Sustainable Design Approach Research Articles

Esterases asemerging biocatalysts: Mechanistic insights, genomic and metagenomic, immobilization, and biotechnological applications.

Esterase enzymesare a family of hydrolases that catalyze the breakdown and formation of ester bonds. Esterases have gained a prominent position in today's world's industrial enzymes market. Due to their unique biocatalytic attributes, esterases contribute to environmentally sustainable design approaches, including biomass degradation, food and feed industry, dairy, clothing, agrochemical (herbicides, insecticides), bioremediation, biosensor development, anticancer, antitumor, gene therapy, and diagnostic purposes. Esterases can be isolated by a diverse range of mammalian tissues, animals, and microorganisms. The isolation of extremophilic esterases increases the interest of researchers in the extraction and utilization of these enzymes at the industrial level. Genomic, metagenomic, and immobilization techniques have opened innovative ways to extract esterases and utilize them for a longer time to take advantage of their beneficial activities. The current study discusses the types of esterases, metagenomic studies for exploring new esterases, and their biomedical applications in different industrial sectors.

Three-Dimensional Printing Fashion Product Design with Emotional Durability Based on Korean Aesthetics

Given the potentially significant environmental impacts of fashion design, various design approaches are required to extend product lifespan. Digital design methods may play an essential role in reducing the environmental impact of products and production processes. In addition, a design approach inspired by nature, where humans have long lived, is valid for sustainable design innovation. The purpose of this study is to examine the aesthetics of Koreans, who prefer nature, and to find a sustainable fashion design approach by using it as a knowledge database. In this study, a parametric design methodology that can reflect knowledge-based data in the process of producing 3D printing sustainable fashion products, considering the emotional durability of consumers, was used. The study results are as follows. From the aesthetic point of view of Korea, sustainable design characteristics represent unique Korean folk art, resilience to nature, and simplicity that resembles nature. The properties of the form represented to “forms resembling nature”, “changeable forms”, “organic forms”, and “minimal forms”. Materials were “nature inspired textures”, “rustic natural materials”, and “regional materials”. Colors were “the colors of nature” and “indigenous colors”. The parametric controls variables used for 3D printing the fashion products were size, assembly style, and sustainable material. These control parameters were used to create designs according to the individual taste of users. In the 3D printing fashion product design process, pieces were printed in different shapes and sizes by controlling the parameters to create designs according to users’ tastes and Korean aesthetics. It was determined that this process could extend the lifespan of products, and that it is possible to modify sustainable fashion products according to personal taste by adjusting numerical values and extracting visual images based on knowledge of art and culture.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN APPROACH FOR MOSQUE

As one of the prominent public spaces for the community, Mosque is considered one of the high energy consumption buildings. Many modern mosques are designed and built without respecting the contextual environment, resulting in a non-environmental friendly Mosque. In Malaysia, the operating cost of mosques is majorly relying on public funds, and statistically are high specifically for electricity usage. Due to the use of air conditioners in cooling down the huge prayer hall due to the non-environmental design consideration. Hence, it is crucial to justify sustainable design approaches in mosques to develop environmentally friendly mosques. On the other side, the environmentally friendly mosque design is important as one of the monumental Islamic symbols that shall manifest Islam's values and philosophies towards the benefits of 'Alam' (world). The main objective of this study is to analyze the principles of Islamic methods in attaining the attributes of sustainable mosque design. It systematically reviews the existing publications to discover the concepts, definitions, and issues regarding the sustainable design approach-es for Mosque. Based on the conducted reviews, sustainable design strategies for mosques are suggested at the end of this paper. The Mosque can use some renewable technologies to save energy and be concerned about the climate condition for its design. Furthermore, it can also use sustainable materials, use natural ventilation and daylighting to provide good indoor air quality and be concerned about the social life of Muslim's religious activities.

Sustainable Design Approach for Modeling Bioprocesses from Laboratory toward Commercialization: Optimizing Chitosan Production.

