Sustainability Of Social Enterprises Research Articles

Successfully creating and scaling a sustainable social enterprise model under uncertainty: The case of ViaVia Travellers Cafés

While the literature on social scaling adopts a linear perspective in which a social enterprise first tests and validates its business model and then scales it up to other settings, this study argues that in uncertain and volatile environments, a more iterative approach may be appropriate. We develop an in-depth case study of ViaVia Travellers Cafés, a social enterprise that has successfully scaled its operations to 16 locations covering four continents. Through document analyses and twelve interviews with internal and external stakeholders, we are able to map and analyze the development process of the ViaVia Travellers Cafés, with information covering a period of more than 25 years. We find that under uncertainty, the social business model does not need to be proven before scaling it up. In fact, ViaVia Travellers had not yet developed a replicable model when scaling activities were undertaken. It regarded each new expansion as an experiment, and developed the business model's economic and social elements by learning from the portfolio of its previous experiments. Overcoming uncertainty hence involved simultaneously developing and scaling the business model. Our study introduces insights from the literature on business model development under uncertainty to the research on sustainable business models and social scaling, while contributing relevant insights for social entrepreneurs trying to scale.

사회적기업의 성과와 지속가능성의 성공요인에 관한 연구

사회적기업의 성과와 지속가능성의 성공요인에 관한 연구

Value-Added in Venture Philanthropy vs. Venture Capital: Uncovering the Subtle Differences between Two Apparently Similar Fields of Practice

Venture philanthropy’s main goal is to help create and grow stronger and more sustainable social enterprises. In order to do so, venture philanthropy organizations, similar to traditional venture capital, provide the social enterprise with financial resources and non-financial support. Whereas it is clear how much money they invest, there is less clarity in terms of the value they provide through non-financial support, more specifically relating its cost to the impact on investees. Drawing on prior work in venture capital and using in-depth exploratory research, we expand, refine and develop a model to measure the value, the impact and the cost, of the non-financial services provided by venture philanthropy. This model will be tested on a large-scale sample in a subsequent study. By focusing our attention on these changes, we are able to uncover the subtle differences between two apparently similar fields of practice.

시스템다이내믹스를 활용한 사회적 기업 지속가능성 시나리오 분석

시스템다이내믹스를 활용한 사회적 기업 지속가능성 시나리오 분석

Relationships Between Entrepreneurship, Community Networking, and Economic and Social Performance in Social Enterprises: Evidence from South Korea

ABSTRACTThe significant demand for obtaining economic and social performance presents an increasing challenge to the social enterprise community. This study examined the relationships of entrepreneurship, community networking, and economic and social performance in social enterprises using a sample of 235 social enterprises in Korea. Entrepreneurship was positively associated with economic performance; however, an indirect relationship between entrepreneurship and economic performance through community networking was not found. Entrepreneurship was positively associated with social performance through community networking and was not directly associated with social performance. Economic performance was positively associated with social performance. Implications for sustainable social enterprises are discussed.

사회적기업 현황과 지속가능성을 위한 제언

본 논문은 최근에 활발하게 진행되고 있는 사회적기업의 현황에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 사회적기업의 지속가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지에 대해 강원도내 사회적기업을 실제적으로 조사연구하여 살펴보았다. 가장 중요한 우선순위로는, '이해당사자의 가치 창출 및 소통' 부문에서는 i)사회적미션의 지속적인 추구노력 및 기업내외 이해당사자와의 소통, 사회적 평판을 제고하려는 노력, ii)사회적기업이 위치한 지역사회 및 협력업체와의 생산적 관계 형성이 가장 중요한 요인인 것으로 나타났으며, '재정과 지원' 부문에서는 정부정책 지원의 효과적인 활용과 후원사업의 효율적인 운영을 통해 영업외 수익을 창출하는 것이 중요한 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 차선으로는, '내부 비즈니스 프로세스' 부문에서 직원의 내부업무 참여를 통한 소통 노력과 갈등해소 기제가 중요한 것으로 나타났으며, 마지막으로는 '학습과 혁신' 부문의 기업가적 리더쉽의 발현여부와 후계자 그룹의 존재여부가 사회적기업의 지속가능성에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인인 것으로 나타났다. This paper discussed the status of a social enterprise that is being actively pursued in recent years. In addition, the study looked at the social enterprise in Gangwon actually about what the factors affecting the sustainability of social enterprises. The most important priority is 'value creation and communication of the stakeholders' category i) Communication with the social mission of an ongoing quest and corporate internal and external stakeholders, efforts to enhance the social reputation, ii) social organizations in the community and productive relationships with suppliers were two appeared to be the most important factor, "Finance and support" sector, was found to be an important factor in the efficient operation through the effective use of government policy support and sponsorship projects generate operating income. Second, the it was a 'internal business processes' communication efforts and conflict resolution mechanisms through the involvement of employees in the internal affairs division appeared to be important, Finally, we showed that expression and whether the existence of a successor group of entrepreneurial leadership, learning and innovation sector is an important factor affecting the sustainability of the social enterprise.

