Suspicious Groups Research Articles

An Efficient Approach Formulation of Social Groups of User Calls of GSM

We are living in a world of wireless technology. The most widely used wireless i.e. mobile computing device today is the Mobile phone, can be used not only for voice and data communications but also as a computing device running context aware applications. In this paper we present a model that based on GSM data base. The objective of this paper identifies social and suspicious groups based on Cell Id, IMSI, IMEI, date and time, Location Area, MCC and MNC. This information can be used by applications for the detection of users, user context, discovering of groups and relation between them using clustering technique of data mining. One of the vital means in dealing with these data is to classify or group them into a set of categories or clusters. We demonstrate that even without knowledge of observed cell tower locations, we can recognize mobility modes that are useful for several application domains. Our mobility detection system was evaluated with GSM traces from the everyday lives of three data collectors

SDAP

Hop-by-hop data aggregation is a very important technique for reducing the communication overhead and energy expenditure of sensor nodes during the process of data collection in a sensor network. However, because individual sensor readings are lost in the per-hop aggregation process, compromised nodes in the network may forge false values as the aggregation results of other nodes, tricking the base station into accepting spurious aggregation results. Here a fundamental challenge is how can the base station obtain a good approximation of the fusion result when a fraction of sensor nodes are compromised? To answer this challenge, we propose SDAP, a Secure Hop-by-hop Data Aggregation Protocol for sensor networks. SDAP is a general-purpose secure data aggregation protocol applicable to multiple aggregation functions. The design of SDAP is based on the principles of divide-and-conquer and commit-and-attest . First, SDAP uses a novel probabilistic grouping technique to dynamically partition the nodes in a tree topology into multiple logical groups (subtrees) of similar sizes. A commitment-based hop-by-hop aggregation is performed in each group to generate a group aggregate. The base station then identifies the suspicious groups based on the set of group aggregates. Finally, each group under suspect participates in an attestation process to prove the correctness of its group aggregate. The aggregate by the base station is calculated over all the group aggregates that are either normal or have passed the attestation procedure. Extensive analysis and simulations show that SDAP can achieve the level of efficiency close to an ordinary hop-by-hop aggregation protocol while providing high assurance on the trustworthiness of the aggregation result. Last, prototype implementation on top of TinyOS shows that our scheme is practical on current generation sensor nodes such as Mica2 motes.

Prevalence of peripheral neurologic injuries in rotator cuff tears with atrophy

The purpose of this study is to define the prevalence of peripheral nerve injury associated with full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff presenting with shoulder muscle atrophy. Twenty-five patients with the diagnosis of full-thickness rotator cuff tear were included. Electrodiagnostic testing, including nerve conduction studies and needle examination, was performed on all patients. There were 7 abnormal electromyographic examinations. The most common diagnosis was upper trunk brachial plexopathy severely affecting the axillary nerve (4/7), followed by suprascapular neuropathy (2/7) and cervical radiculopathy (1/7). The prevalence of associated peripheral neuropathy was found to be 28%. Greater degrees of atrophy were significantly associated with the presence of neuropathy in these patients. Careful neurologic screening in all patients and electromyographic examination in clinically suspicious groups are recommended in patients with full-thickness cuff tears before surgical repair.

647 Prognostic value of bone marrow biopsy in operable breast cancer patients at the time of initial diagnosis: Results of a 19-year median follow-up

From May 1975 until May 1980, 128 operable breast cancer patients clinical stage I–II had a core bone marrow biopsy (BMB) from the posterior iliac crest as a part of the routine diagnostic work-up at the time of initial diagnosis. The mean age of the patients was 56 years, range 26–93. Prior to this study, in 10 patients BMB (7.8%) were positive for tumor cells and in 118 negative by conventional histopathology. In 1995 we reexamined all BMB separately at two laboratories, using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins AE1–AE3, KL 1, CAM 5-2 (DPG), and DC10, BA17 (MCI). Micrometastases were detected totally in 17 patients (13.3%) at MCI and in 16 patients at DPG. Moreover, at MCI another 8 patients were classified as suspicious. Median follow-up was 19 years. All tumor cell-positive patients relapsed and deceased within 6 years of disease progression with evident osseous metastases. There were 3 survivors of the 8 patients with suspicious BMB: 2 with evident osseous and skin metastases, time to relapse 19 and 20 years respectively, and one patient was disease-free after 15 years of follow-up. The median overall survival was significantly shorter in tumor-cell positive patients being 1.9 years compared to 11.7 years in the BMB negative and BMB suspicious groups (<i>P</i><0.0001). BMB is useful in predicting the prognosis in patients with breast cancer clinical stage I–II.

Screening for carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy: A comparison of two tests and reassessment of a common approach

The usefulness of glycosylated hemoglobin as a prenatal screening test for carbohydrate intolerance was studied in 806 consecutive subjects by correlating glycosylated hemoglobin to 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose levels, 3-hour oral glucose tolerance tests, and perinatal and maternal outcomes. Sixty-seven subjects whose 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose levels were ≥ 150 mg/100 ml underwent 3-hour oral glucose tolerance tests; 12 were diagnostic of carbohydrate intolerance. Compared to carbohydrate-tolerant control subjects, gravid patients with carbohydrate intolerance were older, more obese, had higher 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and infants with increased birth weight percentiles, depressed 5-minute Apgar scores, and an increased incidence of shoulder dystocia and perinatal mortality. Three of 10 carbohydrate-intolerant patients who were evaluated post partum were found to have previously undiagnosed diabetes. Division of measurements of 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin into normal, borderline, and suspicious groups demonstrated a reduction in discriminatory capability of glycosylated hemoglobin as compared to the 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose. We conclude that (1) laboratory screening for carbohydrate intolerance should be a standard element of the prenatal evaluation; (2) gravid patients found to have carbohydrate intolerance should be reevaluated post partum to rule out overt diabetes, and (3) the 1-hour post-50 gm Glucola plasma glucose test is the preferred means of routine screening for carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy.

Blind oxytocin challenge test and perinatal outcome

A total of 435 oxytocin challenge tests (OCT) were performed on 217 high-risk pregnant patients, and the test results were blinded. The results were correlated with late decelerations of the fetal heart rate during labor, Apgar scores at 5 minutes, a neonatal morbidity score, and perinatal mortality. The incidence of late decelerations during labor was 17% in the negative group, 24% in the suspicious group, and 33% in the positive group. The correlation of OCT results and the various measures of fetal outcome indicated that an individual fetus at risk cannot be identified with a high degree of accuracy since 67% of the tests were false positive and 17% were false negative. Even when the OCT was positive, 61% of infants did not have late decelerations in labor, low Apgar scores, or significant neonatal morbidity. When elective delivery has been decided upon after consideration of all clinical information, induction of labor rather than primary cesarean section is usually indicated. In this study 78% of patients were delivered vaginally with no significant increase of cesarean sections in the positive and suspicious groups as compared with the negative group.