Enhancing the biochemical supply chain towards sustainable development requires more efforts to boost technology innovation at early design phases and avoid delays in industrial biotechnology growth. Such a transformation requires a comprehensive step-wise procedure to guide bioprocess development from laboratory protocols to commercialization. This study introduces a process design framework to guide research and development (R&D) through this journey, bearing in mind the particular challenges of bioprocess modeling. The method combines sustainability assessment and process optimization based on process efficiency indicators, technical indicators, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and process optimization via Water Regeneration Networks (WRN). Since many bioprocesses remain at low Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), the process simulation module was examined in detail to account for uncertainties, providing strategies for successful guidance. The sustainability assessment was performed using the geometric mean-based sustainability footprint metric. A case study based on Chitosan production from shrimp exoskeletons was evaluated to demonstrate the method’s applicability and its advantages in product optimization. An optimized scenario was generated through a WRN to improve water management, then compared with the case study. The results confirm the existence of a possible configuration with better sustainability performance for the optimized case with a sustainability footprint of 0.33, compared with the performance of the base case (1.00).

Biophilic Approach to Design for Children

Purpose In recent years, design approaches that offer sustainable solutions have been preferred widely. Although these sustainable design approaches provide solutions for physical context, they are not able to solve the problems on psychological side of this situation. These psychological problems have been observed both on adults and children. This research aims to examine the benefits of enabling children who spend their time in built environments to experience nature through Biophilic Design. Methodology 140 children between the ages of 3 and 5 from two different pre-school institutions participated in the study. Participation criteria were to be volunteer, a pre-school student, and accessible. The pictures drawn by the children in reply to the question ‘What is nature like?’ were analysed by using content analysis and cognitive mapping method. The data obtained from the study were analysed and the results were presented as median, mean values ​​± standard deviations (SD), numbers, and percentages. The compliance of the total score to normal distribution according to age and gender independent variables was examined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Non-parametric tests were used in the analysis, p<0.050 was considered statistically significant. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the teachers of the participants. Findings According to the age groups, the scores of the older age group were found to be significantly higher than the younger age group (p=0.000). When the relationship between total score and gender was examined, no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.074). Research Limitations/Implications In the study, even though the necessary permissions were obtained to carry out planned studies with preschool students, due to the prejudices of teachers and administrators, the work that was wanted to be carried out with children was made difficult in some cases. Originality Study originality; in the context of Biophilic Design, is owed to the age range of the chosen focus group, and with the help of this study, the emphasis on what biophilic design can add to the lives of children.

Can hospitals impact users’ experience? Application of an evaluation tool to enhance Design for All

Abstract Background Design for All (DfA) strategy addressing human diversity, social inclusion and equality, can have an impact on users' well-being in healthcare facilities. However, evaluation tools are needed to identify the extent to which DfA influences users' experience and service quality. This study explores the application of the Design for All A.U.D.I.T. (Assessment Usability Design & Inclusion Tool). Methods The tool's structure is based on a multicriteria framework that evaluate hospital areas through a rating system. The hierarchical framework includes three Categories of DfA outcomes (Physical-spatial quality; Sensorial-cognitive quality and Social quality) with related criteria, indicators and requirements. The tool has been applied in the evaluation of two private hospitals, one in Buffalo (US) and one in Milan (Italy). Results The analysis of findings addressed both spatial and DfA qualities. For spaces, Horizontal circulation had the best scores in both hospitals (76% Italy, 88% US). The Italian hospital Vertical circulation had the lowest score (46%), while in the Buffalo facility Outdoor spaces had the lowest scores. Regarding DfA qualities, the Italian hospital obtained the highest score in Environmental Factors (84%), due to a sustainable design approach, while Social Inclusion got the lowest score (54%). The Buffalo facility scored higher on Social Inclusion (87%) because it provides diverse services for users. Both the hospitals had problems with Wayfinding due to layout and signs, scoring low on this criterion (59% Italy, 39% US). Conclusions The analysis of the hospitals demonstrated that the tool can evaluate spaces and DfA outcomes along dimensions of health and well-being. The system can be used to identify critical aspects and suggest design strategies, defining priorities for interventions. Further research directions will consider applications in different hospitals to ensure the tool scalability and application to new building projects. Key messages The evaluation tool enhances Public Health by measuring hospital quality in terms of Design for All and user needs. The tool can be applied in the decision-making process during design and renovation of specific areas of hospitals to implement Inclusive Design.