A Study on the Effect of Reemployment of Retired Persons on the Sustainability of Social Enterprises

A Study on the Effect of Reemployment of Retired Persons on the Sustainability of Social Enterprises

Social impact assessment process for an efficient socio-economic transformation towards poverty alleviation and sustainable development


 
 
 Abstract
 Sustainable social entrepreneurship (SSE) is a kind of entrepreneurship that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability, efficiency and values of future generations to meet their own needs. SSE leads to sustainable development. Social entrepreneurs were developed through well-conceived and well directed training programmes around thrust areas, thus advancing the frontiers of theories and practice SSE. The concept of SSE challenges that fosters long-term protection of the society, environment and its habitants as the technological or engineering developments are guided by efficiency, productivity, profitability, health and environmental impacts, resource and energy conservation, waste management, and social impacts such as public convenience, unemployment and crime. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) To formulate and appraise forty-three number of detailed project reports (DPRs) of Diploma in Entrepreneurship and Business Management (DEBM ) course extension learners in eleven batches attached with the DEBM Counsellor and Co- ordinator of Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India -Ahmedabad (EDI),India as well author of this research during the research year (RY) 2007-2014 , (ii) To conduct social impact assessment and environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) for projects , (iii) To design and develop a comprehensive and green economic system modelling and (iv) To promote sustainable socio- economic policies of SIA process for an efficient socio- economic transformation development based on social entrepreneurial research conducted in South India . The design of the study is cross sectional. SIA is defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential social impacts of proposed projects, plans, programs, policies or legislative actions relative to the socio- economic components of the society and total environment. Social factor has been considered in project planning and decision-making process in order to arrive at action which should be socio-economically compatible. Environmental health impact assessment process has been conducted in order to mitigate the environmental health impacts. Socio-economic environment is a man-made environment related to a set of considerations such as demographical study including population trends and population distribution , population interaction and interrelation to the social problem and solution, economic indicators of human welfare services, educational systems, transportation systems, environmental protective infrastructural facilities such as water supply system, waste water treatment system, solid and hazardous waste management, resource conservation and recovery process, environmental public health services and medical facilities. Social impact assessment process should be enacted as social policy act in order to encourage the considerations of human society in project planning and decision making process . Extension learners were equipped with the knowledge, skills and motivation to set up their sustainable social enterprises and function dynamically and manage successfully. DPRs proposed by learners have been investigated as per guidelines provided by EDI. Entrepreneurial business planning assessment regimes (EBPARs) have been accomplished for their credibility and communicability. DEBM projects were screened for the seven fatal flaws viz., (i) Scientific feasibility, (ii) technical feasibility, (iii) economic feasibility, (iv) marketing feasibility, (v) environmental feasibility, (vi) social feasibility and (vii) fundamental legality. Social entrepreneur of an entrepreneurial team should need skills in ethics, accounting, law, finance, team creation and marketing aspects in order to avoid failures in the process. The result analysis of forty- three learners has been discussed. Based on comprehensive socio-economic analysis, a green socio-economic system model has been presented. A famous project case of a DPR-I has been presented on unsafe chromium pollution and contamination of about 18 000 to 30 000 mg/kg from Indian cotton roller ginneries and development of green design roller gin rollers for cotton gins duly investigated in a ginning factory. Such low-carbon and energy-efficient agricultural technologies of agricultural hi-tech industries have made important contributions to mitigating the impacts of economic growth on global warming. Hitherto state-of-the- art literatures, market effects have been considered. It is reported that non-market impacts such as social and environmental impact assessment should be considered for proposed projects, plans, programs, policies and legislative action. It is concluded that this action-based and extension learning field study on SSE shall promote sustainable socio-economic policies for sustainable development and poverty alleviation.
 
 
 
 Keywords: action, efficient, entrepreneurship, environmental impact assessment process, project, social impact assessment (SIA) process, transformation.
 
