Suspended Configuration Research Articles

Langmuir turbulence in suspended kelp farms

This study investigates the influence of suspended kelp farms on ocean mixed layer hydrodynamics in the presence of currents and waves. We use the large eddy simulation method, where the wave effect is incorporated by solving the wave-averaged equations. Distinct Langmuir circulation patterns are generated within various suspended farm configurations, including horizontally uniform kelp blocks and spaced kelp rows. Intensified turbulence arises from the farm-generated Langmuir circulation, as opposed to the standard Langmuir turbulence observed without a farm. The creation of Langmuir circulation within the farm is attributed to two primary factors depending on farm configuration: (i) enhanced vertical shear due to kelp frond area density variability, and (ii) enhanced lateral shear due to canopy discontinuity at lateral edges of spaced rows. Both enhanced vertical and lateral shear of streamwise velocity, representing the lateral and vertical vorticity components, respectively, can be tilted into downstream vorticity to create Langmuir circulation. This vorticity tilting is driven by the Craik–Leibovich vortex force associated with the Stokes drift of surface gravity waves. In addition to the farm-generated Langmuir turbulence, canopy shear layer turbulence is created at the farm bottom edge due to drag discontinuity. The intensity of different types of turbulence depends on both kelp frond area density and the geometric configuration of the farm. The farm-generated turbulence has substantial consequences for nutrient supply and kelp growth. These findings also underscore the significance of the presence of obstacle structures in modifying ocean mixed layer characteristics.

A novel variable stiffness soft gripper based on air-quicksand: design, analysis, and validation

This paper presents a novel variable stiffness soft gripper based on the principle of air-quicksand to enhance both the grasping stability and load-bearing capacity. The design, fabrication, and testing experiments of the soft grippers were performed. The soft finger is composed of a variable stiffness layer and a pneumatically driven layer with variable height chambers. The concept behind the variable stiffness layer lies in the fact that when the chamber is filled with air, it forms a suspended quicksand configuration through laminar flow and turbulence. This arrangement increases the spacing between sand particles, leading to reduced friction. Moreover, the stiffness and hardness of the soft finger can be controlled by adjusting the pressure. To improve the grasping stability, the variable height chambers were designed to provide power, which also increased the contact area. Experimental results demonstrate that the variable stiffness layer can be softened when in contact with fragile objects, thus protecting the surface without causing any damage. The stiffness increases to provide sufficient grasping force for holding objects firmly after the inflation is stopped. The exceptional performance exhibited by this gripper design holds significant potential for various applications, such as industrial sorting and fruit picking.

AgroCableBot: Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robot for Greenhouse or Urban Farming Automation

In this paper, a Cable-Driven Parallel Robot developed to automate repetitive and essential tasks in crop production in greenhouse and urban garden environments is introduced. The robot has a suspended configuration with five degrees-of-freedom, composed of a fixed platform (frame) and a moving platform known as the end-effector. To generate its movements and operations, eight cables are used, which move through eight pulley systems and are controlled by four winches. In addition, the robot is equipped with a seedbed that houses potted plants. Unlike conventional suspended cable robots, this robot incorporates four moving pulley systems in the frame, which significantly increases its workspace. The development of this type of robot requires precise control of the end-effector pose, which includes both the position and orientation of the robot extremity. To achieve this control, analysis is performed in two fundamental aspects: kinematic analysis and dynamic analysis. In addition, an analysis of the effective workspace of the robot is carried out, taking into account the distribution of tensions in the cables. The aim of this analysis is to verify the increase of the working area, which is useful to cover a larger crop area. The robot has been validated through simulations, where possible trajectories that the robot could follow depending on the tasks to be performed in the crop are presented. This work supports the feasibility of using this type of robotic systems to automate specific agricultural processes, such as sowing, irrigation, and crop inspection. This contribution aims to improve crop quality, reduce the consumption of critical resources such as water and fertilizers, and establish them as technological tools in the field of modern agriculture.