Application of repurposing in design education within the framework of sustainable design approach

The development of the sustainability concept began primarily in the European continent. Its integration into lifestyles and with it, the increase of social awareness, were formed with the contributions of various NGOs. In this context, we see the contribution of integrating sustainable design principles into the academic program. The factors that are important in sustainable design such as lower usage of raw materials, environmentally friendly materials, convenience in production and assembly, energy consumption, and ease of recycling are conveyed to the students through various courses in the academic program. A case study was carried out to analyze the transfer of sustainable design principles to the education process and its implications. This research was carried out in three stages: creating a theoretical framework, fieldwork, and practical work with students who attended the Sustainable Design course. According to the results students create new designs before recycling waste products within the scope of repurposing concept. Keywords: Repurposing, sustainability, industrial design, education, application

Message from the editor in chief

Dear reader,
 It is with great pleasure that we present to you Volume 8, Issue 3 (2021) of the Selected Papers of 13th World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCES-2021), which took place between 04-06 February 2021, at the University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco. This publication aims to present the selected topics on educational sciences, which reflect the current situation of education around the globe.
 After a thorough review process, this publication selected topics from eight (8) countries including Iran, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Kazakhstan, North Macedonia. The topics presented include Assessing teaching competency of academic staff at university level: Are we competent? ; Review study: Competency-based approach implementation in educational system; Identification and remediation of students’ disadvantages due to COVID-19; Explosive strength evolution of Romanian professional rugby players – Backs; Social phobia and addictive behaviours in adolescents; Application of repurposing in design education within the framework of sustainable design approach; Analysis of the last 10 years of articles and theses on authentic learning: A meta-analysis study; The effectiveness of educational structural factors and text design on students’ reading comprehension, among many other carefully selected topics.
 We trust that the goal for this publication was realized and as such, we would like to thank all the contributors and the publishing team for their immense contribution to this publication.
 Dear Reader, have a great time reading!!
 
 Best Regards
 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jesus Garcia Laborda, University of Alcala, Spain
 (Editor in chief)

KAJIAN DEKORATIF INTERIOR PEMBATAS RUANG DENGAN MEDIA TANAMAN HIAS PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DENGAN PENDEKATAN SUSTAINABELE DESAIN

The development of interior design and decoration is growing rapidly, and all interior spaces need interior decoration. Room decoration is an important element in beautifying the room. This research discusses the study of interior decorative room dividers with ornamental plant media in residential homes with a sustainable design approach. The method used is environmentally friendly space decorative elements with a design trend in 2020, namely Tropical Vibe, which can be interpreted as decorating a house with plants. The plants selected are indoor plants that do not require direct sunlight, with varying plant sizes. The space elements that are applied make the psychology of space more lively and colorful. This study seeks to discuss how (1) Expression of design by combining interior decoration with ornamental plants (2) Providing an alternative space divider with plant media (3) Linking decorative design with the concept of sustainable design. The results of this study indicate that the design with the ornamental garden method applied to buildings effectively uses resources efficiently. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to describe alternative designs of space dividers and decorative designs with the concept of sustainable design.