 
 
 
 

Factors Influencing the Sustainability of Social Enterprises in Korea: Application of the QCA Method

The unemployment rate is not improving in Korea, income disparity between the rich and the poor is growing, and a high percentage of young university graduates have no jobs (the employment rate is approximately 58% as of 2014). Demands by ordinary people for employment and for more social welfare are getting strong and serious. Against this background, social enterprises in Korea began as a means of solving the problem of unemployment among vulnerable social groups, in particular and expanding the supply of social services. Since 2007 when The Social Enterprise Promotion Act that was established, the number of social enterprises has been constantly increasing at a slow but steady rate, and as of December 2014 there were 1251 in total. However, criticisms have been made as to the sustainability of social enterprises for failing to continue operation, or reducing in size once the benefits and government aid they receive as certified enterprises come to an end. This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the sustainability of social enterprises in Korea, and to put forward theoretical and policy implications on how to enhance the sustainability of social enterprises.

A Strategic Perspective of Social Enterprise Sustainability

In a constrained environment, social enterprise sustainability is trapped in a'survival and maintenance' mode characterised by obscurity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of sustainability from a strategic perspective by looking at two case studies that managed to thrive and grow. Drawing on ∥ in-depth interviews, the paper explores how the phenomenon plays out and how strategic practices are carried out in their local exchange contexts, rising above mundane challenges, and ending up improving the economic and social capacities of their communities. The paper contends that social enterprise sustainability is grounded in understanding the impact of contextual, organisational and individual spheres that correspond to three strategic ex-ante enablers: stakeholder orientation, relationship-oriented organisation, and entrepreneurial behaviour; all of which have had valuable contributions towards the upkeep of the enterprise. The study demonstrates that sustainability of social enterprises in a constrained environment is a function of a continuous entrepreneurial activity and the effective use of social and business models. Beyond its direct contribution to the literature on social enterprise in developing countries, the paper offers a practical framework that underlines the dynamism of a sustainable social enterprise while emphasising key managerial and marketing concepts. It concludes with a number of recommendations for policy and practice as to how to enhance the contribution of management and marketing concepts to sustainable social enterprises.

A Note on the Renovation of Social Enterprise in Korea: Current Status and Future Prospects

Social enterprise activities in Korea began after 1998. Korea was facing the IMF Financial Crisis which yielded growing unemployment and slow economic growth. The government, therefore, carried out the Social Job Creation Project for the unemployed on a trial basis as ways to provide jobs to the vulnerable. Since 2004, it has become a government-wide project. Moreover in 2007, the Korean government implemented the Social Enterprise Promotion Act. Unlike those in Europe and the U.S., this system did not come to fruition from the spontaneous necessity of a social enterprise in the market, but rather came into effect in line with government-led policy objectives such as job creation to solve market dysfunctionality. In Korea, social enterprise policies were intended to incubate social enterprises through the government's unique certification systems as well as various support systems. Further, in the eight years since the implementation, it has brought about remarkable policy effects. Thus, this paper, aims to look into the present condition and issues of social enterprises which regard these policy effects as Social Enterprise Renovation and whose policies have brought significant effects in a short period of time, as well as into policy issues for the development of sustainable social enterprises. In conclusion, to see social enterprises develop sustainably, First of all, direct support methods for labor costs are improved. Second, the indirect support is expanded for self-sustaining independence. Third, the linkage and collaboration between private and community are established. This refers to establishing the economic order to realize the goal of social enterprises-the pursuit of private profits and public interests-through the social enterprises nurtured up to the present standing on fair market competitiveness.

Sustainability and competitive advantage from a developing economy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of sustainability as measured by the triple bottom line constructs on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach To understand the impact of sustainability on competitive advantage, a survey was conducted where managers were asked about their engagement in the sustainability issues and how it affects their competitive advantage. The study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) and, in particular, the partial least square (PLS) approaches to SEM. Findings The results of this study indicate that economic and social have a positive impact on the corporate image but not the environment. In addition, corporate image and social have positive impact on corporate performance, whilst economic and environment seem not to have any impact on corporate performance. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to only manufacturing firms operating in the Ghanaian environment. It is important, therefore, for firms in Ghana to invest in social sustainability initiatives, as it will ultimately affect their bottom line performance. This study provides policy implications to Ghana and other developing countries to implement the necessary policies and provide incentives to improve environmental awareness. Originality/value There have been just a few studies that tried to find out the impact of sustainability constructs and performance and how corporate image mediates this relationship.

Social enterprise sustainability revisited: an international perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine social enterprise sustainability by comparing recent international research with prior findings seeking to identify the important factors that facilitate social enterprise development. Design/methodology/approach The research used a concurrent, convergent mixed methods approach on a sample of 93 social enterprise leaders using surveys and face-to-face interviews. The participants were sourced from a cross-section of social enterprise organisational types from urban and regional locations in Australia and Scotland. Findings The findings support prior research, identifying resourcing, organisational capabilities, collaborative networks and legitimacy as influential in the success of social enterprises. However, the research contributes new knowledge by revealing an overarching growth orientation as the dominant factor in the strategic management for sustainability of these ventures. This growth orientation is generally associated with the intent to achieve profitability. Thus, social enterprise managers view a commercially focused growth orientation as an overarching strategic factor that underpins organisational sustainability. Originality/value The paper delivers new insights into the strategic orientation of social ventures of benefit to policy makers and practitioners alike. The findings are significant for policy makers providing perspectives into how governmental assistance can be targeted to develop sustainable social enterprises, particularly the need to support the growth of these ventures. Similarly, practitioners are alerted to the strategic imperatives of incorporating a commercially focused growth orientation and the latent potential that exists in the networks of social enterprise.