Enhanced Broadband Photodetection with Geometry and Interface Engineered Nanocrystalline Graphite

AbstractPhotodetection across the near‐infrared (NIR) to short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectrum is important for many applications. This study explores photodetection using nanocrystalline graphite (NCG) in a suspended, narrow constriction configuration for improved performance. Bowtie constrictions are fabricated in both suspended and substrate‐supported NCG devices, allowing for accurate comparison. It shows that the suspended constriction enhances the bolometric photoresponse and sensor detectivity by several orders of magnitude compared to the substrate‐supported counterparts, attributed to reduced thermalization and electric field concentration. The suspended configuration preserves a spectrally flat photoresponse while reducing operating voltage through a tailored NCG layer thickness. Chromatic aberration‐corrected photocurrent spectroscopy is used to measure the photoresponse from 1100 to 1700 nm, and diffraction‐limited hyperspectral photocurrent imaging is conducted to measure the local photocurrent generation across the device. Bolometric and photo‐thermoelectric currents are restricted to the suspended central constriction due to electric field concentration and thermal decoupling and the direction of the photocurrents within the sensor is revealed. The experimental data is complemented by simulations of the light absorption and the electric field distribution. This work indicates the importance of geometry and thermal decoupling for boosting device performance, offering promising prospects for sensitive and low‐power NCG‐based photodetectors in the NIR‐SWIR range.

Topology optimization for piezoresistive nanomechanical surface stress sensors in anisotropic 〈111〉 orientations

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based piezoresistive nanomechanical sensors are compact sensing platforms widely employed in vapor sensing, environmental monitoring, and biosensing. Despite their extensive utility, their lower sensitivity relative to their optical readout counterparts has been a limiting factor, constraining the wider application of this technology. Prior research has suggested that alternative silicon orientations, such as 〈111〉 orientations in (110) wafers, can significantly improve the sensitivity of piezoresistive sensors. However, the complexity of optimizing two-dimensional stress distribution and handling anisotropic elasticity has made device design a formidable task, leaving this promising avenue largely unexplored. To address this challenge, we employ density-based topology optimization to generate a series of optimized designs for piezoresistive nanomechanical sensors manufactured along 〈111〉 orientations. The properties of the immobilization layer—the functional coating on the sensor—are parametrically varied to explore optimal designs. Our study reveals a transition in optimized designs from a double-cantilever configuration to a suspended platform configuration, dictated by the stiffness ratio between the immobilization layer and the silicon layer. This transition is attributed to the shift in the neutral plane and the prevailing stress relaxation mechanism. In addition, we scrutinize the effects of piezoresistor geometry and find that the optimized designs depend asymmetrically on the piezoresistor position, a characteristic stemming from the anisotropic elasticity in 〈111〉 orientations. These optimized designs, verified by finite element analysis (FEA), demonstrate a notable improvement in sensitivity of more than 20% when benchmarked against traditional rectangular designs and equivalent optimized designs in conventional orientations, thereby validating the effectiveness of the present model. This study provides crucial knowledge for the design of piezoresistive biosensors, facilitating more efficient geometric design in future sensor development.

Feasibility study on suspended inter-array power cables between two spar-type offshore wind turbines

The present study investigates the feasibility of suspended inter-array cabling between two floating offshore wind turbines. In these cable configurations, the power cables do not touch the seabed and are kept afloat midwater below the sea surface using buoyancy modules. The floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) used is the OC3-Hywind. The present study considers power cables of different sizes having cores with different materials, copper and aluminium. Lightweight cables have been found to be generally better suited for suspended configurations than heavy cables. Furthermore, suspended configurations using buoys show significantly lower maximum effective tensions than configurations with buoyancy modules attached. The minimum bending radius is low for configurations with buoys, whereas it is high for configurations with buoyancy modules. Power cable excursions can be significant but never exceed the mooring line anchor positions of the FOWTs. The standard deviation of the hang-off angles of the power cables from the FOWTs is more significant for load cases (LCs) at rated wind velocities than for extreme LCs where the turbine rotor stands still. It indicates that the motions of the FOWTs influence the power cable. Cost reductions can be achieved compared with a configuration where the power cable lies on the seabed.

