Sustainable Design Criteria Research Articles

ACHIEVING HUMAN NEEDSTHROUGH DESIGNING AN INTERIOR DESIGN RATING TOOL

This study's purpose is to increase interior designers' sustainable attitude through suggesting a strategy for an Interior Design Rating Tool designed for that purpose. Pearl Rating Tool of Estidama of Abu Dhabi is the first tailored to the Middle East region. Its aim is to create more sustainable communities, cities and global enterprises and to balance the four pillars of sustainability: environmental, economic, cultural and social. As sustainability in designing interior spaces is the same in importance as in designing and constructing buildings and designing communities; this study suggested a strategy for an Interior Design Pearl Rating Tool for Estidama. Ten sustainable interior design criteria are included with the most important strategies to be met so that the interior designer should be aware of the four pillars of sustainability it has to balance between. In addition, designers have to learn about the maximum credit score they can achieve through fulfilling human needs, wants and values in the built environment. This strategy is designed to be presented to designers before starting their project in order for their project to be rated.

Environmental efficiency of strengthening schemes for concrete beams with externally bonded fibre reinforced plastic composites

Externally bonded fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) is one of the most widely used methods in engineering practice to strengthen in-service reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Although some specifications, such as GB50367-2013 (China) and ACI440-2008 (U.S.A), have been issued to guide the design of strengthening schemes, few researches were conducted to evaluate environmental impacts of the strengthening schemes. This study aims to explore the environmental impact of FRP strengthened RC beam considering the structural safety and uncertainty, and to establish sustainable design criteria. Environmental impact and improvement of structural safety of two strengthening schemes designed according to the specifications of China (GB50367-2013) and U.S.A. (ACI440-2008) were evaluated by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and reliability method, respectively. An environmental-efficiency index was introduced by taking an increment of safety as a functional unit in the LCA method. Furthermore, the allowable environmental impact was assumed and uncertainties involved in the LCA method were considered. The exceedance probability, denoting the possibility that environmental impact of a design scheme exceeds a presumed allowable value, is presented and calculated. It can be found that the environmental-efficiency indices of two schemes are close to each other. Moreover, the exceedance probability depends on the allowable environmental impact, thus it should be determined cautiously.

Relative Importance Index of Sustainable Design and Construction Activities Criteria for Green Highway

Highway development and redevelopment inherently contributes to environmental impacts such as stimulation of urban sprawl, loss of open space, and noise and air pollution. Improvement to sustainable highway development is needed, as it will lead to green highway, minimal usage of fuel and greenhouse gas reduction. It is also necessary to have an indicator to reduce greenhouse gases during highway construction. The ideology of ‘green’ itself shows the connotation towards environment whenever the communities worldwide are concerned. The aim of this paper is to determine the relative importance index analysis in order to rank the criteria to their relative importance. Relative importance index analysis allows identifying most of the important criteria based on participants' replies and it is also an appropriate tool to prioritise indicators rated on Likert- type scales. 22 concessionaires with 140 respondents had been chosen to complete the questionnaires. The data had been analysed through formula of relative index analysis method from previous related studies. The finding showed that site maintenance was ranked first (RII = 0.836), warranty clause is provided in the contract specifications to incorporate construction quality was ranked second (RII = 0.830) and construction personnel training was ranked third (RII = 0.826). It was revealed that the site management which is responsible by the contractors and authorities is the most important factor towards promoting the concept of sustainable development and achieving green highway in Malaysia.

Buildings That Teach: Developing Sustainable Building Design Criteria

Buildings That Teach: Developing Sustainable Building Design Criteria

Designing a Shelter for Refugees in Light of Sustainability

The most important questions about the design of refugee's habitats are simple ones. Can architecture contribute to saving lives of refugees, and offering them enhanced quality of life, how can architects repower the new techniques of sustainability to offer suitable, affordable, smart, and practical, people-oriented places for refugees, and what characteristics should these places have? These questions will be answered through three case studies that demonstrate how sustainable design can be a key in solving the refugee crisis. Only by answering these questions can we take a step forward on the way to a new perspective by leading a better quality of life for refugees. Architecture can contribute to saving lives and enhancing quality of life. Fabrication and advancement in using computerized systems in building and construction could potentially tighten the gap between need and desire, leading humanity to develop the life of homeless, poor and unprivileged people. Nowadays, manmade conflicts have spread across countries. With waves of mass displacements as collateral damage the world has witnessed the displacement of millions of people across continents. Sustainable design solutions for refugee's habitats are the issue of this paper. It aims to examine a variety of developed sustainable design criteria to create a dynamic, zero-energy design, using local resources, which can adapt to the environment and human needs of refugees, and help designers create productive settlements and produce more humanitarian living environments. The study provides a set of recommendations to visualize both present and future needs of refugees to survive in new perspective of considering climate change and the lack of basic world resources; opening an extended horizon for sustainable architecture to respond positively to environmental disasters and react appropriately to sudden local and/or global risks.