Sustainable Craft Design Systems for Handloom Weavers

The winds of change are often blown by forces of nature like draught, famine, floods, earthquakes, and deadly pandemics which displace the craft communities from their native lands for livelihood. Despite this the handloom sector has suffered severe setbacks in the past decades and has struggled to cope with them. The paper aims to study the handloom craft design system of India, recognizing the strategies to strengthen and develop sustainable craft design system for handloom weavers. This exploratory paper is based on a review of the literature and observations. Case studies of the design interventions, craft study and chronology, at various handloom craft clusters are analyzed to understand the impact on the handloom craft design system, the transition from physical to digital retail that has penetrated the handloom weaving communities, government, and NGO organizations’ support and nature of funding models involved. Craft design education and consumer awareness would increase sensitivity to changing markets scenarios. Communication about the textile process and authenticity is important to encourage the consumers to make mindful choices and support authentic handloom textiles which are integral to slow fashion. The system-based approach for sustainable craft design is essential to bring wholistic and value-based strategies for resurgent handloom weaving communities.

Active design: promoting physical activity through building layout

History has shown that environmental design can play a vital role in improving public health. Today, architects, urban designers, and planners can collaborate to address one of the most urgent and widespread epidemics of our time which are obesity and its related diseases. Hence, just as design professionals are increasingly embracing green building as an objective for environmental sustainability, they should thoroughly consider the potential effects of their designs on public health and wellbeing. Active Design is one of the approaches that must been taken by the architecture field. It is an idea to design cities and buildings for eco-sustenance that in turn can encourage people to get more exercise. This is not about encouraging us to go to the gym and working out more, but instead, it’s about giving citizens more of a workout through how we interact with our environment daily. There are a few countries that have been publishing their own Active Design Guidelines in promoting the use of this approach on the building design. However, the active design guidelines are not yet publishing in Asia, but the active design approach has been implemented and adapted in the building design whether in a direct or indirect manner. The purpose of this study is to examine, evaluate and review the building layout design in Malaysian Architecture in relation with the active design sustainable approach based on the literature and guidelines which can influence physical activities and health among Malaysian. Three selected building from Malaysia have been selected and analysed through qualitative and quantitative method. The finding of the research would provide deeper understanding of the necessary parameters and factors that are needed to be considered in implementing the active sustainable design approach in Malaysia.

PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN FOR ACTIVE LEARNING SPACE AND CO-RESEARCH LABS: ROOFTOP EXTENSION IN AN ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL

This research presents the architectural research-design process of learning spaces that utilized performance-based design techniques. It is the exploration of creating new learning and research environments on the rooftop of the Faculty of Architecture and Planning building. It consists of a co-research lab for faculty members, active-learning classrooms, and semi-outdoor community spaces. To achieve the design goals, the research process consists of surveys of functional requirements from the users, student participation in a design competition, building’s structure inspection, development of performance-based architectural design, and construction document preparation. The whole building energy and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to simulate microclimate maps and conditions that used to informed design-decision making. The final design proposes a new architectural expression in contrast to the monotony of horizontal elements of the existing building. A sustainable design approach as a response to the tropical climate of Thailand, as the human comfort, is generally achieved through HVAC system. The south-facing facade is equipped with vertical sunshades, some are automatically adjustable to optimize the daylight efficiency, corresponding to the daily sun’s movement. The solar panels are installed on the roofs to supply electricity and to reduce carbon emissions. Due to the site’s very strict regulatory issues and budget, the steel structural system and dry-wall construction are selected to reduce additional dead-loaded weight and limited construction time.

An optimization approach for sustainable and resilient supply chain design with regional considerations

Regional and geographical differences between facilities is of paramount importance in supply chain design. However, the impact of the regions' performance on supply chain design decisions remains a relatively under-researched subject in the literature. This paper presents a hybrid methodology for designing a sustainable supply chain that is resilient to random disruptions. We propose a multi-period multi-objective optimization model that utilizes a k-means clustering method to evaluate the regions' sustainability performance. The model aims to determine sourcing and network design decisions as well as resilience strategies. To manage the operational risks associated with the supply chain, we employ a new robustness measure that eliminates the need to estimate the probability distribution of random parameters. Finally, a Benders decomposition algorithm is developed to solve the model. Practical insights are drawn from an actual case study of a downstream petrochemical industry in Iran.

