Sustainability Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

Environment and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries: A Review

The subject of Solid Waste Management has attained global attention over recent years. This issue is observed to be more prominent in developing countries than in developed countries due to inadequate funds and resources. Solid waste generation, segregation practices, storage facilities, collection frequencies and disposal methods are evidenced to be unsustainable in developing countries. Uncontrolled dumping and open burning are common scenarios in these countries. Open dumping and burning of waste pose serious environmental and health risks. They have led to severe forms of air, water and soil pollution. Municipal Solid Waste pollution increases the mortality as well as morbidity of diseases. Thus, the present study reviews the environmental consequences and subsequent health jeopardies due to improper and inefficient Solid Waste Management. The study focuses more on environmental sustainability of Solid Waste Management than economic and social sustainability. Hence, a paradigm shift towards green and clean Solid Waste Management is vital as it safeguards the ecosystem while preserving a green economy and social equity amongst present and future generations.

Waste to worth: A high-temperature water-gas shift magnetite catalyst with encapsulated core-shell structure from coal fly ash

In this paper, we demonstrate the synthesis of magnetite-based, encapsulated catalyst with a core-shell structure from coal fly ash, an industrial solid waste, and its application to industrially important high temperature water-gas shift reaction (HT-WGSR). The catalyst precursor was first synthesized through a leaching-precipitation-hydrothermal process, leading to the formation of a nanosheet-like hematite precursor consisting of Fe3+ as primary element and minor cations including Al3+, Mg2+ and other cations (e.g. Ca2+ and Ti4+). During the WGSR, the nanosheets broke into smaller particles with a core of magnetite with a diameter of ~20 nm, whereas the inherent impurity elements were activated and migrated to the outer surface forming a shell with a thickness of ~4 nm. Due to the protection of shell, the as-synthesized catalyst exhibited improved activity, thermal stability and long-term durability for HT-WGSR at 400 °C and 450 °C. Compared to the pure hematite, this catalyst exhibited much higher activity and stability, i.e., increased CO conversion and decreased deactivation rate constant, by a factor of four and three, respectively. Additionally, through a bottom-up reverse synthesis, we have confirmed that Al3+ functioned as a textual promoter enhancing the interfacial area of the catalyst. On the other hand, the presence of minor impurity elements, in particular 2.58 wt% Mg2+ and 0.18 wt% Ti4+, were found to increase the basicity, and promote the adsorption rate of CO, the redox of catalysts, and the alteration of the reaction mechanism from regenerative to associative with the formation of a strong intermediate formate. This study not only opens a new direction on the valorization of solid waste into high-value catalysts, promoting the sustainability of solid waste management, but also provides an alternative, cost-effective and scalable approach for the design and fine-tuning of encapsulated catalysts.

Eco-innovations and sustainability in solid waste management: An indian upfront in technological, organizational, start-ups and financial framework

Technological interventions and eco-innovative solutions are necessary to cope with the adverse environmental impacts of waste accumulation. The notion to consider “waste as a resource and recycling of the same for getting the value of the waste” has truly transformed the approach towards solid waste management (SWM). Technological eco-innovations rely on the automation of waste segregation, collection, route optimization, digital apps for creating communication (enhanced efficiency by 40–85%) and treatment technologies. The regulatory framework with amendments in rules, new policies, schemes, smart city missions are responsible for the implementation of “Tech-innovations” at the ground level and has shown societal benefits. India has significantly shown progress in sustainable development goals (SDGs) score from 50.93 to 60.23 (year 2000–2019). The innovative and sustainable waste management practices in India have increased contribution to renewable energy (approx. 2554 MW/annum), 15-billion-USD business opportunity by the circular economy, 25–30% resale profit from processed E-waste, increased co-operative collaborations, trailblazing start-ups, improved SDG 3,7,8,9,11,12,13, improved market for green products and services, brilliant institutional and regional innovations addressing the issue of climate change. The present article critically reviews the exemplary eco-innovations (technological and non-technological) including resource recovery and viable technologies for SWM in India. The review also illustrates the lacunae (in awareness, bioproducts adoption and advanced technologies), recommendations based on findings and future research areas. The paper can also assist researchers, entrepreneurs and the policy makers for improving the status of SWM in India as well as other developing countries with the same societal and economic status.