Healthcare Building Sustainability Assessment tool - Sustainable Effective Design criteria in the Portuguese context

Tools and methods to improve current practices and quality in the healthcare building sector are necessary to support decision-making at different building life cycle phases. Furthermore, Healthcare Building Sustainability Assessment (HBSA) Methods are based on criteria organised into different levels, such as categories and indicators. These criteria highlight aspects of significant importance when designing and operating a sustainable healthcare building. To bring more objectivity to the sustainability assessments, the standardisation bodies (CEN and ISO) proposed core indicators that should be used in the evaluation of the environmental, societal and economic performances of buildings. Nevertheless, relying on state of the art analysis, it is possible to conclude that there are aspects of major importance for the operation of healthcare buildings that are not considered in the HBSA methods.Thus, the aim of this paper is to discuss the context of sustainability assessment methods in the field of healthcare buildings and to present a proposal for the incorporation of Sustainable-Effective Design (SED) criteria in a new HBSA method. The used research method is innovative since in the development of the list of sustainability criteria it considers the opinion of main healthcare buildings' stakeholders, the existing healthcare assessment methods and the ISO and CEN standardisation works in the field of the methods to assess the sustainability of construction works. As a result, the proposed method is composed of fifty-two sustainability indicators that cover the different dimensions of the sustainability concept to support decision making during the design of a new or retrofitted healthcare building in urban areas.

Evaluation of a School Building in Turkey According to the Basic Sustainable Design Criteria

In Turkey, as well as many other developing countries, the significance of sustainable education buildings has only recently become recognized and the issue of sustainability issue has not been sufficiently involved in laws and regulations. In this study, first of all architectural sustainability with basic design criteria has been explained. After that selected type primary school project in Turkey has been evaluated according to the sustainable design criteria. Type project of school buildings significantly limits the sustainability performance expected from buildings. It is clear that type projects shorten the planning time as they include a designing process that is independent of settlement and they are repeated in various places with different characteristics, indeed. On the other hand; abundance of disadvantages such as the overlook of the natural physical and structural properties of the location mostly restricts the sustainable design of the building. For sustainable buildings, several factors such as the environment, land, climate, insolation, direction etc. shall be taken into consideration at the beginning stage. Therefore; implementation of type projects can be deemed to be inappropriate for sustainability.

Zoning reform for advancing sustainability: insights from Denver’s form-based code

ABSTRACTMany municipalities are adopting form-based codes (FBCs) for advancing the sustainability of development and for facilitating sustainable design criteria that are difficult to achieve under conventional zoning codes (CZCs). The City of Denver recently adopted a citywide FBC. A case-study method was used to examine the extent to which Denver’s FBC differs from the CZC in integrating sustainable design criteria included in the LEED-ND rating system. The results indicate that Denver’s FBC addresses most LEED-ND criteria more strongly than does the CZC; however, some criteria deserve more attention. The paper concludes with recommendations for Denver’s FBC and for other municipalities that are considering zoning reform.

Establishing sustainable design and development for plastic mold under product service system

Face the energy recovery and environmental concerns and policy, the plastic molds design and develop have to focus on the issues of the lead-free, non-toxic, recyclable, re-manufactured, and integrate environmental protection and technology etc. Hence, this study adopts the product service system to integrate product and service to meet consumer demands. Furthermore, this system concept combines the procedures of design, manufacture, and distribution. This procedure of service supply will improve product life cycle for reduced environmental impact, satisfy the concepts of the reuse and remanufacturing of raw materials, reduce production waste, and further achieve the purpose of dematerialization. The purpose of this research is to construct the impact factors of the sustainable design and development of plastic molds on product service. This study integrates expert interviews and the literature review to list the principles of the sustainable design and development of plastic molds; the results of this study sum up 6 capital dimensions and 30 evaluation indicators, which are analyzed through the analytical hierarchy process, and add the plastic mold application process to provide complete products and services that improve the sustainable design, development process, and evaluation criteria of plastic molds.

