The possibility is considered of developing a technique of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) to determine the concentrations of nanostructures for which information on the composition is carried by the distribution of the anti-Stokes component of the spectrum. Experimental studies are performed on the dynamics of the suspension spectra of E. coli vaccine strains and the spectra of biological structures. Estimates are made and the intensities of pumping radiation are experimentally selected at which the logarithm of the intensity of the anti-Stokes component is a smoothly growing concentration function up to a concentration of 106 microbial cells mL–1.