance, along with the underlying mechanisms. Against the backdrop of sustainable development, the paper integrates social gender theory, upper echelon theory and agency theory into a comprehensive framework, shedding light on the influence of female CEOs on ESG performance and the associated mechanisms.

Monitoring and assessing of sustainable development in the urban area of Ouagadougou based on SDG 11.3.1 indicator and the city biodiversity index

Urban growth can induce changes in the use and transformation of urban land. In the context of rapid urbanization, monitoring key indicators of sustainable development is essential. The aim of this study was to monitor and assess the level of sustainable development in the city of Ouagadougou between 2002 and 2022, based on global indicators such as Sustainable Development Goal 11.3.1 indicator and the Singapore City Biodiversity Index. A remote sensing and Geographic Information System approach was used to acquire and analyze open-source geospatial data. The results show an increasing inefficiency in land use, with excessive consumption to population growth until 2013. Between 2013 and 2022, this trend declined, but urban biodiversity nevertheless decreased significantly, with a 40% loss of natural areas between 2002 and 2022. Fragmentation of natural areas, due to infrastructure development, has amplified this degradation, posing ecological risks to the city. This study underlines the importance of strengthening the ecological connectivity of urban spaces to improve their sustainability and resilience. It also recommends reorienting urban strategies by integrating nature-based solutions and placing biodiversity preservation at the heart of sustainable urban development policies.

Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Ecological Sensitivity of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The increasing climate change and human activities exert their influence on the ecological sensitivity of the region individually and interactively. Therefore, a clear understanding of the impact of climate change and human activities on ecological sensitivity will enhance the resilience of the regional ecological environment and the level of sustainable development. This study took the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the first demonstration zone of China's ecological civilization construction, as the research object. Based on the meteorological, remote sensing, and statistical data of 130 cities in the whole region from 2001 to 2021, an index system of climate change, human activities, and ecological sensitivity was constructed. Response surface methodology （RSM） was used to explore the effects of climate and anthropogenic single factors and interactions on the ecological sensitivity in each region. The results showed that： ① The ecological sensitivity value of the belt fluctuated and rose in time, rising by 2.2% from 2001 to 2021. In terms of space, the overall spatial distribution was "high in the north and low in the south." In 2021, the proportion of severely and extremely sensitive cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt reached nearly 50%. ② For a single factor, the distribution of the effect of the same factor had certain characteristics： The areas where the single factors of economic development, rainfall, and temperature had a positive impact on the ecological sensitivity were concentrated in the areas with higher or faster economic development, along and south of the Yangtze River. For the interaction factors, the effect of 78.6% of the factors on the ecological sensitivity was negative interaction, and the change of one factor level would change the direction of the effect of the other factor on the regional sensitivity. ③ The comprehensive ecological management area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was divided based on the ecological sensitivity and climate sensitivity. The governance areas that needed priority improvement were clustered within the three urban agglomerations and their northern adjacent areas, which meant that the ecological sensitivity and climate sensitivity of a city had spillover effects. This study is expected to provide inspiration for the economic zone and even the national and global efforts in the field of regional ecological governance.

Research on the dynamic characteristics and improvement path of urban sustainable development level: Based on gravitational model and scenario simulation method

The rapid expansion of cities has brought new challenges to sustainable development (SD). Therefore, how to balance between SD and the economic growth has become the key to regional development. With the aim of enhancing the research system of SD level, founded on the deep research of SD level from a new perspective of “input-output” and the dynamic evolution law of SD level, this paper has explored the path for cities to improve their level of SD to achieve regional coordinated development. By virtue of the Super-efficiency Slack-Based Measure model based on unexpected output (unexpected super efficiency SBM model), it has measured the SD level of 21 cities in Sichuan from 2010 to 2019. Using methods such as equilibrium coefficient, obstacle analysis and gravitational model, this paper has studied the spatiotemporal evolution law of SD level and constructed six scenarios to simulate the future trend of SD level. The results have indicated that the level of SD in Sichuan is showing a gradual decline with significant constraints. The focus of SD in Sichuan is gradually shifting from Chengdu to a city cluster centered around Chengdu, Ziyang, and Meishan. In an ideal development scenario, the level of SD has significantly improved. This study has revealed the current status and potential of SD in Sichuan. In the future, with more concentration on the role of core urban agglomerations, Sichuan should adjust policies to address input–output barriers to promote SD throughout the province.