Journey fromNGOto Sustainable Social Enterprise: Acceleratory Organizational Factors ofBRAC

The purpose of this study is to explore the organizational factors that accelerate for turning BRAC into a sustainable Social Enterprise (SE). As such, using the organization BRAC as a case study, this study focused on two main objectives: first, to explore its organizational strategy or approach as SE and second, to evaluate the ability of the organization to maintain its organizational value as an NGO while operating SEs. This work constitutes exploratory research based on case study method. The data collection method is divided into two parts: in the first part the relevant literature was reviewed, and in the second part purposive sampling method was used in the form of an in‐depth interview. Findings suggests that BRAC generated some key organizational factors including addressing specific social and client's needs, introduced unique ‘BRAC Model’ and strategy for their SEs, visionary leadership and competent management with proper organizational foundation assist the organization in its capacity to become a sustainable and successful SE. This research has policy implications findings common elements yet innovative approaches for establishing SE among NGOs in Bangladesh, in order to come up with institutional regulations in informal economy and instable political system.

Can marketing contribute to sustainable social enterprise?

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of marketing as a route to sustainability for social enterprises providing public services. It examines the tensions between the economic and social objectives, both of social enterprises and of marketing. It concludes by offering a new model of the role of marketing for sustainable social enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used the case study approach which included four cases. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the chief executives of each social enterprise. The cases were classified by age. Findings – The paper demonstrates that while marketing potentially has much to offer in terms of organisational resilience for social enterprises, its application is currently undermined by its misunderstanding in practise within a “product-dominant” business logic. Despite this, the study finds a strong element of the unconscious application of marketing by social enterprises. Originality/value – The implications of this are discussed in the context of the “public service-dominant” business logic that is currently emerging in public management, and recommendations are made for policy and practice as to how to enhance the contribution of marketing, both to sustainable social enterprises and to public services delivery.

Reciprocity and Resilience: Teaching and Learning Sustainable Social Enterprise through Gaming

Against a backdrop of increased global environmental and economic uncertainty, the resilience and sustainability of urban communities is a paramount concern for decision makers. The work presented here aims to explore how teaching and learning around transition initiatives, based upon social enterprise and reciprocity, might be supported by game theory and strategy simulation environments. Key elements for this are the coevolutionary nature of internal and external organisational contexts. The gaming prototype developed here (Exploring Community Resilience, ExCoRe) is based upon an extension of the Prisoner’s Dilemma as a medium for active learning, but is enacted through a multi-player and dynamic environment. The key learning objectives for the game are to introduce a broad concept of reciprocity and collaboration on a systems level, and the importance of an emergent and responsive ‘learning strategy’ for new start-ups and enterprises. The static nature of the traditional strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) approach is challenged and students are encouraged to appreciate, through establishing game strategy, a much more fluid and dynamic relationship between internal and external environments.

Determinants Affecting Sustainability of Social Enterprises

Determinants Affecting Sustainability of Social Enterprises

Local Sustainability Movement Rides Wave of Evolving Federalism to 'Axe' Private Property Rights

This article examines Obama administration sustainability initiatives and surveys U.S. Supreme Court federalism jurisprudence in an effort to explain how this White House has exploited the Court's evolving anti-New Deal Federalism to facilitate and accommodate post-modernist local environmental & social sustainability initiatives at the U.S. state and local levels that attenuate private property rights and subjugate them to putative public interests.

RETRACTED: Sustainability of Social Enterprises: A Discourse Analysis

RETRACTED: Sustainability of Social Enterprises: A Discourse Analysis

Legitimacy and Sustainability of Social Enterprise: Governance and Accountability

This paper discusses the principles of legitimacy and sustainability of these social enterprises as one of the tools for non-profit organisations to fulfill their mission to healthy communities. The capability of social enterprises operations to create both social and economic values is considered “double bottom-line” mainstream organisations that creates economic values and social values, while other organisations are mainly “single bottom-line” mainstream organisations. This paper discusses the legitimacy and sustainability of social enterprises in generating income through its dual purpose of having “business” sources of revenues to be used for charity purposes.