What is design for social sustainability? A systematic literature review for designers of product-service systems

Social sustainability is concerned with the wellbeing and flourishing of societies now and in the future. Despite its importance, it has been largely overlooked compared with environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. Additionally, although there is a longstanding history of design being used to tackle social and sustainability problems, the concept of design for social sustainability is not well-understood. In light of this, the current study aims to conceptually develop design for social sustainability. It specifically focuses on how this concept can be developed for the design of product-service systems. A systematic literature review of social design and sustainable design literature is conducted to synthesise fragmented knowledge on design for social sustainability. A total of 69 articles are analysed with respect to terminology, context, methods, focus and key themes. In doing so, it helps to summarise current knowledge and identify several promising areas for further research. In particular, it calls for additional contextual and place-based perspectives; development of appropriate metrics, methods and tools; and research on the linkages between design for social sustainability and existing sustainable design approaches and methods. This article contributes to knowledge in three ways: (1) it integrates disparate knowledge on design for social sustainability within the domain of product-service systems, (2) it defines design for social sustainability and makes progress toward operationalising the concept by identifying its key dimensions, and (3) it identifies current gaps in the literature and highlights areas for further research. This study is important for designers of product-service systems because it sheds a light on what is desirable and achievable.

What Is Design for Social Sustainability? A Systematic Literature Review for Designers of Product-Service Systems

Social sustainability is concerned with the wellbeing and flourishing of societies now and in the future. Despite its importance, it has been largely overlooked compared with environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. Additionally, although there is a longstanding history of design being used to tackle social and sustainability problems, the concept of design for social sustainability is not well-understood. In light of this, the current study aims to conceptually develop design for social sustainability. It specifically focuses on how this concept can be developed for the design of product-service systems. A systematic literature review of social design and sustainable design literature is conducted to synthesise fragmented knowledge on design for social sustainability. A total of 69 articles are analysed with respect to terminology, context, methods, focus and key themes. In doing so, it helps to summarise current knowledge and identify several promising areas for further research. In particular, it calls for additional contextual and place-based perspectives; development of appropriate metrics, methods and tools; and research on the linkages between design for social sustainability and existing sustainable design approaches and methods. This article contributes to knowledge in three ways: (1) it integrates disparate knowledge on design for social sustainability within the domain of product-service systems, (2) it defines design for social sustainability and makes progress toward operationalising the concept by identifying its key dimensions, and (3) it identifies current gaps in the literature and highlights areas for further research. This study is important for designers of product-service systems because it sheds a light on what is desirable and achievable.

Shear performance of cold-formed steel shear walls with high-aspect-ratios

Shear walls of cold-formed steel (CFS) with high aspect ratios could be used in buildings with large openings such as doors and windows. However, the performance of CFS shear walls with high aspect ratios remains unclear due to limited test data. This research aimed to explore the mechanic performance and strength reduction factor of CFS shear walls with high aspect ratios through an experimental study. Five full-scale specimens were tested under monotonic loading, and the failure mechanism, bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation of the specimens were obtained. The test results indicated that shear walls with small aspect ratios typically fail as a result of connection damage to horizontal seams and corners, whilst shear walls with high aspect ratios commonly buckle at both the end stud and bottom track. As the aspect ratio increased, the initial stiffness and capacity decreased, while the energy dissipation per unit length increased due to greater flexibility. Ultimately, this study proposes a more reasonable design formula for strength reduction factors based upon a regression analysis of the test data. This will facilitate a more sustainable design approach, and fulfills current standards in engineering practice.