THE REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: THE ENVIRONMENTAL CAPITAL PERSPECTIVE

Introduction. Ukrainian agribusiness works in challenging conditions today, and the international community greatly supports it. The decision to grant Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession, adopted by the European Council in June 2022, and initiatives such as the provision of financial assistance under the Ukraine Facility program (June 2023) opened up new opportunities for the agricultural sector of Ukraine. The realization of these opportunities depends not only on Ukraine's ability to carry out reforms in the direction of European integration but also on the readiness of business entities to overcome the consequences of hostilities through recovery and reconstruction. Purpose. The article aims to provide scientific justification for the standardized forms of the Report on Sustainable Development and Investments (ESGI-report) in the agricultural sector of the economy for the preparation and publication of environmental capital indicators. Methods. The methods of induction and deduction, analysis, and synthesis formed the basis for developing environmental indicators for the ESGI report. The abstract-logical method became the basis for the study of the norms of European legislation and the leading systems for measuring sustainable development. The analogy method made it possible to propose indicative (reference) indicators for measuring sustainable development at the micro level. Results. The article systematizes the estimated and verifiable indicators of ecological capital. The first group includes risks and opportunities connected with climate change, the transition to sustainable technologies, and martial law. The second group comprises indicators that can be accurately measured with the help of calculators and technical means. They are related to the use of natural resources and the impact on the environment. To prepare the ESGI report, it is proposed that all materials posted on the Sustainable Reporting Platform (SR platform) be used: reporting forms, survey questionnaires, video recordings, as well as materials of webinars, presentations, and articles. The SR platform was developed within the framework of the MSCA4Ukraine program funded by the European Union. Conclusion. Attracting foreign investments for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine's agribusiness is impossible without preparing and disclosing non-financial information about environmental capital at the micro level. One of the tools for disclosing such information is the ESGI report, which is posted on the SR platform. It is advisable to publish environmental indicators in standardized reporting forms to ensure their comparability with the data of other enterprises. At the same time, to assess the level of sustainable development, it is necessary to apply scientifically based reference values, which are based on best practices, statistical data and the company's own experience.

Spatiotemporal evolution in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in 2000–2020

Assessing the sustainable development level of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) is of great significance for China’s sustainable development. With rich natural resources, a fragile ecological environment, and a relatively low level of economic development, the QTP is typical of regions in China where conflict between socio-economic development and environmental protection is prominent. However, there is a lack of assessment of spatiotemporal progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the QTP. To address this gap in knowledge, cluster analysis was used to quantitatively assess spatiotemporal changes in SDG indicators and sustainable development levels in different counties of the QTP from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the sustainable development level of the QTP is increasing; the growth rate of the sustainable development in 2010–2020 was three times that of 2000–2010. The level of sustainable development in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in the western region. However, while the level of sustainable environmental development is high, the levels of sustainable social and economic development remain low. Certain factors, including precipitation, slope, population density, and cultivated area, are strongly positively correlated with the sustainable development of the QTP. The findings of our study can serve as a valuable reference for other jurisdictions seeking to evaluate their evolution towards the SDGs.

A framework for achieving urban sustainable development goals (SDGs): Evaluation and interaction

Sustainable development is a complex system involving multiple dimensions of society, economy, resources and environment. It is of great significance to evaluate the sustainable development level and explore the interactions among sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the promotion of sustainability. In present study, a localized urban sustainable development evaluation framework was first proposed. Then, taking Shandong Province as an example, the spatiotemporal variations and goal evenness of sustainability were investigated. Finally, synergies and trade-offs between SDGs were revealed. The results showed that the sustainable development level has improved slightly from 2011 to 2020 in Shandong Province, exhibiting a dual-core pattern with Jinan and Qingdao. Shandong Province performed relatively well in SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), and SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities). The unevenness existed in sustainable development, indicating that the development process varied from one goal to another and there were obvious differences among cities for the same goal. Relatively weak synergies and trade-offs relationships were mainly observed between SDGs, and the interactions were in a changing state. Analyzing the sustainable development level from multiple perspectives and promoting multi-goal coordinated development are vital for achieving urban sustainable development.