Good Governance Role for a Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Rural Community

As one of the problematic countries with the solid waste management issue, Indonesia has created many regulation and initiatives through its central government to local government in dealing with this problem. However, not all region succeeded in solving this solid waste issue as there are lack of good governance implementation in the local government. This study aims to analyse the best practice of good governance’s principles in a local government of Paulan Village which succeeded to develop a sustainable solid waste management for the rural community. This study used qualitative approach through official reports and newspaper publication review, field observation, and an interview in collecting the data. The data were analysed by descriptive content analysis. This study finds that the local government of Paulan Village has proofed that the implementation of good governance has succeeded to maintain the sustainability of solid waste management in Paulan Village. Moreover, it also finds that participation, rule of law, also effectiveness and efficiency are the strongest three of eight good governance principles which influence the sustainability of solid waste management in Desa Paulan.

Assessment of the Implementation of Proper Solid Waste Management of The Residents In Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol

Solid waste management is the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. Reducing and eliminating the adverse impact of waste materials on human health and the environment supports economic development. Quality of life is the primary goal of solid waste management. To ensure environmental best practices, content or hazard potential and solid waste must be managed systematically, and it is needed to be incorporated into ecological planning. This study aimed to assess Bonbon, Clarin, and Bohol residents regarding the proper implementation of solid waste management. The quantitative-descriptive method of research was used with the aid of a modified standardized survey questionnaire. The data showed that mothers or married respondents aged 21-30 got the highest percentage. Therefore, it shows that they are the ones primarily in charge of household waste management. The Assessment of the implementation of Solid Waste Management was conducted per dimension: Planning and Control, Zero Waste Collection Service, and Waste Disposal System. According to the results, the dimension of Planning and Control was labeled as Strongly Implemented, Zero Waste Collection Service was marked as Moderately Implemented, and Waste Disposal System was categorized as Moderately Not Implemented. Therefore, it shows that the Solid Waste Management in Bonbon, Clarin, and Bohol was moderately implemented. Thus, the study's outcome served as a guide to enhance their best practices for the full implementation and sustainability of solid waste management in their locality.

Diagnosis of the management of solid urban waste of the municipalities of ABC Paulista of Brasil through the application of sustainability indicators

This article deals with the challenges and obstacles facing the management of Urban Solid Waste (MSW) in the municipalities of ABC Paulista. In compliance with the guidelines imposed by the National Solid Waste Policy 12,305/2010, which determined that the entire city has a duty to create the PMGRS (Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan), and the creation of measures for constant changes in the collection of municipal waste and in the treatment and disposal of MSW. The objective of this article is to identify the level of sustainability in solid waste management in the following municipalities: Santo André, São Bernardo and São Caetano do Sul. The methodology used in this article was divided into three parts, the first part being the collection of primary and secondary data, the second was the integrated diagnosis of the results and, finally, the future prospects in relation to a proposal for new scenarios for the municipalities studied. The municipalities presented different results, and some positive aspects, the municipality of Santo André has excelled in most of the scenarios, even with all the presented obstacles.

Characterization of lightweight concrete made of palm oil clinker aggregates

Lightweight concrete (LWC) has been identified as an innovative technique for construction purposes. Lightweight concrete can be categorized into three different types which are no-fine aggregate concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete and aerated concrete. This paper studied the characteristic of the lightweight concrete in term of mechanical properties utilizing the palm oil clinker (POC) as lightweight aggregates. Two mixes of lightweight concrete were developed, namely as POCC100 and POCC50 where each mix utilized 100% and 50% of total replacement to fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. The fresh and hardened POC concrete was tested and compared to the normal concrete (NC). The hardened state of the concrete was investigated through density test, ultrasonic pulse velocity, cube compressive, splitting tensile, flexural, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. From density test results, POC falls into the category of lightweight concrete with a density of 1990.33 kg/m3, which are below than normal weight concrete density. The mechanical properties test results on POCC100 and POCC50 showed that the concrete compressive strength was comparable about 85.70% and 96% compared to NC specimen, respectively. For the flexural strength, POCC50 and POCC100 were comparable about 98% and 97% to NC specimen, respectively. While splitting tensile strength of POCC50 and POCC100 was only 0.6% and 4% lower than NC specimen, respectively. In terms of sustainability of solid waste management, the application of the POC in construction will reduce the redundant of by-products resulted from the palm oil industries. After undergoing various testing of concrete mechanical properties, it can be concluded that POC aggregates was compatible to be used in ligtweight concrete mix proportion.

Factors affecting the sustainability of solid waste management system-the case of Palestine.