Planting Design Approach in Sustainable Urban Planning

The increased pressures associated with climate change and urbanization processes adversely affect the quality of life of the cities and damage the sustainability of the cities. Sustainability of a city depends on the social, economic and ecological flexible uses that these pressures can tolerate. The examination of these flexible uses within the city brings along the sustainability of the landscape. Landscape serving flexible uses for urban sustainability; All the unconscious elements that make up that landscape, especially the vegetation landscape element, should support the concept of sustainability. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to determine sustainable design approaches in the fields of planting and to create an evaluation scale accordingly by examining the sustainable planting design approaches in urban scale. An answer was sought to the question of how sustainable the planting activities of Trabzon province are. In the study, 40 studies defined as sustainable landscape areas were examined and 27 sub-parameters were developed under 4 main titles within the framework of these studies. The parameters are examined in the regions represented by the city components that make up the city and it is tried to determine what is necessary for the sustainability of the city

Holistic energy efficient design approach to sustainable building using monitored energy management system

Building sector focuses on surpassing challenges linked to energy efficiency and mitigation measures related to greenhouse gas emissions, in consequence, it needs to improve building performance in the interest of decreasing impact over environment. Buildings with reduced long-term operating cost, environmental-friendly and moderate construction costs can be achieved only by multi-object optimization and cross-disciplinary analysis, embodying a holistic approach. Following the main principles of the holistic sustainable design approach, the paper presents a sustainable experimental modular laboratory involving various strategy in regard with sustainable building, as resource, cost and material efficiency, health and well-being, environmentally conscious design, life cycle design, modular design, reusable/recyclable element, environment-friendly demolition method, safety design, consideration of life cycle cost, materials cost and waste disposal cost. Besides the installation of renewable energy sources and conservation of energy, the holistic construction of laboratory included also an integrated design with consideration for technology, operation and maintenance, which involved the implementation of a monitored energy management system. The system provides an accurate overview of the building’s performance during operational phase. Although the monitoring is still in an incipient phase, recordings showed promising results regarding the behaviour of recycled-PET thermal wadding used for insulation and indoor comfort conditions.

Sustainable electronics product design and manufacturing: State of art review

ABSTRACT The paper reviews the studies on sustainable electronics reported in the literature and determines opportunities through which the expansion of sustainable electronic products is possible. The sustainable growth of electronics products from product, process and material dimensions, and modelling of sustainable electronics were reviewed based on 57 papers from the literature. The review findings were used to identify the methods for improvement of the sustainability of electronic products. The study proposes a sustainability framework for electronic product design. The significant finding of the investigation reported in this review is that the deployment efforts of sustainability in electronics design and manufacturing are in the nascent stages and the attempts enhance the effectiveness of the implementation of sustainable manufacturing. The study investigates research studies from the viewpoint of implementing sustainable electronics product design and manufacturing. Besides, the deployment of the proposed framework to other organisations could also be validated. The findings of this literature investigation specified the need for enhancing the usefulness of sustainable electronics design and manufacturing approach. This study logically presents sustainable electronics product design and manufacturing under four critical perspectives. The study recognises research gaps and proposes methods for improvement.

Intelligent buildings for energy consumption management

The main concern of the paper is the energy consumption management, in relation to the advantages and disadvantages of an intelligent building. The building sector consumes about one third of primary energy. An intelligent use of energy could have an impact on the energy consumption and cost. Energy management is the process of controlling, conserving and monitoring the energy in a building or recently in a home. With the use of sensors, all systems are connected and useful data is gathered to improve the building’s efficiency. Intelligent building design is the future of building and building services sector. Enhancing energy preservation strategies and using sustainable design approaches are necessary in developing intelligent buildings. This implies a more effective approach to reaching the green goals, and it also implies financial savings. Building an intelligent building involves a larger investment, but in the long run the usual expenses will decrease. National grid energy consumption will decrease with the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind energy, if the energy is produced on site. In order to make a difference in the climate change, intelligent buildings depend on the non-fossil sources, which will affect the energy usage. Furthermore, an intelligent building will increase the comfort and productivity of its occupants, for either a workspace or a home.