Assessment of rural sustainable development and analysis and prediction of obstacles and coupled coordinated development: A case study of Zaozhuang City

In China, the Innovation Demonstration Zone for the National Sustainable Development Agenda is a key initiative for executing the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Zone also plays critical roles in addressing the developmental bottlenecks that China faces and sharing Chinese insights into global sustainable development efforts. On July 15, 2022, the State Council endorsed the Zone’s establishment in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, where it focuses on innovation-led sustainable development in rural areas. Research into the levels, impediments, interdependencies, and evolutionary trends of rural sustainable development is crucial. Therefore, this research aimed to assist in comprehensively assessing developmental challenges and facilitating the harmonious advancement of social, economic, and environmental aspects in rural areas. In pursuit of the three fundamental dimensions of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely development’s drivers, quality, and equity, this study was grounded in China’s national Rural Revitalization Strategy and the demands of sustainable development strategies. It also aligns with the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the associated SDG indicators. Focusing on four key areas, namely production elements, natural elements, social elements, and rural governance, this study developed an evaluation index system for assessing the level of rural sustainable development. It employed a range of analytical models, including the game theory-based combination empowerment method, barrier degree model, coupling degree model, coupling coordination degree model, and gray prediction GM(1,1) model, to analyze the status and evolving trends of rural sustainable development in Zaozhuang City from 2015 to 2022. The key findings were as follows: ① Relative to the baseline year 2015, the sustainable development level in Zaozhuang’s rural areas has shifted toward an improved state overall. ② The primary barrier to achieving rural sustainable development in Zaozhuang is the city’s rural governance system. ③ While the components of rural sustainable development in Zaozhuang are in the early stages of both basic and moderate coordination, an overall enhancement has occurred in their integrative coordination. ④ Between 2023 and 2025, the level of integrative coordination in Zaozhuang is expected to rise steadily. However, reaching a state of advanced coordination will require additional time for development.

Involving certain socio-demographic groups of the population in active entrepreneurship as a factor of sustainable regional economies

The article examines priority groups of the population (socially vulnerable, women entrepreneurs, young and social entrepreneurs) engaged in entrepreneurial activities, including through the conclusion of a social contract, as a factor of the sustainability of regional economies. The article is aimed at analysing the regional structure of these population groups and their support in individual subjects. The methodology of the study is based on the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison). The main results of the work have showed that supporting participation of the above-mentioned groups socially integrates them, stimulating economic growth, regional and national development. In addition, it increases the level of economic competitiveness, expands entrepreneurial opportunities, and creates a favourable climate for the successful functioning of market entities. The scope of application of the results obtained during the study is based on the possibility of using them while developing mechanisms for increasing the involvement of the considered priority population groups in order to achieve a given level of sustainability of regional economies, which also determines the prospects for further research on this problem. The dependence of the level of sustainable development of regional economies and their competitiveness on the level of involvement of these groups in entrepreneurship has been established.

What do medical students know about sustainable development?

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of sustainability consciousness (SC) and sustainable development (SD) awareness of medical students, as well as to identify the factors associated with them.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted among 1,435 medical students. The socio-demographic questionnaire and the sustainability consciousness questionnaire (SCQ-L) were the data collection instruments.FindingsA significant proportion of medical students had not heard of the concept of SD (63.6%), only 7.9% of the participants reported that they could define the SD concept. Female gender and good economic status were associated with significantly higher median SCQ-L total score (p = 0.001). Although all SD goals are closely related to health, almost half of the medical students reported no impact on SD. Besides, 47.8% of the medical students reported that physicians could have an active role in achieving SD.Social implicationsAs the realization of SD and health services are closely linked, it is important to examine the sustainability knowledge, attitude and behavior of health professionals.Originality/valueThis study examined the SD awareness and SC knowledge, attitude and behavior among medical students, the leading health-care professionals of the future.

Artificial intelligence and sustainable development during urbanization: Perspectives on AI R&D innovation, AI infrastructure, and AI market advantage

AbstractThis study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on sustainable development across 51 countries during urbanization. Using panel data, the study examines AI's effects on sustainable development through three dimensions: R&D innovation, infrastructure, and market advantage. The results demonstrate that AI promotes sustainable development, with AI R&D innovation exerting the strongest influence, followed by AI infrastructure, whereas AI market advantage has the smallest impact. Additionally, the study uncovers regional heterogeneity in AI's impacts. In countries with upper middle sustainable development levels (60%–70% quantiles), AI's promoting effect is the strongest. Moreover, urbanization plays a threshold role in the relationship between AI and sustainable development. When urbanization is below the threshold, AI infrastructure and R&D innovation promote sustainable development, whereas AI market advantage inhibit it. Conversely, when urbanization exceeds this threshold, AI infrastructure inhibits sustainable development, the impact of AI R&D innovation becomes insignificant, and AI market advantage begin to promote sustainable development. This study recommends governments should consider the level of urbanization and sustainable development when crafting sustainable development policies utilizing AI.