Understanding the predictors of sustainability in solid waste management (SWM) systems can significantly contribute to eliminate many waste management problems. In this paper, the sustainability elements of SWM systems of interest are (1) attitudes toward separation at the source, (2) behaviour regarding reuse and/or recycling and (3) willingness to pay for an improved service of SWM. The predictors affecting these three elements were studied in two Palestinian cities: Ramallah and Jericho. The data were collected via structured questionnaires and direct interviews with the respondents, and the analysis utilized a logistic regression model. The results showed that the place of residence and dwelling premises are the significant factors influencing attitudes toward separation at the source; the place of residence and age are the significant factors explaining behaviour regarding reuse and/or recycling; while the dwelling premises, gender, level of education and being received education on waste management are the significant factors affecting willingness to pay for an improved service of SWM.

Sustainable Solid Waste Management System: Barangay Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna

The study analyzed how Barangay Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna can attain a sustainable solid waste management program. Specifically, it determined how the communities can be classified according to social class and examined how the different social classes can implement a sustainable solid waste management program. The study concludes that the behavior of the different social classes varies in terms of managing their waste. The current solid waste management system of Barangay Bayog undergoes a long process and produces an enormous amount of solid waste. Such current practices are unsustainable. The Barangay does not have the necessary policy program to enhance the sustainability of solid waste management. The study recommends that the barangay captain together with other officials and representatives from the different social classes should convene and discuss several issues with regards to different policy programs that need to be implemented in the Barangay. These include preparation of Barangay strategic solid waste management plan, organization of Barangay solid waste management team and association of classes D and E, putting up a material recovery facility, and development of appropriate technology to reduce waste. Technical and financial assistance can also be secured from the Los Baños Science Community Foundation, Inc. (LBSCFI) members. There should be Information-Education Campaign (IEC) activities and a regular barangay clean-up day, and rehabilitation of rivers to encourage participation. Monitoring and evaluation of the solid waste management activities should be done to provide continuity of the program.

Institutional Analysis for Waste Management in Developing Countries

Solid waste management has become a major issue and among various areas which needs re-analysis for improving conditions of solid waste management, the institutional analysis is one of them. Feasibility and sustainability of solid waste management of any region lies in the institutional set up of its governing bodies. It has been observed in developing countries like India that there is need to reform the institutional set up by finding the loopholes in it. The present work incorporates the institutional analysis of governing body of a Allahabad city of India. This is done by identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the organization which deals with works of Solid Waste Management and a new set up of local institutional body is also proposed for its proper functioning.

Sustainable Solid Waste Collection in Addis Ababa: the Users? Perspective

Sustainability of solid waste management is high on the agenda of urban managers. Municipalities in developing countries are incapable of meeting the demand for urban services. Some years ago Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, took the initiative to overcome some of these problems by starting a reform process. It led to a significant shift in the institutional arrangements. Community-based initiatives are becoming increasingly important as a means of addressing the deficiencies of the formal system. This paper analyzes the households’ behaviour and their opinions concerning urban solid waste management practices. Sustainability will be considered from the public health, ecological and socio-economic perspective, following the PPP framework: sustainability concerns the people, the planet, and the profit sector. Primary data consisted of a household survey and interviews of local level officials. Three types of residents were studied: those living in slums, in residential areas, and in a commercial area mixed with houses. 135 households were selected randomly in each condition. The results suggest that from a socio-economic perspective (the profit angle) the service reform suited the interests of the city community by undertaking the service provision in a more sustainable manner. Regularity, reliability, service coverage and the frequency of service delivery to the households improved. Residents also have a good feeling about cost recovery, though also differing opinions were expressed. With regard to public health (the people's angle), improvements were observed concerning the cleanliness of the neighborhoods, while the city cleanliness lagged behind. In case of ecological sustainability (the planet perspective) economic incentives played a more important role than ecological concerns in separating and collecting reusable and recyclable items from the waste stream.

Analysis of sustainability in solid waste management in the city: the case of Paripiranga, Brazil

Before the Industrial Revolution production systems comprised a cycle in which the waste was produced and absorbed by the environment. With the uncontrolled growth of cities and the increase of the population was a major consequence of the increased production of waste. There was, thus, waste management that aims to manage, in an organized and consistent, both the handling and disposal of such wastes in the environment. This study aimed to develop a method of analysis of urban solid waste management in cities, and the consolidation of the method was taken as case study the issue in the municipality of Paripiranga, State of Bahia. The proposed analysis refers to the dimensions of sustainability, but also from a model SWOT analysis showing strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in waste management in the municipality of Paripiranga. The methodology used was based on research relevant literature, and through field interviews with municipal and popular. The main results show that the waste management Paripiranga is far from being considered an ideal model to the point that people are uninformed and uninterested in the subject. The government only uses the landfill as a model of waste management. Public policies under Participative Master Plan should be put into practice, and several gaps related to popular participation must be completed.