Numerical Investigations on Suspended Power Cable Configurations for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Deep Water Powering an FPSO

Abstract Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are an opportunity for floating production storage and offloading units (FPSOs) to reduce emissions. To avoid long connecting power cables with long transmission distances between a FOWT and an FPSO, the novel concept of a suspended power cable in a large water depth of 1000 m is investigated in this study. The power cable is kept floating between the sea surface and the seabed without touching either of them. A catenary configuration and two configurations with subsea buoys attached at different locations along the cable are investigated. The OC3-Hywind 5 MW reference FOWT is set up with a deepwater mooring system, and a spread-moored FPSO is modeled with characteristics similar to existing FPSOs. Steady-state and dynamic simulations are carried out in the numerical software OrcaFlex. The different configurations are first evaluated in steady-state analyses. The largest tensions are observed for the catenary configuration, whereas it shows the lowest horizontal cable excursions. Buoys attached along the center section of the cable lift it into regions with strong currents. This results in a large horizontal excursion of the cable and large tensions. The suspended configuration with buoys attached evenly over the cable results in significantly lower tensions than the other two configurations. It is studied further with dynamic analyses. The tensions at the floater hang-offs increase by a maximum of 24% compared to steady-state results indicating that dynamic analysis is crucial for the design of suspended cable configurations.

Finite-Time Output Feedback Robust Controller Based on Tangent Barrier Lyapunov Function for Restricted State Space for Biped Robot

This study has the aim of introducing a new type of trajectory tracking robust controllers for a class of rehabilitation robotic system considering the articulations restrictions. The robotic device consists of a suspended biped configuration. The suggested robust control considers the application of state depending gains which provide finite-time convergence for the tracking deviation. The state restrictions are fulfilled by the implementation of controller gains estimated by a class of the controlled tangent barrier Lyapunov function. Stability analysis for the tracking error yields the explicit design of the state dependent gains. The rate of convergence for the controller design is enhanced using a matrix inequality convex optimization method. Based on the forward complete characteristic of the suggested rehabilitation device, it is allowed using a finite-time convergent super-twisting-based differentiator to concrete an output feedback realization of the proposed controller. A computerized model of the tendered rehabilitation robot provides a reliable testing platform to the suggested roust controller. Numerical evaluations appear to serve as an indirect confirmation for the tracking error convergence, satisfying the articulation restrictions, and the effect of the gain optimization design. For comparison purposes, the regular state feedback control design is considered as benchmark. The faster convergence of the mean square estimation of the tracking error justifies the design of the proposed control design as well as the state feedback structure justifies the origin is a fixed-time stable equilibrium point for the space of tracking error at the same time that state space restrictions remain satisfied. The experimental evaluations of the proposed controller justifies the barrier controller which, in spite of the modeling uncertainties and the implementation issues, tracked the reference trajectories.

Using Pose-Dependent Model Predictive Control for Path Tracking with Bounded Tensions in a 3-DOF Spatial Cable Suspended Parallel Robot

This paper proposes the preliminary results on a novel control architecture based on model predictive control (MPC) for cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) and applies them to a three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) robot with a suspended configuration, leading to a cable-suspended parallel robot (CSPR). The goal of the control scheme is ensuring accurate path tracking of the reference end-effector path, while imposing a priori positive cable tensions. To handle the nonlinearities characterizing the dynamic model that governs this kind of multibody system and to keep the computational effort low, a position-dependent MPC algorithm with an embedded integrator is designed to compute the optimal cable tensions required to track the end-effector commanded path. Such tensions must belong to the feasible domain defined through a lower bound, which is slightly greater than zero, to ensure that cables pull the end-effector, and an upper bound, to represent the maximum stress that cables can withstand without breaking. The resulting controller is nonlinear, although it performs a local linearization in the prediction at each time step to reduce the computational effort. The optimal tensions are then transformed into the commanded motor torques through the inverse dynamic model of the servomotors driving the winches, since no force measurement is adopted in the controller implementation. The control architecture is designed and numerically validated through a spatial CSPR with lumped end-effector, and driven by three cables (i.e., with a non-redundant configuration). Four different paths are assumed to highlight various features of the proposed controller.