The Effect of Multilateral Economic Cooperation on Sustainable Natural Resource Development

The relationship between natural resource development and sustainable development has long been a focus in academia. In the context of a new global economic cooperation system, many scholars argue that such cooperation can lead to a “resource curse” effect in partner countries, hindering their sustainable development. This study analyzed panel data from 64 countries from 2008 to 2020, using the Belt and Road Initiative as a representative of multilateral economic cooperation (MEC) policies. The aim was to examine the actual impact of multilateral economic cooperation on the sustainable development levels of partner countries and to explore the underlying mechanisms influencing these outcomes. First, we measured and identified the sustainable development index (SDI) under natural resource development schemes and the “resource curse” effect in these countries. Then, we employed a double machine learning approach to evaluate the policy effects of MEC on sustainable resource development. We constructed an interactive double machine learning model to examine and validate the specific mechanisms of resource development effects. The results indicate that the level of sustainable resource development in MEC countries is relatively low, and a “resource curse” effect already exists. However, participating in MEC suppresses this “curse” effect. By promoting innovation cooperation, institutional improvement, structural optimization, trade openness, and pollution reduction, MEC effectively enhances the sustainable development levels of partner countries.

How the digital economy can contribute to green manufacturing efficiency

In response to the global call to promote green production and achieve sustainable development, the proper use of the digital economy plays an important role. The deepening development of the digital economy has led to changes in the input of manufacturing factors and the structure of product demand, which in turn has led to corresponding changes in the level of green and sustainable development. This study employs a factor input-output non-expectation SBM-DEM model to assess the green manufacturing efficiency of 273 prefecture-level and higher cities in China. The relationship between the digital economy and green manufacturing efficiency is analyzed based on this model. The rise of the digital economy is found to contribute to the increase in green manufacturing efficiency, albeit with a non-linear “inverted U-shaped” trend. At the same time, the current level of digital economy development is slowly improving but has not yet reached the inflection point of the “inverted U-shaped” curve, and digital economy development still has a positive impact on green manufacturing efficiency at the current level of development. Furthermore, government intervention is critical in moderating the inverted U-shaped link between the digital economy and green manufacturing efficiency, which has a major weakening effect.

The Impact of Land Transfer on Sustainable Agricultural Development from the Perspective of Green Total Factor Productivity

China’s agricultural sector is transitioning from extensive management to intensive management, and land transfer brings about changes in land use and management methods, which may encourage the agricultural sector to enter a sustainable development track, but this mechanism has not been effectively proven. Using the SBM-GML index to construct a green total factor productivity index to measure the level of sustainable agricultural development in each province (or autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government) and provincial panel data from 2010 to 2022, we applied a panel interactive fixed-effects model to empirically test the impact of land transfer on sustainable agricultural development, with a focus on analyzing the heterogeneity and related mechanisms of this impact. The results indicate that (1) land transfer significantly promotes sustainable agricultural development, and this conclusion still held true after robustness tests such as controlling for regional omitted variables, replacing dependent variables, changing the sample size, IV estimation, and GMM estimation. (2) The mechanism testing found that land transfer mainly promotes sustainable agricultural development by increasing the desirable output, and has no significant effect on reducing non-point source pollution. At the same time, land transfer mainly improves the desirable output through factor allocation effects rather than scale operation effects, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural development. (3) The heterogeneity analysis found that the higher the quantile of agricultural development level is, the weaker the role of land transfer in promoting sustainable agricultural development, indicating that land transfer has a greater impact on areas with poor agricultural development foundations, and areas with poor agricultural development foundations are more likely to obtain sustainable development space through land transfer. The impact of different land transfer methods and land transfer objects on sustainable agricultural development was heterogeneous. Compared with non-market transfer methods such as exchange and transfer, market-oriented transfer methods such as leasing and equity had a more significant impact on sustainable agricultural development. Compared to transferring land to ordinary farmers, transferring land to new business entities such as family farms, professional cooperatives, and enterprises can significantly promote sustainable agricultural development.

Compliance with the SDGS: Eco-Efficiency Index of Thedistrict Municipality of Pichanaqui, Province Ofchanchamayo - Peru

Objective: Determine the eco-efficiency index of the District Municipality of Pichanaqui from June to December 2023. Method: The methodology of the Ministry of Environment of 2016 was used to diagnose the eco-efficiency baseline, to determine the degree of importance of the eco-efficiency indexes, the Delphi survey was applied and the methodology to estimate the level of sustainable development of territories was used for the eco-efficiency index. Results: The eco-efficiency index result was 0.52, representing an unstable state of eco-efficiency. Contribution: It will help the municipality obtain greater value with a lower consumption of resources or raw materials for the production of goods or services they produce, in addition to mitigating the negative effects on the environment that directly or indirectly affect society.