Determinants of sustainability in solid waste management – The Gianyar Waste Recovery Project in Indonesia

According to most experts, integrated and sustainable solid waste management should not only be given top priority, but must go beyond technical aspects to include various key elements of sustainability to ensure success of any solid waste project. Aside from project sustainable impacts, the overall enabling environment is the key feature determining performance and success of an integrated and affordable solid waste system. This paper describes a project-specific approach to assess typical success or failure factors. A questionnaire-based assessment method covers issues of: (i) social mobilisation and acceptance (social element), (ii) stakeholder, legal and institutional arrangements comprising roles, responsibilities and management functions (institutional element); (iii) financial and operational requirements, as well as cost recovery mechanisms (economic element). The Gianyar Waste Recovery Project in Bali, Indonesia was analysed using this integrated assessment method. The results clearly identified chief characteristics, key factors to consider when planning country wide replication but also major barriers and obstacles which must be overcome to ensure project sustainability. The Gianyar project consists of a composting unit processing 60tons of municipal waste per day from 500,000 inhabitants, including manual waste segregation and subsequent composting of the biodegradable organic fraction.

An overview of the sustainability of solid waste management at military installations

Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management at military solutions necessitates a combined approach that includes waste reduction, alternative disposal techniques, and increased recycling. Military installations are unique because they often represent large employers in the region in which they are located, thereby making any practices they employ impact overall waste management strategies of the region. Solutions for waste sustainability will be dependent on operational directives and base location, availability of resources such as water and energy, and size of population. Presented in this paper are descriptions of available waste strategies that can be used to support sustainable waste management. Results presented indicate source reduction and recycling to be the most sustainable solutions. However, new waste-to-energy plants and composting have potential to improve on these well proven techniques and allow military installations to achieve sustainable waste management.

Improvements in financing for sustainability in solid waste management

Contributing elements toward the development of a sustainable solid waste management system in Tucumán, Argentina, are described. Changes in the working environment for the wastepickers have been instrumental in providing a livable wage and diminished health and environmental risks to the wastepickers and to neighboring residents. Income levels to the wastepickers are now approximately 1.75 times minimum wages in Tucumán and are being driven almost entirely by the recycling of plastics. Educational improvements in Tucumán, which are assisting sustainability of the solid waste system, are being significantly improved by the operation of a pilot scale project, by demonstrating opportunities to government officials and school children. Improved financial sustainability to the solid waste management system is also potentially available from carbon credit trading opportunities, presenting the opportunity for 1.2 times the income available from recycling efforts.

Evaluating sustainability in waste management: the case of construction and demolition, chemical and clinical wastes in Hong Kong

Abstract This paper intends to set out clearly defined criteria for evaluating sustainability in solid waste management and have them illustrated by a modern Chinese city—Hong Kong. Following a thorough literature review, four evaluative criteria are derived: environmental desirability, economic optimization, social acceptability and equity and administrative diligence. These four criteria are then applied in the context of Hong Kong for the evaluation of the management performance of construction and demolition waste, clinical waste and chemical waste. Although the need to attain sustainability is compelling in Hong Kong, our analysis shows that the management of construction and demolition waste, clinical waste and chemical waste has failed in almost all the sustainability criteria. In terms of controlling the environmental impact from waste management, only end of pipe treatment is adequately delivered but preventive waste management programs are far from adequate. In terms of waste management economics, economic incentives have yet to be instituted for most waste generators. Thus, the present levels of waste generation in Hong Kong far exceed social and economic optimal. Furthermore, although Hong Kong has been commended by having an efficient government, the ability of the government to induce environmentally responsible behavior from private waste generators is weak and thus failing the administrative diligence criterion as well. In the management of the three types of waste, the welfare of future generations is often sacrificed for the narrower, sectoral or district community interests. The myopic environmental welfare view in the Hong Kong community is a logical result of the minimal effort devoted to build up social capital stock and environmental citizenship culture. The main causes for the unsatisfactory waste management performance in Hong Kong is closely related to the governance style of the government rather than some general causes such as a lack of technological know-how or financial constraints.