Forward Kinematics for Suspended Under-Actuated Cable-Driven Parallel Robots With Elastic Cables: A Neural Network Approach

Abstract Kinematic analysis of under-constrained cable-driven parallel robots (CDPR) has been a topic of interest because of the inherent coupling between the loop-closure and static equilibrium equations. The non-linearity of the problem is magnified with the addition of the coupling between the cable lengths and their tensions based on the elastic cable model. The paper proposes an unsupervised neural network algorithm to perform real-time forward geometrico-static analysis of such robots in a suspended configuration under the action of gravity. The formulation determines a non-linear function approximation to model the problem and proves to be efficient in solving consecutive and close waypoints in a path. The methodology is applied on a six-degree-of-freedom spatial under-constrained suspended CDPR. Specific comparison results in simulation and hardware to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in tracking a given path are illustrated. Finally, the degree of constraint satisfaction is presented against the results obtained from non-linear least-square optimization.

Highly efficient acousto-optic modulation using nonsuspended thin-film lithium niobate-chalcogenide hybrid waveguides

A highly efficient on-chip acousto-optic modulator is as a key component and occupies an exceptional position in microwave-to-optical conversion. Homogeneous thin-film lithium niobate is preferentially employed to build the suspended configuration for the acoustic resonant cavity, with the aim of improving the modulation efficiency of the device. However, the limited cavity length and complex fabrication recipe of the suspended prototype restrain further breakthroughs in modulation efficiency and impose challenges for waveguide fabrication. In this work, based on a nonsuspended thin-film lithium niobate-chalcogenide glass hybrid Mach–Zehnder interferometer waveguide platform, we propose and demonstrate a built-in push-pull acousto-optic modulator with a half-wave-voltage-length product VπL as low as 0.03 V cm that presents a modulation efficiency comparable to that of a state-of-the-art suspended counterpart. A microwave modulation link is demonstrated using our developed built-in push-pull acousto-optic modulator, which has the advantage of low power consumption. The nontrivial acousto-optic modulation performance benefits from the superior photoelastic property of the chalcogenide membrane and the completely bidirectional participation of the antisymmetric Rayleigh surface acoustic wave mode excited by the impedance-matched interdigital transducer, overcoming the issue of low modulation efficiency induced by the incoordinate energy attenuation of acoustic waves applied to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with two arms in traditional push-pull acousto-optic modulators.

Modeling of the Bandgap Distribution in Bi-Axially Strained Germanium Crossbeam for Laser Applications

High tensile strained Ge cavities in crossbeam are promising for the development of integrated laser sources on Si. However, the optimization of such cavities remains more challenging than the uniaxial beams. Indeed, the spatial distributions of both the optical field and the material gain have to be simultaneously defined by the nuances of complex cavity geometry. In this work, we simulate spatial distribution of the bandgap in bi-axially strained Ge crossbeams. Starting from stress map calculations, we achieved the bandgaps mapping for all possible suspended strain configuration (i.e ϵ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xx</sub> , ϵ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">yy</sub> and ϵ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xy</sub> ), when merged with bandgaps modeling. A trade-off is evidenced between membrane orientation and arm curvature to reach the largest possible volume of amplifying material. Our work highlights the fundamental importance of these two parameters for Ge crossbeam design and presents a relevant modeling tool to define suitable cross designs for laser applications.

Enhanced GeSn Microdisk Lasers Directly Released on Si

AbstractGeSn alloys are promising candidates for complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible, tunable lasers. Relaxation of residual compressive strain in epitaxial GeSn has recently shown promise in improving the lasing performance. However, the suspended device configuration that is thus far introduced to relax the strain is destined to limit heat dissipation, thus hindering the device performance. Herein is demonstrated that strain‐free GeSn microdisk laser devices fully released on Si outperform the canonical suspended devices. This approach allows to simultaneously relax the limiting compressive strain while offering excellent thermal conduction. Optical simulations confirm that, despite a relatively small refractive index contrast between GeSn and Si, optical confinement in strain‐free GeSn optical cavities on Si is superior to that in conventional strain‐free GeSn cavities suspended in the air. Moreover, thermal simulations indicate a negligible temperature increase in the device. Conversely, the temperature in the suspended devices increases substantially reaching, for instance, 120 K at a base temperature of 75 K under the employed optical pumping conditions. Such improvements enable increasing the operation temperature by ≈40 K and reducing the lasing threshold by 30%. This approach lays the groundwork to implement new designs in the quest for room temperature GeSn lasers on Si.