Assessing the Sustainable Development Level of the Tourism Eco-Security System in the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration: A Comprehensive Analysis of Dynamic Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors

Based on the DPSIR framework, this study constructed an evaluation index system to assess the sustainable development levels of the tourism eco-security system (TESS-SDL) present in the Chengdu-–Chongqing urban agglomeration and synthesized multi-dimensional analysis methods to explore its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors to provide an important theoretical and practical basis for promoting the sustainable development of the regional tourism eco-security system. The results showed the following: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the regional TESS-SDL was generally at a medium level and showed a trend of steady growth. Although the gap between cities was widening year by year, the speed of the TESS-SDL exceeded the speed of the widening gap, promoting the coordinated development of the regional TESS-SDL. (2) The spatial spillover effect of the regional TESS-SDL was obvious; however, the siphoning effects of Chongqing and Chengdu were strong, and the demonstration effect was insufficient. (3) The dynamic evolution process of the TESS-SDL shows a strong self-locking effect. The risk of downward development (lower sustainability) is greater than the potential for upward development (higher sustainability) and is significantly influenced by neighboring cities. (4) In terms for assessing the driving factors, open-door and green-development policies show positive facilitating effects, while the positive influencing capacities of information technology, economic development, and tourism are moving toward having negative effects; the influencing effect of technological innovation has transitioned from positive to negative.

A comparative analysis of the level of sustainable development in Polish voivodeships in 2012 and 2021

A comparative analysis of the level of sustainable development in Polish voivodeships in 2012 and 2021

Challenges in the Amazon Forest: an Integrative Analysis of the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of the Environmental Crisis

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the challenges of the Amazon forest in a three-dimensional way, evaluating the social, environmental and economic aspects in the face of the environmental crisis and aiming at commitment to future generations. Theoretical Framework: The conceptualization of the environmental crisis and the study of the economic, social and environmental dimensions stand out as the basis of the research, providing an interesting foundation for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: Integrative, descriptive study with a qualitative approach anchored in a narrative review that allowed us to converge on interpretative understanding and results regarding the social, environmental and economic aspects of the environmental crisis that is plaguing the Amazon Forest. Results and Discussion: The need to implement effective public policies, sustainable practices and dialogue between public authorities, civil society, the private sector and the community in order to preserve and develop in a sustainable way. The community of Sarayaku stands out, an example of resilience amid deforestation in the Amazon. Research Implications: Reflections involving the adverse effects arising from the contrast between deforestation and economic development in the Amazon forest. Originality/Value: The importance of a collaborative and comprehensive approach is defended, to recognize and value the complexities and interconnections of the challenges faced by the Amazon region in order to achieve better levels of environmental preservation and sustainable development as paths to protect future generations.

Governance for Sustainable Development in Peruvian High Andean Communities: Mediation of Attitude

Objective: The objective was to determine how governance explains sustainable development, mediated by attitude, in high Andean communities in Peru. Theoretical Framework: Few theories help to measure the levels of sustainable development at the community level, with little literature and evidence existing. The studies suggest applying transdisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, incorporating uncertainty, adaptive governance processes. Method: Applying the quantitative approach, surveying 385 rural community members, with a 51-item Likert-type questionnaire. The results are presented in frequency tables, ordinal regression and simple mediation model in SPSS. Results and Discussion: The results for governance are perceived as high in 68.1% of cases, attitude to development at a medium level in 49.9% and sustainable development at a medium level by 80.3%. Governance explains 52.6% of sustainable development and 41.6% of attitude to development, and attitude to development explains 65.7% of sustainable development, all significant, values calculated with Nagelkerke's Pseudo R box. The mediating effect of attitude to development is 10.13% between governance and sustainable development. Research Implications: The research provides results that can be applied to the governance of rural communities, so that they achieve higher levels of development. Likewise, it allows investigators to continue deepening their understanding of sustainable development, a complex issue at the community level, as they are areas little addressed by the state. Originality/Value: It is a first work that measures the relationship of the three variables in communities, thus contributing to the sustainable development literature with empirical evidence for the implementation of development policies at the community level.