Sustainable Urban Street Design: Evaluation of El-Moaz Street in Cairo, Egypt

Streets deserve respect, they shape the form of the city and how we move through it. They accommodate buildings, people, vehicles, utilities, vegetation, signage, street furniture and lighting. Streets make up the majority of the public realm in our towns and cities. There is a strong relationship between urban design and sustainability, which led to the development in the compact city and street. Sustainable streets can defined as multimodal rights of way designed and operated to create benefits relating to movement, ecology and community that together support a broad sustainability agenda embracing the three E's: environment, equity and economy, and implementing sustainable urban streets can create more livable communities.The aim of this paper is to identify an approach for applying sustainable design criteria for urban streets. By defining sustainability in a broader context a case will be made for enhancing the sustainability of urban streets. Considering and assessing sustainable principles will enable urban streets to function in a manner that is more beneficial to people, communities, the economy and the environment. Through these sustainable street design criteria, analyzing the development of El-Moaz Ldin Allah Elfatimy street in Cairo, Egypt. Hence, a comprehensive improvement of the streets is certainly needed to ensure a successful sustainable street design. The paper concludes some recommendations to develop the main components of sustainable streets that are derived from the theoretical study in order to well design a sustainable street for a liveable communities

Key Technologies for Sustainable Design Based on Patent Knowledge Mining

With the rapid development of global economy, sustainable problems have aroused widespread concern by all countries in the world. Sustainable design is a systematic design method to develop the sustainable products or form the solutions to sustainable problems to adapt the sustainable development. This article was a study of key technology for sustainable design through the patent knowledge mining, aiming to provide technical support and process model to the transformation from traditional products to sustainable products. On the one hand, sustainable design criteria for design goal, life cycle and design strategy are extracted and established through the patent knowledge mining and the product sustainable requirements. On the other hand, the laws of function organization and improvement are extracted by patent knowledge mining and dynamic analysis of function evolution. Then the process model of sustainable product function innovation was put forward by integrating sustainable design criteria, functional evolution laws and TRIZ into traditional function design. Finally, the buckle ring machine was taken as an example to validate the effectiveness of the model.

Evaluation of industrial design departments in Turkey in terms of sustainable design education

Environmental and social problems have globally reached a vital scale that threatens the existence of human communities and natural environment. "Sustainability" can be considered as an accepted proposal by human culture in means of solving these problems. Production-consumption processes are one of the main sources of these problems and in the center of these processes, industrial design has an important role. "Sustainable design" is the solution proposal for environmental and social problems. In this research, a method was proposed aiming to determine courses which include content about sustainable design in scope of determining the current situation of industrial design departments in Turkey. Method was applied within industrial design undergraduate curriculums of six universities' departments. Nine courses that offer sustainable design content were reached within six departments' curriculums. These courses were evaluated in means of content and method. Using this information, departments were classified in means of integration of sustainable design criteria into their undergraduate curriculum. It is evaluated that, this classification can be used as a method that provides a basis for strategy development efforts.

Methodology to calculate the carbon footprint of household land use in the urban planning stage

The growing concerns of climate change require implementing measures to quantify, to monitor and to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nonetheless, most of the measures available are not easy to define or execute because they rely on current emissions and have a corrective character. To address this issue, a methodology to characterize GHG emissions that allows implementing preventive measures is proposed in this paper. The methodology is related to household urban planning procedures and considers urban infrastructures to characterize GHG emissions and to execute preventive measures based on sustainability design criteria. The methodology has been tested by applying it to a set of medium-sized municipalities with average GHG emissions from 6,822.32 kgCO2eq/year to 5,913.79 kgCO2eq/year for every residential unit. The results indicate that the greatest pollutant source is transport, especially in the issuance of street network design, followed by gas and electricity consumption. The average undevelopable land area required for the complete GHG emissions capture amounts to 3.42m2 of undevelopable land for every m2 of urbanizable land and 9.02m2 of undevelopable land for every m2 of built land.

Urban planning and industry in Spain: A novel methodology for calculating industrial carbon footprints

In this paper we present a methodology for calculating the carbon footprint of the industrial sector during the urban planning stage in order to clearly develop and implement preventive measures. The methodology created focuses on industrial urban planning procedures and takes into account urban infrastructure in the characterization of GHG emissions. It allows for the implementation of preventive measures based on sustainability design criteria. The methodology was derived for specific industrial activity categories and was tested on a group of municipalities in a province south of Madrid, Spain. The results indicate that the average carbon footprint of industrial activities varies between 137.36kgCO2eq/m2e and 607.25kgCO2eq/m2e depending on the activity. Gas and electricity are the most important emissions sources for the most polluting industrial activities (chemical and nonmetal mineral products), while transportation is the most important source for every other activity. Municipalities can have a decisive influence on the industrial carbon footprint because, except for waste management and two industrial activities related to electricity, the majority of reductions can be achieved through urban planning decision variables.