Development of a Hybrid Force-Displacement Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating for Radial Artery Pulse Waveform Measurement

This paper proposes a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based hybrid force and displacement sensor with a high sensitivity to achieve accurate measurement of radial artery pulse waveforms. The proposed sensor prototype mainly consists of a force-sensitive orthogonal planar spring structure, an FBG optical fiber, and a sensor frame. The side-type orthogonal planar spring flexure has been utilized and optimized to achieve an excellent linear force-displacement relationship along the axial direction. It offers other merits in terms of equivalent functions as a parallel mechanism configuration, compactness, and convenient assembly. The employed optical fiber has been tightly stretched to form a suspended configuration vertical to the flexure’s central line. This two-point pasting configuration and the use of the transverse movement property of the suspended fiber can achieve improved sensitivity and resolution, and avoid shortcomings associated with the traditional and direct pasting for the whole FBG element. The theoretical model that corresponds to the sensing principle has been derived. The simulation based on finite element method (FEM) has been adopted to conduct design optimization to determine detailed structural parameters and achieve enhanced sensitivity, as well as performance investigation. The optimized prototype has demonstrated an excellent force resolution of 0.47mN with a small linearity error of 0.98% within the sensing range [0.9N, 2.7N] and a high displacement sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.103\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a linearity error of 4.08% within the sensing range [0.3mm, 0.7mm], and the R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> values are determined as 99.99% and 99.30%, respectively. The experiments for artery pulse waveform measurement have been performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed sensor design.

Resonant bistable 2 × 2 crossbar switches using dual nanobeams clad with phase-change material

We present the first bistable 2 × 2 crossbar switches using dual suspended nanobeams with phase changing Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) cladding material. The dual suspended nanobeam configuration gives a higher-temperature pulse that will efficiently change the phase of a nanoscale GSST cladding on each nanobeam cavity region. The compact resonant 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder switch has stable cross and bar states corresponding to the amorphous and crystalline phases of the GSST, respectively. We have optimized the nanobeam design using 3D FDTD and have made detailed numerical simulations that predict low insertion loss and low crosstalk with ∼100 GHz bandwidth. Finally, the application of this device to N x N x Mλ wavelength cross-connect switching is presented. The unique integration of switch design elements presented in this paper enables, for the first time, the combination of nonvolatile resonant behavior, low switching power, low insertion loss and crosstalk, wide bandwidth, and fast switching times, for WDM switching applications.

Optimization of a Low-Power Chemoresistive Gas Sensor: Predictive Thermal Modelling and Mechanical Failure Analysis.

The substrate plays a key role in chemoresistive gas sensors. It acts as mechanical support for the sensing material, hosts the heating element and, also, aids the sensing material in signal transduction. In recent years, a significant improvement in the substrate production process has been achieved, thanks to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies. In addition, the use of innovative materials and smaller low-power consumption silicon microheaters led to the development of high-performance gas sensors. Various heater layouts were investigated to optimize the temperature distribution on the membrane, and a suspended membrane configuration was exploited to avoid heat loss by conduction through the silicon bulk. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies focused on predictive models for the optimization of the thermal and mechanical properties of a microheater. In this work, three microheater layouts in three membrane sizes were developed using the microfabrication process. The performance of these devices was evaluated to predict their thermal and mechanical behaviors by using both experimental and theoretical approaches. Finally, a statistical method was employed to cross-correlate the thermal predictive model and the mechanical failure analysis, aiming at microheater design optimization for gas-sensing applications.

Combustion Characteristics of Suspended Hydrocarbon Fuel Droplets with Various Nanoenergetic Additives

ABSTRACT The burning process of multiple liquid fuels with various nanoenergetic additives is investigated experimentally in the suspended droplet configuration. Specifically, the burning rate constant and ignition delay are measured for two base fuels, rocket grade kerosene (RP-2) and ethanol, with seven energetic additives; the investigated additives include aluminum (Al), magnesium oxide (MgO), graphene, graphene nano-platelet (GNP), as well as numerous soluble additives including ammonia borane (AB), ammonium nitrate (NaAN) and sodium borohydride (), all of which do not exceed 6 wt.% loading concentration. Results from these experiments show that in general, there is not a significant modification to the steady burning rate for these nanofuel combinations (averaging 10%) for the loading concentrations considered. Instead, the additives exhibit a majority of particle burning during the end of the droplet lifetime, which generally are short-lived events that do not affect the overall . This is illustrated by calculating the instantaneous burning rate for these nanofuels, where is 2% to 18% higher than pure fuels during the last half of the droplet burn time depending on the additive type. Similarly, nanofuel ignition delays generally only exhibit modest changes for a majority of the investigated combinations, causing only a 5% change on average. However, two nanofuels consisting of ethanol with 5 wt.% soluble ammonia borane and RP-2 with 1 wt. suspended graphene do exhibit increases in of approximately 20 and 30, respectively. These nanofuel compounds also exhibit substantial qualitative combustion behavioral changes including flame color changes and micro-droplet shedding events for ethanol with ammonia borane, as well as a notable reduction in the average burning rate of 20 for RP-2 with graphene. Therefore, these two nanofuel combinations may be candidates for further study as a means to garner control of combustion dynamics in a reacting liquid rocket spray environment.

Enhancement of temperature change induced by anomalous Ettingshausen effect in thin Ni films on suspended membrane substrates

We demonstrate the effect of substrates on the temperature change induced by the anomalous Ettingshausen effect in ferromagnetic thin films. The experimental results show that, in comparison with conventional experiments using bulk substrates, the temperature modulation due to the anomalous Ettingshausen effect in Ni films can be enhanced by more than an order of magnitude using suspended membrane substrates, which reduce thermal dissipation from the films to the substrates. The temperature modulation can be further enhanced with the help of a simple suspended thermopile configuration consisting of two Ni strips separated by a small distance. These demonstrations will provide a guideline for the thermal design of thin-film-based spin-caloritronic devices.

Tension planner for cable-driven suspended robots with unbounded upper cable tension and two degrees of redundancy

Cable-driven parallel manipulator hanging in a suspended configuration are not fully constrained mechanisms due to the constant weight of the end effector. This force maintains tension in cables and it imposes a maximum limit on the tension in the cables. This study aims to analyze the maximum tension value as well as the maximum wrenches that the end effector can exert without losing control. The relation between the maximum wrench at the end effector and the tension values is useful for sizing the actuators. To exert the desired maximum wrench in any direction of the space, the regions of the workspace, where the wrench can be applied, are also calculated. The process of exerting the maximum wrench from the equilibrium state is defined using the null space of the robot's structure matrix to accomplish rapid path planning. The tension planner developed below is relevant to applications like pressing, hammering or drilling at different locations over a large workspace. This article develops the mathematical background to plan fast and agile motion for two-degree redundant suspended manipulator, calculates several examples of path plans, and then validates those calculations with multibody dynamics simulations.

Optical, mechanical and thermal characterizations of suspended chalcogenide glass microdisk membrane.

As a promising infrared optical material, the physical characteristics of patterned chalcogenide glass (ChG) membranes are of great importance for the improvement of device performances. In this work, based on the suspended membrane configuration, we have demonstrated the mechanical and thermal characterizations of the Ge11.5As24Se64.5 ChG optical microdisk resonator. By approximation of ChG cantilever configuration, the out-of-plane minimum mechanical strength of the microdisk membrane was measured to be 150 MPa by exploiting atom force microscope (AFM). This value is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the bulk material, which is beneficial to achieve better mechanical compliance in terms of the ChG membrane sensors. To illustrate the effect of environmental temperature variation on the optical response of the ChG microdisk membrane with quality factor (Q-factor) of 2.87 × 104, the thermal drift was characterized to be 90.2 pm/°C by changing the substrate temperature from 30 °C to 44 °C. The characterization of multi-parameters in combination with the ChG free-standing microdisk prototype is conducive to further expand the potentials of ChG membrane in the ultrasound and other cavity optomechanical sensing.