Implementing Sustainability Criteria in Product Development

This work analyses the product development process of two different mechanical assemblies in order to put into practice redesign strategies that allow obtaining more sustainable products.The study of the manufacturing process has been focused on obtaining material and energy consumptions. Sustainable design criteria have been applied preserving the initial specifications of each product. A number of approaches as the material replacement, the reduction of the final product mass and an effective utilization of raw materials have been proposed. A reduction of the environmental impact, which was assessed trough global energy and global warming eco-indicators, has been achieved.

Screening of process alternatives based on sustainability metrics: comparison of two decision-making approaches

Importance of sustainability concerns demands consideration of sustainability design criteria in early stages of process design. Most often there are several alternatives for a particular process which must be compared in terms of sustainability metrics to select the most sustainable design. There are several tools available for evaluation of process alternatives in terms of sustainability concerns. However, there is a need for a screening method which enables engineers to compare and select several alternatives in terms of a multitude of metrics and also incorporate their preferences if required. This study utilizes a recently developed sustainability evaluator for process evaluation and compares overall impact factor method for process screening with a novel fuzzy-based approach. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated though application of the methodology on ibuprofen case study to select the most sustainable design.

Learning from Mardin and Cumalıkızık: Turkish Vernacular Architecture in the Context of Sustainability

The criterion of sustainable design today ranks among the most important factors influencing architectural design, and the contributions of sustainability to architectural design are steadily increasing in parallel with developments in technology and material science. Although sustainability seems to be a new concept, the subject, in reality, is not. Much of contemporary architecture depends on references to traditional architecture in its development, and there are many examples of sustainable architecture found in different parts of the world to which architects can refer. Turkey is one of these countries and it has a variety of traditional housing cultures that have developed with their own unique characteristics. This paper uses two examples that are very different from each other to investigate the traces of sustainable design criteria in Turkey’s traditional housing architecture. One of the investigated locations is in Cumalikizik, while the other is located in Mardin.

An Evaluation of Sustainable Design and Construction Criteria for Green Highway

Sustainability has been widely debated in the construction industry in recent years. Though various assessments have previously been developed to help improving sustainability of construction projects, those assessments seem missed the base network for cities and buildings which are highways. Therefore, there is the need to select variety of design and construction activities criteria for green highway and determine the weightage factor for every criterion in order to categorize which criteria that most contribute to the green practices based on the priority. The aim of this paper is to explain the determination of weightage for criteria of design and construction activities. The methodology processes begin with data collection by using questionnaires distribution to the expertise who involve in highway development and also green issues. There were 140 respondents had been chosen to fill in the questionnaires survey. The data had been analysed using SPSS with factors analysis method. Results from the analysis show the evaluation of the criteria base on the important criteria in design and construction action of green highway.

Sustainable Innovation Design for Buckle Ring Machine of Button Battery

With the rapid development of global economy, sustainable problems have aroused widespread concern by all countries in the world. The high level sustainable innovation methods are needed to solve sustainable problems effectively. Extraction process of sustainable design criteria based on patent knowledge mining is proposed, and the process model of for sustainable innovation is formed. Finally, the buckle ring machine is taken as an example to validate the effectiveness of the model.

A study on sustainable use of school sites at (primary) eco-schools in Istanbul

The sites of primary schools in particular are of great importance in terms of the opportunities they provide for students, such as getting fresh air, establishing relations with nature and external environments, and learning about nature through experience. In this context, the sustainable design criteria of school sites becomes an important factor. The Eco-Schools International Programme aims to introduce environmental management systems into primary schools within the scope of ISO 14001/EMAS. It has a crucial task of educating new generations and promoting sustainable development throughout the world. This study examines primary eco-schools located in Istanbul. A questionnaire-based survey was administered on the theme of school sites and the findings of the study were examined. Questionnaire findings were categorised under five main themes. According to the topics of the questionnaire study, eco-schools in Istanbul often exhibit a successful performance in terms of sustainable transport and parking areas (school bus, public transport), safety on school site (sufficient traffic signpost, 24-hour security), and sustainable properties of outdoor playgrounds, (natural and durable materials), but an inadequate performance in terms of use of school site as a learning and teaching tool (outdoor classrooms, composting), and energy efficient outdoor lighting (solar lighting, lighting sensor).